Tuberculosis Abscess Research Articles

Disseminated Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Rare Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenge

Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a rare and life-threatening form of TB, particularly when it occurs in immunocompetent individuals. A 52-year-old diabetic male presented with tachypnea, tachycardia, and chronic low back pain. Comprehensive imaging revealed pulmonary involvement, lumbosacral vertebral destruction (L5-S1), genitourinary TB, hepatitis, and psoas abscesses. Ultrasound-guided drainage and CB-NAAT analysis confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Given the patient's deranged liver function tests, a modified antitubercular therapy regimen, including levofloxacin, amikacin, and ethambutol, was administered. The patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement, with resolution of symptoms and normalization of liver function on follow-up. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of disseminated TB in immunocompetent patients, highlighting the importance of early detection and individualized treatment. Further research is needed to develop standardized treatment protocols, particularly for cases involving multi-organ involvement and liver dysfunction.

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients.

Spinal tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of innovative treatment strategies. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic debridement as a minimally invasive approach for treating paravertebral abscesses in patients with spinal tuberculosis. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with paravertebral tuberculosis abscesses were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were assigned to two groups: the endoscopic debridement group (n = 30) and the conventional open surgery group (n = 22), based on the type of surgery they received. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up visits at regular intervals, including surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay duration, pain relief, and neurological improvement. The results of this study demonstrate that endoscopic debridement is a highly effective treatment for paravertebral abscesses in patients with spinal TB. Patients in the endoscopic debridement group experienced significant improvements in surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay duration, pain relief, and neurological improvement compared to those in the conventional open surgery group. Additionally, the endoscopic approach resulted in fewer complications, such as wound infections and postoperative instability, with no cases of recurrence observed during the follow-up period. Therefore, this clinical study highlights the potential of endoscopic debridement as a safe and effective treatment modality for spinal tuberculosis. The technique not only effectively eliminates infected tissue but also ensures faster patient recovery and reduces postoperative complications. Additional research and long-term follow-up studies are necessary to confirm the long-term effectiveness and safety of endoscopic debridement as the standard treatment for spinal tuberculosis.

Lung Abscess Located in Lesion of Lung Tumor and Multiple Cavities due to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Introduction: People with tuberculosis (TB) have an increased risk of pulmonary cancer. They are also disproportionately affected by risk factors like immune suppression, smoking, and alcohol misuse. A lung tumor is reported to have occurred after an episode of TB, but we reported a patient with a lung tumor with co-infection TB and lung abscess at the same time. Case: A 73-year-old man was hospitalized at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, with a 3-day history of bloody cough 2-3 times a day, 1-2 tablespoons estimated by the patient for blood from the cough. The patient had a cough with white phlegm in the last 4 months before the bloody cough. The patient also had a fever, night sweats, a limp body, decreased appetite for 6 months, and decreased body weight by 15 kg in the last year. Heterogenic consolidation on the superior lobe of the lung with prominence compression and irregular boundaries in the apex was found. We found an air bronchogram and multiple cavities with air-fluid levels inside the lesion. We also found a satellite nodule in the inferior lung and a mass connected with the chest wall. GeneXpert showed low detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was diagnosed with a left lung abscess, pulmonary TB, left lung tumor T4N2M1a, unspecified type of tumor stage IVA PS2, and osteoporosis. Conclusion: Lung tumors could also be diagnosed with co-infection TB. Proper diagnosis to make sure cancer and TB are co-infected is necessary. Therefore, it will not be just a single disease that is treated.

