Tubular Drainage Research Articles

A CASE OF INTRAOPERATIVE DISCOVERY OF ABERENT SUBVESICAL BILE DUCT DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Introduction. Subvesical bile ducts (Lyushka ducts) are tubular aberrant anatomical anomalies of the biliary tree, in which the intrahepatic bile ducts drain into the lumen of the gallbladder at different levels.
 According to various sources, this variant of the anatomical architecture of the bile ducts occurs in 1.7 - 3% of clinical cases.
 The relevance of knowing the anatomical features of the biliary tree is due to the fact that routine preoperative methods of examination in most cases do not allow to verify them, and unnoticed damage to such courses at the stage of extraction of the bile duct can lead to intraoperative and postoperative complications.
 Therefore, knowledge of the presence of such anatomical options is a condition for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
 Goal. To represent a clinical case of aberrant subvesical bile duct during LC.
 Presentation of a clinical case. The 41-year-old patient was hospitalized for acute biliary pancreatitis of mild severity according to the Ranson scale against the background of gallstone disease. In cooperation with related specialists, the patient underwent complex conservative treatment according to the updated recommendations for the management of acute pancreatitis (AP). After the normalization of basic laboratory indicators, exclusion of local parapancreatic complications, the patient was prepared for LC. Intraoperatively, a subvesical aberrant bile duct with a diameter of 1 mm was found, connecting the lumen of the gallbladder with the intrahepatic ducts of the IV segment of the liver. Coagulation of the bilious source was performed. A diagnostic tubular drainage was installed. No complications were observed in the early and late postoperative period.
 Discussion. Subvesical bile ducts, or "Lyushka's ducts" - anatomical variants of biliary tracts that flow directly into the gallbladder, perforating its wall at different levels.
 The etiology of Lyushka's movements is a subject of debate. The first theory describes them as an embryological abnormality of development in the early stages of embryogenesis. In our clinical case, it is quite likely that subvesical bile ducts could have arisen according to the second theory - hypertrophy of parenchymal branches as a result of previous local inflammation against the background of chronic cholecystitis and periodic exacerbation of cryptogenic hepatitis.
 Due to their small size, these movements can go unnoticed, causing various postoperative complications. Therefore, such ducts are of great clinical importance for surgeons. Their preoperative identification is often impossible, so they can be damaged intraoperatively.
 Bile leakage due to damage to aberrant ducts usually manifests itself clinically within the first postoperative week. In severe cases, the development of biliary peritonitis with subsequent sepsis is possible.
 In our case, cholelithiasis from the subvesical course was eliminated by coagulation. In cases of postoperative complications, according to the literature, endoscopic methods are the main method of treatment. A repeat laparotomy is very rarely necessary.
 Conclusions. Aberrant subvesical bile ducts are extremely rare and may be overlooked during hepatobiliary operations. Their damage occurs at the stage of separation of the ZHM from its bed and is therefore inevitable. Knowledge of their existence, intraoperative vigilance and delicate surgical technique allow to identify and timely prevent the development of complications.

Метод розроблення числових моделей дорожньої конструкції на ділянках з трубчастими дренами

The problem of water drainage from the carriageway and from the base layers of road pavement of the highway remains relevant worldwide. Gravel or sand layers, as well as geotextile and geocomposite layers are mainly used. Selection of parameters of tubular drainage structures of shallow laying is mainly carried out by an analytical method. This is explained by the difficulty of creating numerical models for predicting the stress-strain state of the road structure, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the subgrade elements saturated with water. The lack of a methodology for modelling a road structure with shallow drainage in software complexes based on the finite element method makes it difficult to obtain and analyse the stress-strain state of the structure and the subsequent selection of parameters of shallow tubular drainage. Keywords: road pavement, shallow drainage, subgrade, stress-strain state, numerical model.

