Tuberculosis Treatment Success Research Articles

Pulmonary tuberculosis and renal amyloidosis: A rare entity in children.

Amyloidosis is a group of disorders with extracellular accumulation of autologous fibrillary insoluble proteins in various tissues and organs such as the kidneys, liver, spleen, heart, and gastrointestinal tract leading to impaired function. Renal amyloidosis is usually considered to be a progressive disease manifesting as nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency with tuberculosis being one of the most common causes in adults. However, the occurrence of similar associations is rarely described in children. We report a case of an 11-year old girl who presented with nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary tuberculosis and attained disease remission with successful treatment of tuberculosis.

Longitudinal mitochondrial bioenergetic signatures of blood monocytes and lymphocytes improve during treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients Monocyte/lymphocyte bioenergetic signatures post-TB treatment

The impact of human pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on the bioenergetic metabolism of circulating immune cells remains elusive, as does the resolution of these effects with TB treatment. In this study, the rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis in circulating lymphocytes and monocytes of patients with drug-susceptible TB at diagnosis, 2 months, and 6 months during treatment, and 12 months after diagnosis were investigated using extracellular flux analysis. At diagnosis, the bioenergetic parameters of both blood lymphocytes and monocytes of TB patients were severely impaired in comparison to non-TB and non-HIV-infected controls. However, most bioenergetic parameters were not affected by HIV status or glycemic index. Treatment of TB patients restored the % spare respiratory capacity (%SRC) of the circulating lymphocytes to that observed in non-TB and non-HIV infected controls by 12 months. Treatment also improved the maximal respiration of circulating lymphocytes and the %SRC of circulating monocytes of the TB patients. Notably, the differential correlation of the clinical and bioenergetic parameters of the monocytes and lymphocytes from the controls and TB patients at baseline and month 12 was consistent with improved metabolic health and resolution of inflammation following successful TB treatment. Network analysis of the bioenergetic parameters of circulating immune cells with serum cytokine levels indicated a highly coordinated immune response at month 6. These findings underscore the importance of metabolic health in combating TB, supporting the need for further investigation of the bioenergetic immunometabolism associated with TB infection for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at bolstering cellular energetics to enhance immune responses and expedite recovery in TB patients.

Identifying Predictors of Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes in Tuberculosis Patients

Objectives: In South Korea, there has been a continuous decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) attributable to a national TB elimination program; however, TB still poses a significant socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with successful TB treatment and to identify refractory patient groups with unfavorable outcomes. Methods: We analyzed anonymized data on 89,150 patients with TB provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Specifically, we collected independent variables, which were categorized as individual, regional, and medical facility factors. Individual factors included age, sex, nationality, TB type, drug-resistant status, category of TB, housing type, underlying disease status, number of referrals, and smoking status. Regional factors referred to the region where the TB case was reported. Medical facility factors included the first visit to a medical facility, categorized by hospital type and the distinction between private–public mix (PPM) and non-PPM depending on the presence or absence of dedicated TB nurses. These factors were analyzed in relation to treatment success to identify refractory patient groups with unfavorable outcomes. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following significant factors associated with successful TB treatment: sex, nationality, status of drug-resistant TB, category of TB, number of referrals, region of TB registry, underlying diseases, and smoking status. Specifically, compared with their relevant counterparts, male patients had a lower rate of successful treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.66, reference [Ref.]: women); Korean nationals had a higher rate of treatment success (aOR: 7.20, Ref. foreign residents in Korea); resistant TB was associated with a lower rate of treatment success (aOR: 0.35, Ref.: non-resistant TB status); newly treated patients had a higher rate of treatment success (aOR: 1.75, Ref.: retreatment patient); switching hospitals once (aOR: 1.78), never (aOR: 1.41), or twice (aOR: 1.37) was associated with increased treatment success (Ref.: three or more times); having zero (aOR: 1.45), one (aOR: 1.31), or two (aOR: 1.24) underlying diseases was associated with a higher rate of treatment success (Ref. three or more underlying diseases); and past smokers (aOR: 1.40) and non-smokers (aOR: 1.35) had a higher rate of treatment success (Ref.: current smokers). Conclusions: Our study identified several factors contributing to unfavorable treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients, including male patients, foreign residents in Korea, drug-resistant TB, retreatment patients, frequent hospital switching, multiple underlying diseases, and current smoking status. These research findings could inform the development of efficient management strategies and policies for improving the treatment success rate among patients with TB.