A Large Tuberculous Abscess Mimicking an Abdomino-pelvic Cystic Mass: A Case Report

Introduction: Tuberculosis can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract or the peritoneum and is the sixth most frequent site of extrapulmonary involvement. The pseudotumoral form is relatively rare and several predisposing factors are mentioned, a significant differential diagnostic problem with malignant tumor pathology is exposed , often considered first when encountering an abdominal or pelvic mass in the context of overall deterioration. Presentation of case: We report a rare case of a huge retroperitoneal TB abscess mimicking an abdomino-pelvic cystic mass. Discussion: Abdominal tuberculosis represents 1 to 2% of all locations and 31 to 58% of abdominal locations. The pseudotumoral form is relatively rare and are uncommon in immunocompetent patients. Tuberculosis abscess can present with variable radiologic features. It is difficult to differentiate it from malignant pathologies. Invasive explorations, such as laparoscopy or laparotomy, play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis. Peritoneal cavity exploration may reveal whitish granulations, peritoneal nodules, peritoneal hyperemia, filamentous peritoneal adhesions, and intestinal adhesions. Histological examination of biopsies are the key to the diagnosis. The treatment of peritoneal tuberculosis relies on a combined therapy of antitubercular drugs . Conclusion: As TB remains endemic in our country and with the continued increase in multidrug-resistant TB infections, it is important to know various presentations and diagnosis forms features of extrapulmonary TB including TB abscess as the treatment remains basically the same combining anti-tuberculosis drugs and the recourse to surgery.

Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculous Meningitis in Children- an Update

UPDATE ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN: Ronald van Toorn, Regan Solomons Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2014, Pages 12-18 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most devastating manifestation of tuberculosis, is often missed or overlooked because of nonspecific symptoms and difficulties in diagnosis. It continues to be an important cause of neurologic handicap in resource-poor countries. Owing to the suboptimal performance of diagnostic tests of TBM, diagnosis relies on thorough history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations. The development of affordable, accurate diagnostic tests for TBM in resource-poor settings remains a priority. Short intensified treatment is safe and effective in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected children. Treatment of tuberculous hydrocephalus depends on the level of the cerebrospinal fluid obstruction. Corticosteroids reduce risk of neurodisability and death in HIV-uninfected children. Thalidomide should be considered in children compromised by tuberculosis abscesses and tuberculous-related optochiasmic arachnoiditis. In resource-poor countries, home-based TBM treatment after initial in-hospital stabilization is feasible in carefully selected patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of TBM is the single most important factor determining outcome.

Pyo pneumothorax revealing splenic tuberculosis abscess in a COVID-19 femmal: A case report.

Splenic tuberculosis (ST) is an uncommon entity, especially in an immunocompetent patient. Therefore, diagnosis delays may be seen and can lead to fatal complications. We report a 37-year-old female with no medical history who presented to the emergency with a spontaneous left pyo pneumothorax. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of COVID-19 was positive. Chest and abdominal Computed Tomography showed a ruptured splenic abscess with left pyopneumothorax. The diagnosis of splenic abscess with pleural fistulization was strongly suspected. Emergency surgery was decided for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. A left video thoracoscopy and splenectomy was performed. After histopathological examination, the diagnosis of ST ruptured in the pleural cavity was confirmed. The patient had a stable recovery and completed a 9-months regimen of anti-tuberculosis medications. ST has no characteristic symptoms and diagnosis may be delayed until life-threatening complications arise. Pyopneumoyhorax complicating ST is an exceptional evolution and rarely reported in the literature. In this case, the authors reported a ST discovered following respiratory signs related to an intrapleural splenic rupture in a young woman co-infection with COVID-19. ST is extremely rare and has no characteristic symptoms. The evolution is unpredictable and can lead to splenic rupture. This rupture can be intrathoracic making the diagnosis more difficult. • In areas where tuberculosis is prevalent, a splenic tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with fever of unknown origin and splenomegaly. • The diagnosis can be made later when complications occur as well as spontaneous rupture of the spleen. • Although rare, chest rupture can occur and symptoms can be respiratory as well as pyopneumothorax or empyema, which can lead to inaccurate diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of the an underlying condition.