Ремонт закрытого трубчатого дренажа участка мелиорации сельскохозяйственного поля в Псковской области

On the lands of the Trigorskoye farm, in September 2020, an offsite seminar was held by the section of reclamation of agricultural lands of the Scientific Council of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The seminar participants included more than 30 specialists in the field of agricultural reclamation. The work on cleaning the tubular collector from the flow regulator well with the Poseidon installation with a jet flushing nozzle was demonstrated. The results of the removal of sludge from the tubular collector were verified by the method of excavation and extraction of pipes from the drainage line. Experts of the Agrophysical Research Institute, using an unmanned aerial vehicle, surveyed a section of the drainage reclamation system in order to determine the locations of faults in the closed tubular drainage. The results of the studies obtained will be used by the design and operating organizations of the Pskov region in the development of new technologies for restoring the operation of the drainage pipe drainage with its expired guaranteed service life.

Determining patterns in the stressed­deformed state of the railroad track subgrade reinforced with tubular drains

The technical condition of the railroad track subgrade has been analyzed, as well as the issues related to ensuring its strength and stability when exposed to floodwaters and when the track's sections are overmoistened during operation. As a result, it has been established that it is necessary to develop methods aimed at improving the subgrade's carrying capacity. The georadar research has explored the problematic areas of the railroad track subgrade, based on which the distribution of subgrade heterogeneity in the vertical plane, as well as the boundaries of its location, were established. Therefore, georadar research makes it possible to detect hidden defective sites in the subgrade without disrupting its strength characteristics. A technique has been proposed to improve the carrying capacity of the failed subgrade of a railroad track using the combined arrangement of drainage pipes in the vertical and horizontal directions in the railroad embankment. The special feature of this technique is the possibility to drain water at the different levels of surface water, which provides for an increase in the carrying capacity of the failed subgrade. The strained-deformed state of the subgrade reinforced with tubular drainage has been investigated. The result has proven the effectiveness of the use of tubular drainages to improve the carrying capacity of the railroad track overmoistened subgrade exposed to constant and temporary loads. This study findings have established that the deformity of the subgrade increases when using tubular drainage, though this occurs only in the initial period of its arrangement, in further operation, when it removes water from the subgrade body, the carrying capacity of the subgrade, on the contrary, will improve due to the enhanced physical and mechanical properties of soils

PREDICTION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A ROAD STRUCTURE WITH SHALLOW TRANSVERSE TUBULAR DRAINAGE

The stress-strain state of a road structure with shallow tubular drainage, which is arranged on waterlogged sections of public highways, has been investigated. Three-dimensional models of the road structure with pipes made of various materials were built using the finite element method. Experimental studies on models were carried out for cases of normative and over-norm load on the basis of the SCAD Office software and calculation complex. The distribution of normal stresses, deformation values in the road structure and directly in the body of the tubular drain is obtained. The working conditions were determined and the expediency of using PVC pipes and concrete pipes on the road of III category was substantiated. Subject of research: stress-strain state of a road structure with shallow transverse tubular drainage. Investigated problem: determination of deformations in a road structure with tubular drains based on the distribution of normal stresses. Main scientific results: distribution of isopoles and isolines of normal stresses, deformation values in road structures with shallow transverse tubular drainage. The expediency of using the type of drainage pipes on waterlogged sections of roads under conditions of excess load has been determined. The area of practical use of the research result: design institutions and enterprises specializing in the road transport industry. An innovative technology product: stress and strain distribution in atypical road structures with tubular holes. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: for the design of atypical road structures with tubular holes on waterlogged road sections.

Мелиоративная эффективность закрытого дренажа Зардабской зоны Прикуринской полосы Ширванской степи

Article is devoted to the analysis of land reclamation, drainage and desalination action of closed tubular drainage. Parameters: depth — 3 m, distance between the strips — 200 m. The system was built according to the project “Improvement of the reclamation state of the lands of the Zardab zone of strip Kura region of Shirvan steppe”. The data on water supply, drainage flow, drainage module during the flushing period, a change in the level of groundwater (rise-fall), the desalting effect of the flushing process on the degree of salinity of drainage and groundwater, as well as hydrochemical parameters of soil are presented.