Exploring the Impact of Social Support on Tuberculosis Treatment: A Thematic Review

Aims: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical global health issue, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality rates. Recent research highlights the potential of social support interventions to enhance TB treatment outcomes and improve patient quality of life. This study examines the positive effects of social support interventions on TB patients throughout their treatment process. Method: Utilizing a traditional review approach, this study applies thematic analysis to synthesize findings from the literature. The review encompasses 17 articles selected from reputable databases, including PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, based on predefined inclusion criteria. These articles underwent quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. The PRISMA flowchart provided transparency in the selection process. Results: Key themes identified through the analysis include treatment adherence, psychological well-being, motivation to recover, health-related quality of life, prevention of TB transmission, successful TB treatment, and self-efficacy to recover. Conclusion: The findings suggest that social support interventions can play a crucial role in addressing the persistent challenges of TB management globally.

Factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients at health facilities of Maseru, Lesotho.

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rates (TSR) remain low in Lesotho. The country achieved TSR of 76% in 2020, which is far below the World Health Organization's 95% target set for 2030. This study determined the level of treatment success and factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study used patient records to perform descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Sixty-one per cent of the 336 TB patients were male. Two hundred and eighty-nine had favourable outcomes, of which 10% died in the course of treatment. Patients ≤ 44 years old, and those with supported treatment, had lower odds of unfavourable treatment outcomes, respectively, adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19-0.78) and aOR = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08-0.62),p 0.05.Contribution:The death of patients while on TB treatment needs to be addressed, including heightened advocacy for supported treatment.

A predictive score for early in-patient tuberculosis mortality: A case-control study

IntroductionIn-hospital mortality rates for tuberculosis (TB) patients are high within the first seven days of admission. This study sought to identify predictors of early inpatient mortality and assess the performance of a predictive score for early mortality in a Ugandan tertiary hospital. Materials and methodsA case-control study was conducted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Cases included patients admitted with TB who died within seven days of admission, while controls survived beyond this period. Logistic regression was utilized to identify early mortality predictors. The performance of an adapted predictive score (PROS score) was evaluated, assigning scores based on the following criteria: Pulse rate >100 beats/min (1 point), Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min (2 points), Oxygen saturation <92 % (4 points), and Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (2 points). ResultsOf 602 hospitalized TB patients, 187 (31.0 %) died during admission. Among these, 78 (41.7 %) died within seven days. Wasting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.76, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.12–15.63, p = 0.001) and respiratory rate >20 breaths/min (aOR = 2.89, 95 % CI 1.19–7.00, p = 0.019) predicted early mortality. PROS score of ≥1 demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.8 % and negative predictive value of 90.0 %. The ultimate TB treatment success rate of all hospitalized patients (n = 599) was 47.4 % with 275 (45.9 %) dying during TB treatment. ConclusionEarly and long term mortality rates among hospitalized TB patients are high. Wasting and tachypnea predict early inpatient mortality. The PROS score could be useful in ruling out low-risk patients in low-resource settings.