Primary psoas tuberculosis abscess with an iliac bone lytic lesion: a case report

BackgroundPrimary psoas tuberculosis is the presence of “Koch’s bacillus’’ within the iliopsoas muscle caused by hematogenous or lymphatic seeding from a distant site. Muscular tuberculosis has relatively low prevalence in comparison with other cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which explains the difficulties in establishing the diagnosis.Case presentationIn this report, we present a challenging diagnostic case of primary psoas tuberculosis in a 38-year-old middle eastern female from southern Syria. The diagnosis was based on the clinical orientation, the observation of pulmonary lesions on the computed tomography scan, and the necrotic signs in the vicinity of the infected area. Despite the misleading primary false-negative results, the final diagnosis was reached after sufficient repetition of tuberculosis-specific testing. The patient was treated with isoniazid–rifampin–pyrazinamide–ethambutol for 2 months, then isoniazid and rifampin for 7 months, with full recovery in follow-up.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of a clinical-based approach in the treatment of patients with psoas abscesses, especially in areas with high tuberculosis prevalence.

Intraventricular tuberculosis abscess in an immunocompromised patient: clinical vignette.

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system is common and manifestations include meningeal and intraparenchymal diseases. However, intraventricular tuberculous abscess is a rare manifestation of intracranial tuberculous infection. We present a case of an immunocompromised female patient with high-grade fever and signs of meningism. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed hydrocephalus with rim-enhancing lesion in the right lateral ventricle. The MRI demonstrated a hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging, hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging, and mild restricted diffusion in diffusion-weighted imaging. She underwent emergency external ventricular drainage and frank pus was drained. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made via polymerase chain reaction analysis and culture. Understanding the intracranial manifestation of neurotuberculosis is imperative to arrive at the diagnosis correctly and ensure prompt treatment.

A 17-Year-old Boy With Nodular Lesions in the Thyroid and Lymphadenopathy.

A 17-Year-old Boy With Nodular Lesions in the Thyroid and Lymphadenopathy.

Single-stage posterior resection of the transversal process combined with an intervertebral foraminal approach for debridement, interbody fusion, internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis and psoas major abscess.

To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of the treatment for lumbar tuberculosis with psoas major abscess with single-stage posterior resection of the transversal process combined with an intervertebral foraminal approach for debridement, interbody fusion, internal fixation. Thisretrospectivestudy evaluated the clinical data of 24 patients (14 males and 10 females) with lumbar tuberculosis and psoas major abscess admitted to the Comprehensive Surgery from June 2016 to June 2019.All patients were treated with the single-stage posterior approach to remove the transverse process combined with the intervertebral foramina approach for debridement, interbody fusion, internal fixation. The quadruple anti-tuberculosis drug therapy was given both pre-operatively and post-operatively. Clinical symptoms and complications were investigated and recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), degree of lesion fusion C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated. The average follow-up period was 16. 5months (from 12 to 36months). The average VAS score at threemonths post-operation was significantly declined than the pre-operative VAS score [(2.17 ± 0.87) points vs (5.46 ± 1.22) points, t = - 11.534, P < 0.01)]. At the last follow-up, the neurological function of 20 patients recovered to grade E, whereas four patients were still in grade D. The ESR and CRP returned to normal levels in all patients. Bone fusion was achieved in nine cases at sixmonths, 11 cases at ninemonths, and four cases at 12months. The incisions of 23 patients had healed nicely without chronic sinus. Poor incision healing only happened in one case at the day 12 post-operation. The bone grafts among the lesions obtained bony fusion. Besides, there was no recurrence of tuberculosis, loosening or fracture of internal fixation during the follow-up. Single-stage posterior resection of the transversal process combined with an intervertebral foramina approach for debridement, interbody fusion, internal fixation is probably an effective and safe approach of the treatment for lumbar tuberculosis combined with psoas major abscess, producing few complications. This technique provides an alternative method for the surgical treatment of lumbar tuberculosis combined with psoas major abscess.