Vacuum drainage of tissues in treatment of inflammatory diseases of the maxillo-facial area and neck.

Objective of the study: to increase the efficiency of drainage of tissues with phlegmons of the maxillo-facial area and neck using vacuum drainage.The device was used in 55 people with phlegmons of the maxillo-facial area and neck, aged from 21 to 65 years in the maxillo-facial department of the City Clinical Hospital for Emergency and Medical Care, Zaporizhyzhya. The proposed device improves the efficiency of evacuation of exudate from the wound. The decrease in the number of complications, the occurrence of bedsores in the wound caused by tubular drainage is observed, it prevents the spread of the inflammatory process in the adjacent tissue spaces. The improvement of the clinical picture and stabilization of the general condition in 53 (96.4%) patients of the second group was noted on the 2.4±0.7 day after surgery, in 43 (95.6%) patients of the first group – on 3.7±0.6 day; the intensity of the pain syndrome decreased on average on 3.2±0.4 day. In 48 (87.3%) patients of the second group suppuration was absent already on 2.4±0.6 day, the formation of granulations – on 3.2±0.5 day, and complete cleansing and convergence of the wound edges – on 6.2±0.7 day. In 4 patients of the first and second groups, the healing time of the postoperative wound was longer: the cessation of suppuration was noticed on 6th-7th day, the appearance of granulations – on 7th-8th day, complete cleansing, and the marginal convergence of the wound – on 11.2±0.8th day р<0,001. Vacuum drainage accelerates the onset of the second phase of the inflammatory process, reduces the dynamics of the disease course and the patient's recovery at least twice.

Development of measures to reduce water consumption for own needs of waterworks

The article presents the designs developed by the authors: a tubular drainage distribution device and a device for water-air washing quick filters. As a result of studies carried out in real conditions at Sludinsk water supply station in N. Novgorod during 2017-2018, the effectiveness of the developed devices is proved which is achieved by increasing the degree of distribution of washing water in the filter as well as by reducing the number of washes which leads to decrease in the flow rate of wash water at the station. The proposed measures to reduce water consumption for its own needs are relevant for any water treatment plant, since they will improve environmental situation and reduce the amount of river water supplied for treatment, which will lead to energy savings in the pumps of the first lift pumping station.

АНАЛИЗ СИСТЕМЫ «ОСАДКИ-ПОЧВА-ДРЕНАЖ» В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ РОССИИ

Purpose: to analyze the soil-climatic and anthropogenic reasons of decreasing drainage efficiency of closed pottery tubular drainage on the reclaimed lands of the North-West of Russia under the observed local weather conditions against the background of global climate changes. Materials and methods. The objects of research are seasonal precipitation regimes, reclaimed lands and drainage systems of closed tubular drainage. The methods of applied mathematical statistics, the ensemble method of processing and generalization of climate forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), modernized by the authors were used in research. Monitoring data on changes in the physical properties of soils of reclaimed lands during their long-term operation were obtained using laboratory agrophysical methods for studying samples taken in the field. Results. It is shown that under the conditions of the observed climatic changes, the frequency, intensity and extremeness of atmospheric precipitation are increased. Long-term exploitation of lands with a leaching drainage regime is accompanied by changes in the hydrophysical properties of soils, for example, the coefficient of heterogeneity of the subsurface horizons of soils texture of automorphic genesis decreased from 26 to 6. The system “precipitation – soil – drainage” in climatically abnormal weather conditions exceeding the initial calculated precipitation level mode by 10–20 %, is unable to ensure the removal of excess moisture from the root layer. Conclusions: when creating and reconstructing such reclamation drainage systems it is recommended to take into account the tendencies of changes in the spatial-temporal statistical structure of precipitation and to design technologies for regulating the water regime with systems for intercepting and diverting surface runoff on such reclaimed lands.

