Tubers Of Varieties Research Articles

Studies on potato proteins

Protein patterns of four potato tuber varieties grown in the Northeastern United States were compared by electrophoresis and electrofocusing and found to be distinctly different. Molecular sizes of protein subunits of all four varieties were found to be uniform when charge differences between proteins were masked and disulfide bonds ruptured. Preliminary fractionation of Katahdin variety tuber proteins by dialysis against water yielded 25% globulin and 75% albumin. Further fractionation of the acidic proteins of the globulin fraction by density gradient isoelectric focusing at pH 4–6 separated three fractions isoelectric at pH 4.2, 4.4, and 5.3. Amino acid compositions of the three fractions were similar.

Emergence and yield from seed potatoes after immersion in sodium hypochlorite solutions

Abstract Dormant potato tubers of variety ‘Ham Hardy’ were treated by immersion in NaOCl (1% available chlorine) for 2 h, rinsed in water, dried, and planted. Plants from treated seed emerged faster, produced more stems, and yielded a greater weight and number of tubers than plants from untreated seed. Over several plantings, yield increases averaged about 20%. Rate of emergence of Ilam Hardy plants was reduced when non-dormant sprouted seed was treated. A post-treatment storage period of 3–4 weeks before planting prevented this depression. NaOC1 concentration greater than 1% available chlorine, or an immersion time longer than 2 h, adversely affected tuber performance. Emergence and yield of plants from sprouted seed tubers of varieties Ilam Hardy, ‘Arran Banner’ and ‘Red King Edward’ were unaffected when planted 2 weeks after treatment, but emergence of ‘Rua’ was retarded and yield of ‘Sebago’ was reduced.

Variability in the concentration of three heat stable proteinase inhibitor proteins in potato tubers

The variability of three well characterized proteinase inhibitors, Inhibitor I, molecular weight 39,000, Inhibitor II, molecular weight 21,000, and Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor, molecular weight 4,100, were determined in apical cortical tissues of individual potato tubers of the Russet Burbank variety. The three inhibitors varied within ± 20% among sixty-five tubers and cumulatively represented about 7% of the total soluble proteins. The inhibitors were highly variable among tubers of 106 clones from randomly chosen varieties. Inhibitor I varied about twelve-fold (60 to 745 μg/ml juice), and Inhibitor II varied about seven-fold (158 to 1,025 μg/ml juice). Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor varied from as low as zero (seven varieties) to over 850 μg/ml tuber juice. With 80 tubers from fourteen varieties of potatoes, a positivecorrelation was found between the concentrations of Inhibitor I and Inhibitor II and total soluble protein. Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor did not correlate well with total soluble protein. The positive correlations of Inhibitors I and II (a correlation coefficient of 0.70) with total soluble protein indicated that the proteinase inhibitors may be excellent markers for genetic studies for selecting high protein potato tuber varieties.

Solanidine in potato ( Solanum tuberosum) tuber tissue disrupted by Erwinia atroseptica and by Phytophthora infestans

Solanidine has been isolated and identified from potato tuber tissue disrupted by Erwinia atroseptica, and by Phytophthora infestans, in a compatible interaction. Tuber varieties, resistant to P. infestans in which cellular disintegration was not apparent, did not produce the aglycone. The evidence supports the view that solanidine is formed in disrupted tissue through the activity of hydrolytic potato enzymes on the glycoalkaloids.

Título en español.

Se estudiaron los efectos de la radiación gamma en la germinación de la variedad del ñame (D. alata) Florido cultivado en Puerto Rico y en los cambios químicos que tienen lugar en el tubérculo. La radiación con dosis de 7.5 Krad no afectó aprobablemente su composición y prolongó por 4 meses más el período de inactividad del ñame. Se sugiere una dosis de 7.5 Krad como la óptima para inhibir la germinación de los tubérculos del ñame de esta variedad. Esto hace posible que haya disponible ñame de buena calidad fuera de temporada. Las pérdidas en peso fueron relativamente bajas y el sabor del tubérculo muy aceptable.

Lipids of potato tubers. III. Effect of growth and storage on lipid content of the potato tuber

AbstractThe effect of physiological changes on the lipid content of six varieties of potato tubers was studied. No significant varietal differences were observed. A marked decrease occurred in the amount of total lipid and fatty acids during the initial weeks of growth, followed by a levelling off during maturation and subsequent storage at 5 ºC. After 6 months' storage, the early maturing varieties revealed a large degree of sprouting with an accumulation in both total lipid and fatty acid content. Palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids represented 95% of the fatty acids and throughout these studies the relative proportions of the major fatty acids remained constant. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated very little change in the polar lipids, but minor trends among the neutral lipid classes were detected. In the early stages of growth of the tuber the triglyceride level fell rapidly, but later, following the break of dormancy in the stored tuber, there was a regeneration of triglyceride accompanied by a noticeable rise in sterol and carotenoid content.

Relationships of hollow heart in Irish potatoes to carbohydrate reabsorption and growth rate of tubers

Tubers of Irish Cobbler that were hollow grew faster than non-hollow tubers on the same plant. However, tubers of varieties without hollow heart grew just as rapidly as tubers of the variety with hollow heart. Therefore tuber growth rate was related to hollow heart occurring within a variety but could not account for differences between varieties. When plant foliage was pruned the C-14 label from sucrose was translocated from the tuber to the top of the plant. Our studies suggest hollow heart can occur in small tubers under the following conditions: (i) moisture stress in the tubers resulting in conversion of starch to sugar, followed by a rapid influx of water into the tuber resulting in rapid enlargement of the perimedullary zone and a separation in the pith that later develops into hollow heart, and/or (ii), following injury to some cells in the tuber due to reabsorption of minerals and carbohydrates or depletion of food reserves followed by tuber enlargement. It seems probable however that hollow heart that is initiated in large tubers is only associated with excessively rapid tuber enlargement without the involvement of reabsorption or depletion of food reserves.

