Cases Of Tuberculosis Meningitis Research Articles

A fresh look at an old vaccine: Does BCG have a role in 21st Century Canada?

Introduction. In Canada, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is now primarily given to First Nations and Inuit (FNI) neonates living in tuberculosis (TB) endemic areas. With declining TB rates, attention has shifted from the protective effects of BCG to reports of serious vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAE). Methods. Surveillance data were reviewed to assess TB burden and trends, BCG coverage, and VAAE among FNI people in the 1990s. Results. TB among FNI people living on reserve was 25 times higher than the Canadian-born, non-Aboriginal rate between 1997 and 2000. Paediatric TB rates declined from 149 per 100,000 in 1990 to 23 per 100,000 in 2000, with one case of TB meningitis and one TB fatality (due to congenital TB) reported in the 0–4 age group. Nine cases of disseminated BCG infection occurred in a 21-year period among children with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. The estimated rate of disseminated BCG infection was 205 per 1,000,000 (95% CI 62 - 678). Discussion. BCG provides protection against severe forms of childhood TB. However, in a country with publicly funded health care and declining TB rates, it is important to consider VAAE. Disseminated BCG infection increases mortality among children with immunodeficiency disorders, which now have successful therapies. Although TB remains a threat in FNI communities, early detection and treatment of TB infection may be a more appropriate intervention.

Gallium-67 Citrate Scan in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Whole-body gallium scan was performed to evaluate the usefulness of gallium scan for detecting extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) lesions. Thirty-seven patients with extrapulmonary TB were included in this study. Four patients were found to have two lesions. Totally, 41 lesions were identified, including 19 TB arthritis, 8 spinal TB, 5 TB meningitis, 3 TB lymphadenopathy, 2 TB pericarditis, 1 TB peritonitis, 1 intestinal TB, 1 skin TB and 1 renal TB. Of the 41 extrapulmonary TB lesions, gallium scan detected 32 lesions with a sensitivity of 78%. All the patients with TB meningitis showed negative gallium scan. When the five cases of TB meningitis were excluded, the detection sensitivity of gallium scan increased to 88.9% (32/36). Our data revealed that gallium scan is a convenient and useful method for evaluating extrapulmonary TB lesions other than TB meningitis. We suggest that gallium scan be included in the clinical routine for patients with suspected extrapulmonary TB.

Gallium-67 Citrate Scan in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Summary Aim: Whole-body gallium scan was performed to evaluate the usefulness of gallium scan for detecting extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) lesions. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with extrapulmonary TB were included in this study. Four patients were found to have two lesions. Totally, 41 lesions were identified, including 19 TB arthritis, 8 spinal TB, 5 TB meningitis, 3 TB lymphadenopathy, 2 TB pericarditis, 1 TB peritonitis, 1 intestinal TB, 1 skin TB and 1 renal TB. Results: Of the 41 extrapulmonary TB lesions, gallium scan detected 32 lesions with a sensitivity of 78%. All the patients with TB meningitis showed negative gallium scan. When the five cases of TB meningitis were excluded, the detection sensitivity of gallium scan increased to 88.9% (32/36). Conclusion: Our data revealed that gallium scan is a convenient and useful method for evaluating extrapulmonary TB lesions other than TB meningitis. We suggest that gallium scan be included in the clinical routine for patients with suspected extrapulmonary TB.