TREATMENT OF PHLEGMONS OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA BY AUXILIARY DRAINAGE WITH CONSTANT REDUCED NEGATIVE PRESSURE

Relevance. In the treatment of purulent wounds of the maxillofacial area, aspiration of the exudate is often ineffective due to the aspirational-obstructive effect. Therefore, the search for ways to improve wound drainage is relevant in the treatment of patients with phlegmons of all deep spaces of the maxillofacial area, including the fiber of the cervical neurovascular bundle.
 Objective: To increase the efficiency of drainage of the phlegmons of the maxillofacial area and neck with the help of drainage with constant negative pressure.
 Materials and methods. In the maxillofacial department of the City hospital of emergency and urgent medical care in Zaporizhzhia, 100 people aged 20-80 years were treated with phlegmons of the maxillofacial area. In one group (45 people), treatment was performed according to the traditional method. In group 2 (55 people), traditional treatment was supplemented by drainage of purulent wound with sustained reduced pressure at the exudation stage. To do this, in group 2 we used a device which shape was similar to the shape of a purulent cavity. It was made individually according to the imprint of the patient's purulent wound cavity, which reduced the likelihood of pressure sores in the wound. At installation of drainage the immersion limiter was covered with a sealing oily substance on a fat basis. The device was made of medical plastic with a through sponginess, the size of the frame was smaller than the capacity of the purulent wound cavity by 10-30%. The sizes of the openings of the frame wall were 0.1-0.5 mm. Mathematical calculations of the efficiency of exudate aspiration were conducted. The number of openings of the drainage body with the walls of the wound was 200 in one square centimeter, at an effective speed of 0.2 m/sec and an evacuation volume of 150 ml/min. This allowed to eliminate the aspirational-obstructive effect.
 Results. The duration of hospitalization of the 2 group patients was shortened in comparison with patients of the 1 group. Improvement of the clinical picture and stabilization of the general condition in 53 (96.4%) patients of the 2 group were observed at 3 day after surgery, and the same indicators in 43 (95.6%) patients of the 1 group were observed at 4-5 day. In addition, it was decrese of the pain intensity at 4-5 day. In 48 (87.3%) patients of the 2 group, purulent exudation was stopped at 2-3 day, granulations appeared at 3-4 day, and the complete clearance and marginal closure of the wound were observed at 6-8 day. In 4 patients of the 1 and 2groups, the healing time of the postoperative wound was longer: termination of purulent discharge was observed up to 6-7 days, appearance of granulations - up to 7-8 days, complete clearance and marginal closure of the wound - up to 10-12 days. Also, in the 2 group, there were fewer complications, pressure sores in the wound from tubular drainage and less spread of the inflammatory process in adjacent tissues of space.
 Conclusions. Drainage of purulent wounds with constant reduced negative pressure increases the efficiency of exudate evacuation; reducing the number of complications; acceleration of the onset of the second phase of the inflammatory process.

TREATMENT OF THE LOWER JAW FRACTURES WITH THE SUPPURATIVE-INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS

Treatment of the suppurative-inflammatory complications in case of the lower jaw fractures needs timely opening and wound drainage with the aim of preventing the posttraumatic osteomyelitis development. In this research a comparative characteristics of the clinic indices of the treatment quality of the suppurative-inflammatory processes by the traditional method and with the use of the nikelid-titan dilators with the memory effect has been carried out. A real advantage of the nikelid-titan dilators use for draining the suppurative-inflammatory wound in comparison with the perforated binary tubular drainage has been revealed.