Ecological-level factors associated with tuberculosis incidence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality, with the risk of infection affected by both individual and ecological-level factors. While systematic reviews on individual-level factors exist, there are currently limited studies examining ecological-level factors associated with TB incidence and mortality. This study was conducted to identify ecological factors associated with TB incidence and mortality. A systematic search for analytical studies reporting ecological factors associated with TB incidence or mortality was conducted across electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, from each database's inception to October 30, 2023. A narrative synthesis of evidence on factors associated with TB incidence and mortality from all included studies, alongside random-effects meta-analysis where applicable, estimated the effects of each factor on TB incidence. A total of 52 articles were included in the analysis, and one study analysed two outcomes, giving 53 studies. Narrative synthesis revealed predominantly positive associations between TB incidence and factors such as temperature (10/18 studies), precipitation (4/6), nitrogen dioxide (6/9), poverty (4/4), immigrant population (3/4), urban population (3/8), and male population (2/4). Conversely, air pressure (3/5), sunshine duration (3/8), altitude (2/4), gross domestic product (4/9), wealth index (2/8), and TB treatment success rate (2/2) mostly showed negative associations. Particulate matter (1/1), social deprivation (1/1), and population density (1/1) were positively associated with TB mortality, while household income (2/2) exhibited a negative association. In the meta-analysis, higher relative humidity (%) (relative risk (RR) = 1.45, 95%CI:1.12, 1.77), greater rainfall (mm) (RR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.02), elevated sulphur dioxide (μg m-3) (RR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01, 1.08), increased fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5) (μg/ m3) (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.49), and higher population density (people/km2) (RR = 1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02) were associated with increased TB incidence. Conversely, higher average wind speed (m/s) (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.82,0.96) was associated with decreased TB incidence. TB incidence and mortality rates were significantly associated with various climatic, socioeconomic, and air quality-related factors. Intersectoral collaboration across health, environment, housing, social welfare and economic sectors is imperative for developing integrated approaches that address the risk factors associated with TB incidence and mortality.

Patient delay, diagnosis delay, and treatment outcomes among migrant patients with tuberculosis in Shanghai, China, 2018-2020: a mixed-methods study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine patient delay, diagnosis delay and treatment performance among patients with tuberculosis (TB) in Shanghai, China in 2018–2020 focusing on disparities between migrant and local patients...

Factors related to self-care in Korean patients with tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in South Korea which has one of the highest TB incidence rates among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Effective self-care, including medication adherence and regular hospital visits, is crucial for successful TB treatment and the prevention of drug resistance. TB self-care in South Korea is influenced by cultural, social, and systemic factors. This study aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of factors influencing self-care among Korean patients with TB, providing evidence-based insights for developing effective self-care promotion programs. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, focusing on quantitative studies published since 2000 involving Korean patients with TB. Twenty studies were included in the final analysis, and 44 factors related to self-care were categorized into sociodemographic, TB-related, psychological, environmental, and educational characteristics. Effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 4.0, with the assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. The meta-analysis ranked the effect sizes of the different characteristic categories as follows: environmental > educational > psychological. Among the individual factors, social support had the greatest influence on self-care, followed by quality of life, self-efficacy, nonfamily support, family support, and perceived health benefits. These findings underscore the critical role of sustained social support from the community, medical staff, and family in enhancing self-care among TB patients. Effective self-care strategies for patients with TB should focus on interventions that strengthen the environmental, educational, and psychological aspects. These findings suggest that similar approaches can be applied in other countries facing comparable healthcare challenges. This study acknowledges limitations including potential publication bias and the exclusion of older studies and non-Korean patient studies, highlighting the need for further research across diverse settings and populations.

Effect of missed clinic visits on treatment outcomes among people with tuberculosis: a quasi-experimental study utilizing instrumental variable analysis

ObjectivesMissed clinic visits disrupt the continuity of care and potentially impact tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes negatively. We evaluated the effect of missed clinic visits on mortality and treatment success among people with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in rural eastern Uganda. MethodsUsing routine TB clinic data, we designed a quasi-experimental study and used instrumental variable analysis to estimate a cause-effect. The exposure was one or more missed clinic visit(s), the instrumental variable was patient residence in the same sub-county as the TB clinic, and the outcomes were mortality and treatment success. We performed a two-stage least squares logistic regression for causal analysis and reported the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsOf 762 participants with similar baseline characteristics, 186 (24.4%) missed ≥1 clinic visit(s), 342 (44.9%) resided in the same sub-county as the TB clinic, 61 (8.0%) had died, and 687 (90.2%) were successfully treated for TB. Missed clinic visits increased mortality (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.36-6.13) and reduced TB treatment success (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.82). ConclusionsMissed clinic visits increase mortality and negatively impact treatment success among people with TB. The reasons for missed clinic visits should be identified and tackled through context-specific measures.