RARE FINDING OF TB MENINGITIS FOLLOWING INITIATION OF METHOTREXATE

SESSION TITLE: Medical Student/Resident Chest Infections Posters SESSION TYPE: Med Student/Res Case Rep Postr PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death in adults worldwide (3). Only 1% of patients with TB infection have CNS involvement and it is exceptionally rare in North America (1,2). Typical manifestations of CNS infection include meningitis, tuberculoma, or abscess (2). The most common presenting symptoms are fever, vomiting, headache, and altered consciousness (1,2). CNS infection can have devastating consequences such as hydrocephalus, brain tissue damage, and cerebral vasculitis (2). This is a case of TB meningitis in North America with both brain and iliopsoas TB abscess formation following initiation of methotrexate. CASE PRESENTATION: 75-year-old female presented to outside ER with weakness, fatigue, and vomiting. She was discharged home and instructed to stop methotrexate as her symptoms were an adverse reaction. Methotrexate was started four days earlier for polymyalgia rheumatica. Two days later she became difficult to arouse and minimally responsive. CT abdomen and pelvis showed rim-enhancing collection in the right iliacus with brain MRI showing scattered punctate lesions. Empiric antibiotics, pan culturing including CSF, and iliopsoas abscess drainage and culture was performed. CSF showed low glucose and high protein indicating bacterial infection. However, all cultures showed no growth. Patient continued to be non-responsive with increasing oxygen requirements. Bronchoscopy was performed as well as PET scan which showed increased uptake in left supraclavicular and mediastinal nodes. Lymph node biopsy showed caseating granulomatous inflammation. With these findings, spinal fluid from prior lumbar puncture was sent for mycobacterial culture and PCR. Family reported the patient’s husband had active tuberculosis 2 years prior and the patient was treated prophylactically with 4 months of rifampin. Ultimately, PCR of spinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage returned positive for TB. Mycobacterial cultures of CSF fluid and iliopsoas abscess fluid also grew TB. DISCUSSION: Tuberculosis meningitis is the most common CNS manifestation of tuberculosis infection (1,5). Prompt initiation of anti-tuberculosis drugs and corticosteroids is critical as these patients often have irreversible CNS damage (4,5). The unknown exposure history was a key factor in directing the diagnosis and initiation of treatment in this case. Our patient responded well to dexamethasone, rifampin, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin and ethambutol. However, her mentation never returned to baseline, showing the severity and devastation CNS TB. CONCLUSIONS: Ultimately the patient’s latent TB was likely activated by the immunosuppression from methotrexate. This is something to contemplate in any patient before starting an immune altering drug. TB should be considered in altered mental status with CSF signs of bacterial meningitis without growth on cultures. Reference #1: 1.Chin JH. Tuberculous meningitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Neurol Clin Pract. 2014;4(3):199–205. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000023 Reference #2: 2.Hamid Changal, K. (2014). Central Nervous System Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Review Article. Mycobacterial Diseases, 04(02). Reference #3: 3.WHO. Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines: 4th ed. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2010/9789241547833/en/index.html. Accessed May 12, 2019 4.Tuberculous meningitis. Garg RK. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010;122:75–90. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Muhammad Ahmed, source=Admin input No relevant relationships by Alyson Bundy, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Simon Meredith, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by karan Singh, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Rodney Steff, source=Web Response

Cerebral abscesses of tuberculosis origin: study of 8 cases at the University Hospital of Conakry

IntroductionTuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS) remains endemic in developing countries with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in imaging and treatment. The objective of our work was to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of this pathology in the context of a country with limited health resources.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively studied 8 cerebral tuberculosis abscess files, collected in the archives of the neurosurgery department of the Conakry University Hospital over a 5-year period (January 2013–December 2017). The diagnosis was made by scanning and by isolation of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by direct examination of pus.ResultsMean age was 33 years (9–56 years), sex, 5H 5 men/3F 3 women. History of pulmonary TB, 3 cases; TB contagious, 5 cases; TST ITR positive, 5 cases; associated visceral TB, 5 cases; HIV positive serology, 2 cases. The clinic was dominated by altered consciousness, 7 cases; focal signs, 7 cases; and fever, 5 cases. The site was hemispherical in 7 cases and one case in the posterior brain fossa. Treatment was medico-surgical in all patients. The evolution was favorable in 3 cases, the neurological sequelae in 3 cases, 2 cases of death, and 2 cases of recurrence.ConclusionCerebral tuberculous abscesses constitute a medico-surgical emergency. Despite their rarity, morbidity and mortality remains high in the context of developing countries due to diagnostic and therapeutic delays.

