TS Model Research Articles

Adoption of Off-Line Signature Verification and Forgery Detection System Using Additive Fuzzy and TS Modelling Technique in Financial Auditing and Forensics Investigation

This paper presents a robust signature verification and forgery detection system using Additive fuzzy and TS modeling technique. The features of various handwritten signatures are sampled with proper analysis and encapsulated to devise an effective verification system. Grid method was used to extract features angles for detection of forgeries and verification of genuine signatures. In financial Accounting, Auditing and Forensic Investigation, signature forgery could occur in various ways. This could be carried out on papers, sales documents such as invoices or inventory procurement requisition paper, title documents on landed property or other tangible assets. It is also perpetrated on payment authorization such as cheques, payment vouchers both in cash and on bills. During this exercise, the fraud perpetrators perfect their concentration on the surface paper, and trace the original signature from the mandate given earlier. It has been difficult to use accounting and auditing professions to track down financial fraud in Nigeria mostly with the problem of unearthing ingenious fraud. Exponential membership function was used to fuzzified the derived functions, and modified into structural parameters suitable to adapt to any possible variations that may result from handwriting styles and also to reflect any other factors due to scripting of a signature. The proposed system is tested on a large database of signatures obtained from 40 subjects.

Tsunami Squares modeling of landslide tsunami generation considering the ‘Push Ahead’ effects in slide/water interactions: Theory, experimental validation, and sensitivity analyses

Landslide tsunami generation is a complex physical process that involves solid materials interacting with water bodies and other 3D nonlinear wave effects. Modeling of this process ranks as an urgent task because wave source features are crucial clues for subsequent tsunami motions and hazards threatening coastlines. Herein, we introduce a concept of ‘Push Ahead’ (PA) in landslide/water interactions and propose a PA formulation integrated in a meshless numerical procedure named ‘Tsunami Squares’ (TS) for modeling of landslide tsunami generation. We draw comparisons on the physical significances of PA acceleration versus ‘Drag Along’ (DA) acceleration and conventional aerodynamic and hydrodynamic solutions. We carry out physical experiments of wave generation by block-dragging and gravel flows and corresponding TS simulations to study PA effects in landslide/water interactions. Wave features in TS simulations match the experimental observations in a reasonable range, providing a firm validation of the PA formulation in the TS approach. Sensitivity analysis that compares simulations with various ratios of PA acceleration is carried out both for the block-dragging and gravel flow experiments. The comparisons indicate that PA acceleration plays an important role in landslide wave generation and that larger PA accelerations make greater contributions to the initial wave source. We discuss intrinsic relations between PA formulation and the empirical equations derived from previous experiment studies that support the validity and applicability of the PA solution. We also insist that the complex 3D wave effects such as dispersion, shoaling, refraction, reflection and superposition, occurring in the experiments can be well reproduced in the TS simulations. The newly proposed PA acceleration that works together with our previously presented ‘Drag Along’ and ‘Lift Up’ effects can excellently illustrate the mechanical process of landslide water interactions. We conclude that TS simulations that do not include the ‘Push Ahead’ acceleration can seriously underestimate landslide tsunami size. • Development of a ‘Push Ahead’ acceleration in TS modeling of landslide/water interactions. • Model validation with well-designed experiments of waves generated by block slide and gravel flow. • Sensitivity analysis of the ‘Push Ahead’ acceleration that affects landslide tsunami generation. • Discussion on intrinsic relations between PA formulation and the empirical equations.

Phase Equilibrium and Density of CO2 + Acetic Acid Systems from 308.15 to 338.15 K and 15 to 45 MPa.

Using a high-pressure phase equilibrium apparatus and vibrating-tube densimeter, phase transition pressures of CO2 (1) + acetic acid (2) binary systems with x2 = 0.000, 0.107, 0.163, 0.222, and 1.000 were measured under temperatures from 308.15 to 338.15 K. Besides, the densities at the same composition and temperature under pressure from 15 to 45 MPa were also detected, and the volumes of mixing (ΔVm) were calculated. Three prediction models (SRK EOS, PC-SAFT EOS, and TS model) were introduced to predict and correlate the density of binary systems, which was found to have positive relationships with temperature and acetic acid concentration and a negative relationship with pressure. Thereinto, the variation trend of CO2 density with pressure tends to be flat under high pressure, and which of acetic acid density increased linearly with pressure. ΔVm are negative, and their absolute value increases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of pressure. The work herein could provide a theoretical guide and basic data for supercritical CO2 extraction technology and CO2 application in oil field development.

