Tuberculosis In Australia Research Articles

Beating the Odds in a Big Country: The Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in Australia

Beating the Odds in a Big Country: The Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in Australia

Genetic differentiation of Australian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

As part of an epidemiological study of tuberculosis in Australia, 84 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates were genetically heterogeneous, with 66 different DNA banding patterns obtained following digestion of genomic DNA with Dra1 and 53 patterns with Xba1. When the results were compared with those previously obtained in restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP), in 87% of cases the results with Dra1 were consistent with those obtained with insertion sequence IS6110 as a probe in RFLP. However, PFGE was able to differentiate four of eight isolates which were identical with IS6110 typing. The high polymorphism amongst strains and the high average age of the patients (51 years) suggested that most organisms were cultured from patients who had reactivation of existing infections. Isolates with identical DNA patterns were found in different states of Australia, but no one strain predominated in any area. This suggests that tuberculosis has been introduced into Australia from various sources.

Prevalence of tuberculosis infection among primary school‐entry children in Sydney

A cross-sectional survey of 2044 Year I children enrolled in 24 primary schools was performed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection. Of the 2044 children, 1458 (71 per cent) were Mantoux-tested and 1452 Mantoux reactions were read. Of the total, 6.5 per cent were Mantoux-positive; 17.8 per cent of overseas-born children and 2.8 per cent of Australian-born children were Mantoux-positive (relative risk for overseas-born 6.9, 95 per cent confidence interval 4.2 to 9.6). In the areas of Sydney where the study was conducted, there is a high prevalence of TB infection (non-contagious) among overseas-born children in the five- to seven-year age group. This indicates that there may be a large pool of infected children, a proportion of whom are at risk of developing active (contagious) adult-type TB in the future. These data, with other published data on TB infection rates in other age groups, can contribute to the estimation of the size of the infected pool in Australia to allow rational decisions regarding control of TB in Australia, including the possibility of introducing Mantoux screening and preventive therapy programs for high-risk groups.

What we should be doing about tuberculosis in Australia: Tuberculosis will not go away if we reduce funding or fragment our efforts

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 164, Issue 2 p. 62-63 Editorial What we should be doing about tuberculosis in Australia: Tuberculosis will not go away if we reduce funding or fragment our efforts Brian Dwyer, Brian Dwyer Medical Microbiologist, Royal Darwin Hospital, NTSearch for more papers by this author Brian Dwyer, Brian Dwyer Medical Microbiologist, Royal Darwin Hospital, NTSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1996 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb101348.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume164, Issue2January 1996Pages 62-63 RelatedInformation

The epidemiology, mortality and morbidity of tuberculosis in Australia: 1850-94.

The review covers the four major changes in the history of tuberculosis in Australia from 1850 to 1994. During the first 100 years there was no significant effective treatment. Mass miniature radiological chest screening and effective bacteriological examination of World War II army recruits resulted in reliable diagnosis. The Australian Tuberculosis Campaign 1948-76 utilized the army experience for detection, and the use of specific treatment virtually eliminated the disease. Failure to maintain strict screening of high-risk groups, especially immigrants, has led to a resurgence of tuberculosis as shown by an increase in notifications in adults and prevalence rates in secondary school children.

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 163, Issue 1 p. 50-50 Letter Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia Gregory J Stewart, Gregory J Stewart Director of Public Health Unit South Western Sydney Area Health Service, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Mail Bag No. 17, Liverpool, NSW, 2170Search for more papers by this authorMitchell M Smith, Mitchell M Smith Refugee Screening Medical Officer South Western Sydney Area Health Service, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Mail Bag No. 17, Liverpool, NSW, 2170Search for more papers by this author Gregory J Stewart, Gregory J Stewart Director of Public Health Unit South Western Sydney Area Health Service, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Mail Bag No. 17, Liverpool, NSW, 2170Search for more papers by this authorMitchell M Smith, Mitchell M Smith Refugee Screening Medical Officer South Western Sydney Area Health Service, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Mail Bag No. 17, Liverpool, NSW, 2170Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1995 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126096.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume163, Issue1July 1995Pages 50-50 RelatedInformation

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Tuberculosis in Australia, 1989-1992. Bacteriologically confirmed cases and drug resistance.