Radiologic-Histopathologic Correlation of Adult Spinal Tumors: A Retrospective Study.

Aim:Preoperatively performed magnetic resonance images (MRIs) are essential before treating spinal tumors surgically. This study aims to investigate the compatibility of MRI preliminary diagnosis and proven histopathologic diagnosis of consecutively operated 96 spinal tumors.Material and Methods:Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for all spinal tumors operated at our institute during a period of 6 years. One hundred and ten spinal tumors were detected. Fourteen tumors were excluded because they were not met our study criteria.Results:Ninety-six cases of spinal tumors were detected in 46 female and 50 male patients. The mean age was 49.3 ± 22.7 years. The most common symptom was radicular pain (88.6%). Histopathologic diagnoses were metastasis (n = 26), meningioma (n = 16), schwannoma (n = 15), ependymoma (n = 9), astrocytoma (n = 6), chronic nonspecific granulomatous infection (n = 4), lymphoma (n = 3), lipoma (n = 3), epidural tuberculosis abscess (Pott's disease) (n = 3), and other pathologies in 11 cases. Cervical spine was the less spinal region affected with metastases (P < 0.05). Thoracic spine was the most affected spinal region from meningioma (P < 0.05). Preoperatively, preliminary diagnosis on MRIs was proven with histopathologic examinations in 22 metastasis, 14 meningioma, 11 schwannoma, and all epidermoid cyst and lipoma cases. Despite the fact that MRI cannot diagnose all cases of spinal tumors, MRIs had a high accurate rate to diagnose the most common spinal neoplasms (69.8%).Conclusions:Metastases rarely occurred in cervical spine, whereas meningiomas were most likely to occur in thoracic spine. MRIs can help diagnose metastases and spinal benign lesions, whereas they failed to distinguish astrocytomas and lymphomas. Further prospective studies with large size are needed to support our results.

Pancreatic Tuberculosis Abscess Successfully Treated With Serial Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Aspirations.

Pancreatic Tuberculosis Abscess Successfully Treated With Serial Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Aspirations.

Profile of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children

ObjectiveTo determine clinical profile of osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) in children. MethodsCross-sectional analysis from 2007 to 2013. All patients diagnosed with bone TB, spinal TB or TB abscesses were included. ResultsOut of 1318 children with TB, 39 (2.96%) had osteoarticular TB, of which 16 (42%) had osteomyelitis, 8 (20.5%) had spinal involvement, 7 (17.9%) had TB synovitis, 2 (5.1%) had psoas abscess and 6 (15.4%) had abscesses. The mean age of presentation was 7.1 ± 3.5 years (range 2–14 years). Of the 33 cases in which a culture was done, 25 (64%) showed a positive culture. Drug sensitivity tests were done in 21 patients of which 10 (47.6%) tested were drug resistant, of which 4 (36.4%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), 2 (18.2%) were extensively drug resistant (XDR), 3 were pre-XDR (27.3%) and 1 was polyresistant (9.1%). Nine (23.1%) patients had TB in the past with a treatment duration of 8.3 ± 5.3 months. Contact with a TB patient had occurred in 10 (25.6%) cases. Associated pulmonary TB were seen in 6 (15.39%) and TB meningitis were seen in 1 (2.6%) patients. Surgical intervention was needed in 11 (28.2%) patients of which 5 (45.5%) underwent curettage, drainage was done in 1 (9.1%), arthrotomy in 4 (36.4%) and spinal surgery in 1 (9.1%) patient. ConclusionDrug resistant osteoarticular TB is an emerging problem in children.