Stalking the Grizzly Stalking the Elk

Stalking the Grizzly Stalking the Elk

Concerning the constancy of the protein electrophoretic pattern of a potato tuber variety

Tubers of a given variety from the same plant and from different plants grown in the same area and in diverse geographical locations were found to have visually indistinguishable protein patterns with acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although total protein levels were considerably different for a given variety grown in two separate locations, their protein patterns were essentially similar. On storage four of the five varieties showed small but distinct alteration in the mutual density relationship of some of their bands. It is concluded that variety identification based on the protein patterns alone, particularly of stored tubers, might be ineffectual in those cases where the protein patterns lacked sufficient unique character.

A POTATO TUBERS TREATMENT INFLUENCE ON PHYTOSANITARY STATE OF POTATO PLANTINGS AND YIELD

According to ISA - a branch of the FSBNU FNAC VIM in the conditions of the region from weed vegetation, pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, a complex of soil-killing and terrestrial pests the loss of potato harvest is 30-40%. In 2019-2020 the preparations for the treatment of Gala tubers variety were tested on the V.I. Lenin collective farm in the Kasimovskiy district (Ryazan region) in accordance with the following scheme: 1. Tabu Super, VSK – 0.5 l/t + Maxim, KS – 0.4 l/t; 2. Tabu Super, VSK – 0.5 l/t + Sinclair, SC – 0.2 l/t; 3. Prestige, KS – 1.0 l/t + Regent, VDG – 0.08 kg/t + Aktara,VDG – 0.1 kg/t + Maxim, KS – 0.4 l/t. 4. Quadris, SK – 0.4 l/t + Regent, VDG – 0.08 kg/t (economic option). The area of cultivated plot is 10 hectares, the accounting area is 10 m2 and the four-time replication. The soil of the site is sod-podzolic-gley sandy loam, humus content is 0.9%, potassium – content is medium, phosphorous content is low, pH level – 5.1, the predecessor was winter wheat. As a result of field tests of fungicides and insecticides used for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers, it was found that in the region the tested drugs effectively protected the crop plants from risoctoniasis and damage to the Colorado beetle. The use of the drugs studied contributed to a high yield of potato tubers 55.5 - 60.0 tons/ha and high - above 89% output of standard tubers.

Classification of the taro varieties in Japan

1. The taro, in Japan, has many synonyms, as the cultivating history is old. So we tried, since 1945, to survey the 205 varieties of the taros collected all over this country, China, Formosa and southern islands, and to classify them in order to clear up oecological significance according to shape of leaves and tubers, chromosome numbers, and bud mutation. 2. Green colour degree, distribution of anthocy-an, crookedness of neck part of leaf-stalk, wilting of leaves and maturity are clearly different among varieties. 3. Shape of the corm has three types: round, cylindrical, and multiple-headed. Lateral tuber varieties(the corm is coarse and does not develope so large) and Akame in corm-tuber varieties (both corm and tubers are able to eat) are round, corm varieties (growth of lateral tubers is poor and few) are cylindrical, and only Yatsugashira and Shogaimo are multiple-headed. Lateral-tubers of Hasubaimo, Kurojiku and those of round shape line of Ishikawa-wase and Dotare are, too, in good shape. 4. Outbreak of lateral tubers is, naturally, different by maturity speed but only Hasubaimo is late in spite of its early maturity. Of second lateral tubers from first tubers, Kurojiku group has the most numbers. 5. From shape of flower organs, we think Eguimo and Okinawa-aoguki are Colocasia antiquorum Schott. var. trpica of Engler classification, the other lateral tuber varieties are var. globulifera, and corm-tuber varieties are var. esculenta. 6. Bud mutation is lately found; mutation ofanthocyan ditstribution on petiole at Yamagatataimo, Tonoimo and Akame, and mutation of out-break of lateral tubers at Yatsugashira. But we have not found the mutation changed to a remote variety group. 7. Chromosome numbers of these varieties studied by the Kyushu university have their important significance in this classification. 8. The varieties, in Japan, are classified from these above standpoints as follows.

Vitamines in green leaves

In view of the very scanty data recorded respecting the relative content of vitamine in green foods compared with other plant and animal products which have been studied more in detail, we have fed albino rats on diets containing, as the source of water-soluble vitamine, spinach, cabbage, clover, timothy and alfalfa, dried in their immature state. Far less dried spinach supplies sufficient water-soluble vitamine to promote normal growth than do whole wheat, soy beans, dried egg, meat, milk or potatoes. Spinach leaves are much richer in the fat-soluble vitamine than are most of the products used in our ordinary rations. Thus rats fed for over 160 days, during which they consumed only 25 to 34 grams of spinach, have grown from 60 to 250 grams at a nearly normal rate and have as yet shown no evidence of deficient nutrition. Such quantities are not much larger than have heretofore been considered to be necessary when butter fat supplied the fat-soluble vitamine. A somewhat larger quantity of cabbage than of spinach leaves is needed to promote normal growth. It probably also contains the fat-soluble vitamine. Timothy, clover and alfalfa contain both vitamines, but further experiments are needed to establish the relative amounts of these. Tests of a large variety of tubers, stems, leaves and fruits are now in progress. If one may draw conclusions from the limited data at present available, it seems that the green vegetables and fodders are richer in vitamines than most of the staples like meats, potatoes, cereals, fats and sugar products, in the diet of man. Therefore they unquestionably contribute largely to the dietary need of the average person.