Family Support Pattern for Treatment Adherence Among Tuberculosis Patients in Deli Serdang Regency : A Qualitative Study

In Indonesia, 50% of tuberculosis (TB) treatments are discontinued prematurely. The success of TB treatment depends on patient adherence to completing the treatment. Family support is crucial in enhancing TB patient adherence, particularly regarding emotional and appreciation support. This study aims to explore the complexity of family support to TB patient adherence in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This qualitative study employed participatory observation and in-depth interviews with TB patients and their family members. The research was conducted from February to April 2024 in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Informants included 10 TB patients and 16 family members, selected purposively based on data from the public health center and the TB Program Holder. The researcher was the primary instrument of the study, focusing on two dimensions of family support: emotional and appreciation. Data validity was checked through credibility testing, including triangulation. The study findings indicate that family emotional support is reflected in expressions of empathy and caring. Sadness is evident from family members’ tears upon learning that a relative tested positive for TB. Family support is shown by accompanying TB patients to the health center and reminding them to take treatment. Appreciation support is demonstrated by valuing the patient’s treatment process. Family members encourage and motivate the patient to adhere to the treatment. Emotional and appreciation support from family plays a significant role in TB patient adherence to treatment. Families can significantly contribute to the success of TB treatment by demonstrating empathy, caring, and appreciation for the patient.

The Impact Of Clients' Knowledge On Compliance With Anti-Tuberculosis Medication At Home

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, namely acid-fast bacteria. Successful treatment of patients with tuberculosis (TB) is a problem in today's society. One of the reasons for the increase in pulmonary TB cases is the low level of education of sufferers. One of the causes of failure of tuberculosis treatment therapy is the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) which can affect the adherence to medication in tuberculosis patients. The success of TB treatment is compliance in taking anti-tuberculosis medication at the prescribed dose. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between clients' knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis and compliance with taking anti-pulmonary tuberculosis medication at Harapan Pematang Siantar Hospital. This research was conducted at Harapan Pematangsiantar Hospital in May 2023. This type of research is descriptive quantitative correlational with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with the Gutman scale. The population of this study was all outpatient clinic patients at Harapan Pematang Siantar Hospital in October-December 2022. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, namely 58 respondents who came in May 2023. Statistical test results used the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05) shows the p value = 0.001, meaning that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of tuberculosis clients and compliance with taking anti-tuberculosis medication at Harapan Pematang Siantar Hospital in 2023

Determinant of Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in UPT Puskesmas Singosari Working Areas in 2020-2022

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries that contribute the most mortality of Tuberculosis (TB) in the world. The tuberculosis treatment success rate in Indonesia is 86% which is still far from the target coverage of the TB treatment success rate (90%). This study was conducted to determine the determinant factors associated with successful TB treatment in Puskesmas Singosari.Methods: A cross-sectional design study was constructed for this study and used SITB including form TB as a research instrument. The population of this study were all drug-sensitive TB patients who had completed treatment at the Puskesmas Singosari in 2020, 2021, and QI-QII in 2022. The sample of this study was 71 people from 99 total population. The dependent variable is the success of drug-sensitive TB treatment. Independent variables are sex, age, weight, regular use of anti-tuberculosis drugs, and comorbidities. The data processing and analysis are being conducted using SPSS software.Result: Chi-square analysis showed that the variable weight changes has a significant relation to successful tuberculosis treatment (p = 0.014; OR = 9.818). This study found that the mean weight gain in patients who succeeded in TB treatment was approximately 2.19 kg.Conclusion : Puskesmas Singosari's TB Team can collaborate with the nutritionist team to optimize TB treatment through monitoring the nutritional status and weight gain of drug-sensitive TB patients.