Retropharyngeal tuberculosis abscess: a case report and review of the literature

Retropharyngeal tuberculosis abscess: a case report and review of the literature

MULTIPLE CAVITARY LUNG LESIONS WITH AIR-FLUID LEVEL – CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS TRAPS – CASES PRESENTATION

Cavitary lung lesions may pose complex problems in terms of differential diagnosis as their etiological spectrum includes: – Necrotizing infections (pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, fungi and parasites abscesses) – Non-infectious diseases: (lung cancer with necrosis, infected cavitating pulmonary infarction, vasculitides, collagenoses with lung cavity by immunological mechanism, the suction of a foreign body intrabronchially, congenital lung malformations, pneumoconiosis excavated etc). We present three clinical cases with similar radiological images or multiple formations lung cavity fluid level but with different diagnoses and etiologies: Staphylococcus aureus strain MRSA sepsis, echinococcosis with multiple sites and pulmonary tuberculosis secondary caseous-cavitary form. Selected all three cases, standard chest radiography was the basic investigation lung disease diagnosis, but accurate diagnosis requires performing other investigative methods.

Tuberculosis Meningitis with Brainstem Mass Lesion—Adjunctive Treatment with Thalidomide: A Case Report

Background: We report on a 12-month-old child with recurrence of intracranial tuberculosis after de-escalation of the initial therapy with levofloxacin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in an outpatient clinic. After initial improvement of atactic movement disorder with ongoing motoric and mental development the child deteriorated with progressive impairment of vigilance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed meningitis together with a cerebellar abscess and brainstem mass lesion resulting in increased intracranial pressure. Surgical decompression was incomplete due to massive granuloma formation in the basal meninges. Postinterventional the child remained comatose and showed extension spasm. Besides reinitiation of the tuberculostatic therapy (adjusted after blood and CSF concentrations) with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, prothionamide and levofloxacin we started high dose steroid therapy to reduce intracranial edema. Tuberculosis abscess and mass lesions tend to induce an inadequate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α–dependent cytokine response. Therefore additional treatment with the TNF-α inhibitor thalidomide was started to control the intracranial tuberculosis granuloma formation and to reduce steroid therapy. After five months of treatment the MRI showed regression of the tuberculous mass lesion and the patient caught up on motoric and mental development.

Spinal Tuberculosis and Cold Abscess without Known Primary Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon but not rare. Bone and joint involvement constitute about 10% of extrapulmonary TB cases, with the spine being the most frequently affected site. Spinal TB patients typically present with back pain but other constitutional or pulmonary symptoms may be absent, rendering the diagnosis difficult. This case explores challenges in the diagnosis of spinal TB. We report a case of a 39-year-old woman presenting with vague back swelling for many years. Imaging revealed osteomyelitis of the spine but initial studies and cultures were negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The diagnosis was confirmed weeks later when cultures demonstrated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Considering the severe complications of untreated spinal TB including paraplegia and need for surgical intervention, high suspicion is critical in early diagnosis.

Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Karabina M, Korkmaz Ö, Aydın S, Atasoy B, Alkan A. Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases. 2016;1(1):75-78. doi:10.5114/amscd.2016.62136. APA Karabina, M., Korkmaz, Ö., Aydın, S., Atasoy, B., & Alkan, A. (2016). Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases, 1(1), 75-78. https://doi.org/10.5114/amscd.2016.62136 Chicago Karabina, Mustafa, Özlem Korkmaz, Sinem Aydın, Bahar Atasoy, and Alpay Alkan. 2016. "Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging". Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases 1 (1): 75-78. doi:10.5114/amscd.2016.62136. Harvard Karabina, M., Korkmaz, Ö., Aydın, S., Atasoy, B., and Alkan, A. (2016). Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases, 1(1), pp.75-78. https://doi.org/10.5114/amscd.2016.62136 MLA Karabina, Mustafa et al. "Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging." Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases, vol. 1, no. 1, 2016, pp. 75-78. doi:10.5114/amscd.2016.62136. Vancouver Karabina M, Korkmaz Ö, Aydın S, Atasoy B, Alkan A. Recurrent intradural spinal tuberculosis abscess in a child – follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases. 2016;1(1):75-78. doi:10.5114/amscd.2016.62136.