Tsunami Squares modeling of the 2007 Dayantang landslide generated waves considering the effects in slide/water interactions

Landslide tsunami in reservoirs can inflict serious consequences and they have aroused social concern worldwide. Herein, we introduce a historical reservoir tsunami that occurred on June 2007 in Shuibuya Reservoir, China. After a progressive failure over 20 days, the Dayantang slope with a volume of 3 million cubic meters slid into the Shuibuya Reservoir and spawned a giant tsunami that ran up ~50 m on the opposite shoreline and caused disastrous consequences. To model the 2007 tsunami, we apply a meshless numerical approach called ‘Tsunami Squares’ (TS) that takes into account the landslide/water interactions. TS simulates both the landslide and its generated tsunami and introduces ‘Push Ahead’ (PA) and ‘Drag Along’ (DA) accelerations to mimic the physical mechanics in the process. The accuracy and efficiency of TS method are verified by a well-designed landslide tsunami experiment that compares the observed wave dynamics with the ones simulated by TS and achieves an excellent match between the two. Landslide simulations indicate a maximum impact velocity of ~20 m/s and that the computed post-slide mass stopped on the near river bed with a shape coinciding with the field observations. Wave simulations present a large region of wave impacts and a maximum wave runup height of 52.9 m at the opposite bank facing the landslide scarp that is comparable to the observation (~50 m). Sensitivity analysis that compares the simulations with, and without, PA and DA accelerations is carried out both for the experimental wave and the 2007 one. This comparison indicates that TS simulations that do not include PA and DA can seriously underestimate landslide tsunami size. • Investigation of the geometric and geological conditions of the 2007 landslide tsunami • Update of the TS method by introducing PA and DA accelerations in landslide/water interactions • TS Model validation by a lab-scale wave experiment and application to the data-rich 2007 event • Sensitivity analysis of PA and DA accelerations that affects the landslide tsunami generation

Deciphering the role of acid additives in chiral diamine-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions of cyclohexanones with aldehydes

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to rationalize the influence of additive acids on chiral vicinal diamine-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions of cyclohexanones with aldehydes. Three TS models are explored. The computations reveal that with TFA as additive, the acid anion-containing nine-membered cyclic TS model is preferred to the other two models. While with succinic acid or HAc, the preferred TS model involves an acid anion-containing ten-membered ring. Acid additive-induced conformational changes are responsible for the pronounced changes in the experimentally observed stereoselectivity. With TFA as addictive, the lowest-energy TS exhibits an almost perfect staggered conformation along the forming C－C bond, which is stabilized by weak non-covalent interactions and less steric repulsion affording (R,S) anti isomer, whereas using HAc as additive, the (S,S) syn-selectivity stems primarily from less steric strain and conformational distortion in the favored transition structures, while in the case of succinic acid, the preferred transition structure has more extended conformation and softer low-frequency vibrational mode than other TSs, which induce more vibrational entropy contributions to Gibbs free energy and more stability of the transition state. The theoretical results reproduce the experimental findings and provide a reasonable explanation for highly varied stereoselectivities by different acid additives.

Reversal Learning Performance in the XY∗ Mouse Model of Klinefelter and Turner Syndromes.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47, XXY) and Turner syndrome (TS; 45, XO) are caused by two relatively common sex chromosome aneuploidies. These conditions are associated with an increased odds of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as impairments in cognition that include learning delays, attentional dysfunction and impulsivity. We studied cognitive functions in the XY∗ mouse model, which allows comparison of XXY to XY males (KS model), and XO to XX females (TS model). We evaluated adult mice with and without gonads, using a version of an operant reversal-learning task (RLT) that can be used to measure various facets of learning, impulsivity and attention. In the KS model, only one measure related to impulsivity – perseverative responding under reversal conditions – reliably discriminated gonadally intact XXY and XY mice. In contrast, a fundamental learning impairment (more trials to criterion in acquisition phase) in XXY mice, as compared to XY, was observed in gonadectomized subjects. No other task measures showed differences consistent with KS. In the TS mouse model, XO mice did not show a pattern of results consistent with TS, similar to past observations. Thus, the application of this RLT to these XY∗ models reveals only limited behavioral impairments relevant to KS.