Initiation of Increasing Tuberculosis Medication Supervisors Roles: An Action Research Approach

Indonesia is ranked second in the number of Tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide. TB patients and their families experience a complex burden. Hence, support and strengthening TB medication supervisors (Pengawas Minum Obat/ PMO) role is needed. The aim of this study was to enhance the Community Health Center (CHC)-based PMOs’ role by improving their knowledge and strengthening peer group support. The method used was an action research cycle with four stages. The diagnosis stage was carried out by consensus decision making group with CHC to determine priority problems, namely the need to increase basic knowledge of TB and its treatment. Optimizing peer group was also necessary, as the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 showed that more PMOs from patient families have psychological problems than cadres. The planning stage was conducted by preparing educational sessions and creating educational media. The action stage was a quasi-experimental (without control, non-randomization)—an educational talk show provided by the TB program manager, pulmonologist, and psychiatrist. Peer groups are also activated by triggering shared media education and discussion. At the evaluation stage, knowledge was measured by giving pre and post-tests (n= 21, total sampling). The results of the analysis using the Wilcoxon's Signed Ranks Test showed that participants' knowledge had increased significantly (p=0.000; r=0.59). In conclusion, education can increase PMO knowledge as an initial step to strengthen their role in supporting the success of TB treatment. Innovation, cross-sector assistance, and support are needed to enable the PMO to succeed in the TB program.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in 49 high burden countries

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted tuberculosis (TB) health services, including treatment support and access to drugs, as patients were not able to access health facilities. While the effect of this disruption on treatment outcomes has been studied in isolated treatment centres, cities and provinces, the impact of the pandemic on TB treatment outcomes at a country and regional level has not been evaluated.MethodsWe used treatment outcomes for new and relapse TB cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from 49 high TB, TB/HIV and drug-resistant TB burden countries from 2012 to 2019. We developed multinomial logistic regression models for trends in TB treatment success, failure, death and loss to follow up. We predicted TB treatment outcomes for 2020 and 2021, comparing these to observations, by computing ratios between observed and predicted probabilities. We aggregated these risk ratios (RR) for six WHO-defined regions using random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsAcross 49 countries and four TB treatment outcomes, 17 (out of 196) country-outcome pairs in 2020 and 21 in 2021 had evidence of systematic differences between observed and predicted TB treatment outcome probabilities. Regionally, only four (out of 24) region-outcome pairs had evidence of systematic differences in 2020 and four in 2021, where the European region accounted for four of these in total. Globally, there was evidence of systematic differences in treatment failure in both 2020 (RR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.01–1.28, p = 0.0381) and 2021 (RR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.03–1.78, p = 0.0277), deaths in 2020 (RR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03–1.13, p = 0.0010) and losses to follow up in 2020 (RR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 0.0059).ConclusionsWhile for some countries and regions there were significant differences between observed and predicted treatment outcomes probabilities, there was insufficient evidence globally to identify systematic differences between observed and expected TB treatment outcome probabilities because of COVID-19-associated disruptions in general. However, larger numbers of treatment failures and deaths on treatment than expected were observed globally, suggesting a need for further investigation.

Hubungan Peran Keluarga Dengan Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberculosis Paru Pada Anak Pra-Sekolah Di Rumah Sakit Wilayah Bogor

Introduction: Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an infectious disease and is latent. Nearly 40% of children with pulmonary Tuberculosis are transmitted by their families. Pulmonary Tuberculosis can develop into miliary Tuberculosis or meningitis. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional quantitative descriptive method, with a correlation type. The sampling technique used was total sampling, namely patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in preschool children at the Bogor Regional Hospital totaling 30 respondents. The instruments used were family role questionnaire sheets based on Friedman's theory (questionnaire of medical outcomes study, social support survey) and a questionnaire on the success rate of pulmonary Tuberculosis treatment. The dependent and independent variables in this study are the role of the family and the success rate of pulmonary Tuberculosis treatment in preschool children. Results: It was found that the role of a good family with the highest number was 19 respondents (63.3%), and the success of pulmonary Tuberculosis treatment was in the complete category of 26 respondents (86.7%). The results of the Correlation Test for the p-value were 0,012 (&lt; 0,05). Discussion: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the role of the family and the success of pulmonary Tuberculosis treatment in preschool children at Bogor Regional Hospital.