Instability and freezing in a solidifying melt conduit

Previous works have shown that when liquid flows in a pipe whose boundary temperature is below freezing, a tubular drainage conduit forms surrounded by solidified material that freezes shut under the appropriate combination of forcing conditions. We conduct laboratory experiments with wax in which the tube freezes shut below a certain value of flux from a pump. As the flux is gradually decreased to this value, the total pressure drop across the length of the tube first decreases to a minimum value and then rises before freezing. Previous theoretical models of a tube driven by a constant pressure drop suggest that once the pressure minimum is reached, the states for a lower flux should be unstable and the tube should therefore freeze-up. In our experiments, flux and pressure drop were coupled, and this motivates us to extend the theory for low Reynolds number flow through a tube with solidification to incorporate a simple pressure-drop–flux relationship. Our model predicts a steady-state relationship between flux and pressure drop that has a minimum pressure as the flux is varied. The stability properties of these steady states depend on the boundary conditions: for a fixed flux, they are all stable, whereas for fixed pressure drop, only those with a flux larger than that at the pressure drop minimum are stable. For a mixed pressure–flux condition, the stability threshold of the steady states lies between these two end members. This provides a possible mechanism for the experimental observations.

Fístula nefrobrônquica em paciente com infecção por "Pasteurella aerogenes"

Apresenta-se o caso de uma paciente com nefrolitíase que, após submeter-se a uma litotripsia, evoluiu com pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa, fístula nefrobrônquica, abscesso pulmonar e septicemia. O tratamento incluiu drenagem da loja renal, drenagem tubular da pleura e do abscesso pulmonar por toracotomia e nefrectomia direita. A bactéria isolada, tanto da loja renal, quanto do abscesso pulmonar, foi a Pasteurella aerogenes, sendo este o primeiro caso na literatura médica mundial relacionado a este patógeno.

Classification and Applications of Existing Geotextiles

This committee has put in order the kinds, physical properties values and applications of geotextiles being used in Japan at present on the basis of the catalog of the said qeotextiles in order to investigate the classification and applications of geotextiles and to prepare essentials for selection.Products can be mainly classified into nine kinds (woven fabric, nonwovan fabric, net, geogrid, geomembrane, tubular drainage material, composite product, cloth form and others): and raw materials into twelve kinds. Also put in order are the statuses of products utilization in respective applications, as well as main applications and physical properties values of those products.

Renal microvasculatures and microenvironments.

The quotation from Marcello Malpighi with which Clifford Barger begins his discussion of The Renal Circulation in this issue of the Journal is in certain respects a commentary upon the difficulty of defining structural-functional correlations in the kidney. Despite his "long, patient and varied use of the microscope," Malpighi ended by believing that the glomerular arterioles connect directly with the tubular drainage manifold. The exquisite traceries of renal vessels pictured on page 487 clearly show the capillary nets that Malpighi failed to see in his own crude injections with ink and wine. They show, too, the "granularity" to which Malpighi . . .

FINE SILVER WIRE AS DRAINAGE MATERIAL

I have been using fine silver wire, in the form of wicks, for abdominal drainage after operation for acute appendicitis, but my clinical data are as yet too incomplete to report, and the suggestion is submitted for the following reasons: 1. Wicks of silver wire consisting of 90 to 100 strands almost as fine as horse-hair firmly twisted like a tobacco twist, possess marked capillarity, which is more marked as the material increases in fineness. This can be illustrated by taking such a wick and inserting it into a testtube, in the form of a siphon. While not equal in capillarity to gauze, it seems to retain capillarity longer. I have found that, after removing such a wick from an abdominal wound containing a seropurulent discharge in forty-eight hours, capillarity was as marked as it was originally. Furthermore, silver wire can combine the effect of tubular drainage with capillarity if

AUTOMATIC DRAINAGE OF NORMAL CAVITIES.

It is not my desire to enter into a consideration of the relative merits of capillary and tubular drainage, when it becomes necessary to conduct undesirable liquid products from cavities. Suffice it to say that each will at times find a field of application peculiarly its own. There can be no doubt that when large cavities, i. e., peritoneal or pleural, or hollow viscera, i. e., gall or urinary bladder, are to be drained of considerable quantities of liquid, tubular drainage—either by means of glass or rubber— with few exceptions will offer the ideal method. The advantages of tubular drainage are briefly stated: 1,that by this means the product sought to be removed may be conveyed through the dressings applied, so preventing soiling of them, which is certainly of much importance in cases in which contamination of the wound would be undesirable; 2, that the discharges may be efficiently withdrawn