To collate statistics, including drug susceptibility, of patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis in Australia during 1989-1992. Collaborative project among the five Australian mycobacterial reference laboratories. 2509 Australian residents with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. Patient and specimen data, and drug susceptibility results recorded for isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. The annual incidence during 1989-1992 was about 3.6 per 100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 and about half the patients were under 50. Older men had high rates of disease. Lymphatic disease was significantly more common in females; the converse was true for pulmonary and pleural disease. Resistance to at least one of the common antituberculosis drugs was detected in 14.4% of isolates, and usually involved streptomycin (7.6%) and isoniazid (8.4%). Fewer than 1% of isolates were resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin in combination. By international standards, Australia remains a "low-incidence" country for tuberculosis, with a static annual incidence. Multiple drug resistance is uncommon and most patients should respond to the standard four-drug regimen. Nevertheless, because clinical data confirm that the pool of infected persons is being supplemented through immigration, and that certain population subgroups have high rates of disease, it is essential that Australia maintain effective control programs.

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Control and elimination of tuberculosis in Australia

Bovine tuberculosis control and eradication programs in Australia and New Zealand

This paper reviews the current and future programs for control of bovine tuberculosis in Australia and New Zealand. The paper highlights the similarities between the approach taken in these countries and compares and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of these campaigns. The successful Australian campaign was based on a sound technical program, with good cattle control and strong industry support. In contrast, the presence of a significant wildlife reservoir (brushtail possum) of Mycobacterium bovis in New Zealand has hindered the eradication of bovine tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis in Australia

Tuberculosis in Australia

History of tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

History of tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

Book Review: History of Tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

Book Review: History of Tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

Tuberculosis in Australia

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 156, Issue 8 p. 582-582 Letter to the Editor Tuberculosis in Australia Cyril Evans MB BS, DTM, FRCP, FRACP, FRACMA, Cyril Evans MB BS, DTM, FRCP, FRACP, FRACMA 57 Ambalindum Street, Hawker, ACT, 2614Search for more papers by this author Cyril Evans MB BS, DTM, FRCP, FRACP, FRACMA, Cyril Evans MB BS, DTM, FRCP, FRACP, FRACMA 57 Ambalindum Street, Hawker, ACT, 2614Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 April 1992 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb121436.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume156, Issue8April 1992Pages 582-582 RelatedInformation

Tuberculosis in Australia — a forgotten disease

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 156, Issue 4 p. 230-232 Leading Article Tuberculosis in Australia — a forgotten disease Gwyn Howells, Gwyn Howells CanberraSearch for more papers by this author Gwyn Howells, Gwyn Howells CanberraSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 1992 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb139737.xCitations: 20AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume156, Issue4February 1992Pages 230-232 RelatedInformation

History of Tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

History of Tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:MEMOIRS OF DR ROBERT SCOT SKIRVING, 1859–1956 Edited by A. Macintosh.HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA Edited by A J Proust.

Tuberculosis in australia: An analysis of cases identified in reference laboratories in 1986-88

The Special Interest Group in Mycobacteria within the Australian Society for Microbiology has carried out a collaborative study of cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in Australian reference laboratories in the years 1986, 1987 and 1988. Annual totals of 574, 584 and 613 respectively, suggest that the incidence of bacteriologically-positive tuberculosis is continuing at 3-4 cases per 100,000 population. The highest rates were detected in males over 50 and females over 65 years of age. Three-quarters of the total cases relate to pulmonary disease. Resistance to at least 1 anti-tuberculosis drug was detected in 78 (12.7%) of isolates tested in 1988. The negligible decline in incidence of tuberculosis in Australia, the high prevalence in S.E. Asian countries, and the fact that HIV-infection is an important risk factor, make it imperative that Australia's diagnostic and management programmes be maintained.

Tuberculosis in Australia: an unfinished fight

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 154, Issue 2 p. 75-76 Leading Article Tuberculosis in Australia: an unfinished fight David J Dawson, David J Dawson Senior Scientist Tuberculosis Section, State Health Laboratory, BrisbaneSearch for more papers by this author David J Dawson, David J Dawson Senior Scientist Tuberculosis Section, State Health Laboratory, BrisbaneSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1991 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb120983.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume154, Issue2January 1991Pages 75-76 RelatedInformation