Impact of HIV coinfection on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesDespite the implementation of a short-term direct observation treatment programme, HIV coinfection is one of the main determinants of tuberculosis (TB) treatment success. This meta-analysis was conducted to report the...

Depression among Tuberculosis Patients and its Association with Medication Adherence of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Literature Review

Introduction: Tuberculosis or known as TBC is one of communicable disease that caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is the major of public health problem due to it can spread easily from the patients to the healthy people by air transmission. In order to stop the transmission and improve the health status of the community, treatment is needed for patients with tuberculosis. But, almost people with tuberculosis patients had poor treatment and the factor that contribute to their adherence is depression. Depression and tuberculosis are frequently coexisting in individuals. Depression lead them having negative perception about the treatment and get misconceptions about TB disease. Therefore, most of tuberculosis patients with depression are having lower level of medication adherence. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the association between depression among tuberculosis patients with medication adherence of anti-tuberculosis. Method:.This study uses the literature review method to review the results of research that has been published by previous researchers. The literature sources obtained were the results of searches from three online databases, namely Google scholars, Pubmed, and Scopus. which published in the range of 2018-2024. Result: Depression was significantly associated with medication adherence among people who had tuberculosis Conclusion: Depression appears to be a strong risk factor for treatment failure and default in these people with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and is associated with poor treatment outcome despite successful tuberculosis treatment. This could be happened because of long period time that needed to consume the treatment and complexity of the drug regimen.

Rapid decrease in IL-1Ra and IP-10 plasma levels following tuberculosis treatment initiation

ObjectivesMonitoring tools that could provide quick predictions of tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes are urgently needed. Here, we assessed whether the evolution of selected biomarkers of innate immunity may help monitoring TB treatment response within 2 weeks of treatment initiation. MethodsANRS12394-LILAC-TB was a proof-of-concept prospective study: adults with a rifampicin-susceptible TB who are HIV-negative and HIV-infected documented by a positive Xpert MTB/RIF test were enrolled in Cambodia and Côte d'Ivoire. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interferon-γ–induced protein-10 and clusters of differentiation (CD) (scavenging CD163) were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. A Wilcoxon test for paired data was used for longitudinal comparisons. ResultsA total of 55 patients were enrolled (women: 31%, median age: 37 years; median CD4 count in the 10 of 13 participants with HIV: 53 cells/mm3). Overall, 83% were considered in TB treatment success. Compared with baseline, the IL-1Ra plasma levels significantly decreased as soon as week (W) 1, independent of HIV status (−71% in HIV-positive vs −33% in HIV-negative; P <0.001). The IP-10 plasma levels significantly decreased at W1 and W2 compared with baseline (P <0.0001); however, that decrease was less marked in participants with HIV. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that measuring IL-1Ra plasma levels with a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique at baseline and then 1 week after TB treatment onset could help clinicians to quickly assess TB treatment response.

Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis cases by HIV status in Haramaya General Hospital, Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection pose significant challenges to global health, particularly in achieving the target of ending TB. However, the impact of HIV status on TB treatment outcomes remains unclear, especially in eastern Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of TB cases by HIV status and associated factors in Haramaya General Hospital from November 15 to December 30, 2022. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, reviewing the TB registry and treatment cards of patients who received anti-TB treatment between September 2017 and August 2022. Of the 420 samples addressed, 91.0% (95% CI: 88.3%-96.7%) of all TB patients had successful treatment outcomes. The treatment success rates of HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB patients were 80.0% and 91.9%, respectively. Being HIV-negative (AOR: 2.561, 95% CI: 1.002-6.542), being in the age group of 20 to 35 years (AOR: 2.950, 95% CI: 1.171-7.431), and urban residence (AOR: 2.961, 95% CI: 1.466-5.981) were associated with the TB treatment success rate. There was a high treatment success rate among all patients with TB. HIV status was associated with TB treatment outcomes. Strengthening TB-HIV collaborative activities, providing patient-centered care and support, and frequent monitoring and evaluation are recommended to improve the TB success rate.