Convection in Thin Shells of Icy Satellites: Effects of Latitudinal Surface Temperature Variations

AbstractWe use three‐dimensional numerical experiments of thin shell convection to explore what effects an expected latitudinal variation in solar insolation may have on a convection. We find that a global flow pattern of upwelling equatorial regions and downwelling polar regions, linked to higher and lower surface temperatures (Ts), respectively, is preferred. Due to the gradient in Ts, boundary layer thicknesses vary from equatorial lows to polar highs, and polar oriented flow fields are established. A Hadley cell‐type configuration with two hemispheric‐scale convective cells emerges with heat flow enhanced along the equator and suppressed poleward. The poleward transport pattern appears robust under a range of basal and mixed heating, isoviscous and temperature‐dependent viscosity, vigor of convection, and different degrees of Ts variations. Our findings suggest that a latitudinal variation in Ts is an important effect for convection within the thin ice shells of the outer satellites, becoming increasingly important as solar luminosity increases. Variable Ts models predict lower heat flow and a more compressional regime near downwellings at higher latitudes, and higher heat flow and a more extensional regime near the equator. Within the ice shell, Hadley style flow could lead to large‐scale anisotropic ice properties that might be detectable with future seismic or electro‐magnetic observations.

TS-MPC for Autonomous Vehicles Including a TS-MHE-UIO Estimator

In this paper, a novel approach is presented to solve the trajectory tracking problem for autonomous vehicles. This approach is based on the use of a cascade control where the external loop solves the position control using a novel Takagi Sugeno-Model Predictive Control (TS-MPC) approach and the internal loop is in charge of the dynamic control of the vehicle using a Takagi Sugeno-Linear Quadratic Regulator technique designed via Linear Matrix Inequalities (TS-LMI-LQR). Both techniques use a TS representation of the kinematic and dynamic models of the vehicle. In addition, a novel Takagi-Sugeno estimator-Moving Horizon Estimator-Unknown Input Observer (TS-MHE-UIO) is presented. This method estimates the dynamic states of the vehicle optimally as well as the force of friction acting on the vehicle that is used to reduce the control efforts. The innovative contribution of the TS-MPC and TS-MHE-UIO techniques is that using the TS model formulation of the vehicle allows us to solve the nonlinear problem as if it were linear, reducing computation times by 10-20 times. To demonstrate the potential of the TS-MPC, we propose a comparison between three methods of solving the kinematic control problem: Using the nonlinear MPC formulation (NL-MPC) with compensated friction force, the TS-MPC approach with compensated friction force, and TS-MPC without compensated friction force.

Determination and interpolation of parameters for precise conversion of GNSS wet zenith delay to precipitable water vapor in Turkey

Studies of estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) from continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations with high temporal and spatial resolution continuously have become popular in recent years. In this estimation process, the weighted mean temperature (Tm) and the conversion parameter (Q) are the most important parameters to convert tropospheric zenith delay (ZTD) to PWV. In this study, Tm and Q time series are derived by assessing 4103 profile observations of eight Turkish radiosonde stations (RS) for approximately one year. The Tm − Ts linear regression model is developed. In analogy to Tm − Ts model, the Q values are modelled based on different combinations of surface temperature (Ts), station latitude (θ), station height (H) and day of the year (DOY). To test the validity of these models, the GNSS derived PWV (PWVGNSS) values are computed from the GNSS data of just over a year for the Istanbul and Ankara RS-GNSS stations using the most precise Tm and Q models, and later they are compared with the PWVRS values. The mean of the differences obtained for the Ankara and Istanbul stations are found to be 1.4–1.6 mm with a standard deviation of 1.7–1.8 mm, respectively. Moreover, modelling and interpolating meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure, as well as PWV and ZTD are tested using the spherical harmonic functions (SHF). The results indicate that SHF can be safely and accurately used for modelling and interpolating meteorological parameters and ZTD.

Complexity of sales effort and carbon emission reduction effort in a two-parallel household appliance supply chain model

• A two-parallel household appliance SC model considering pricing, carbon emission reduction and sale effort was proposed. • The research framework about a dynamic Stackelberg game with respect to five variables was provided. • The complexity and profit of the two-parallel household appliance SCs under VN, TS, and LCS game models were investigated. • A phenomenon that the TS game system evolved into chaos from the two-cycle state via a six-cycle state was discovered. This paper studies the complexity of sales effort and carbon emission reduction effort in a Bertrand household appliance supply chain system. A two-parallel model consisting of a traditional supply chain without any carbon emission reduction effort and a low-carbon supply chain with carbon emission reduction effort is established. The chain to chain competition is analyzed in three scenarios, one of which is a horizontal Nash game, and the others are the traditional supply chain Stackelberg game and the low-carbon supply chain Stackelberg game. The optimal solutions of the horizontal Nash game and the Stackelberg game are obtained and three models’ dynamic evolutions based on the bounded rationality are investigated. A dynamic Stackelberg game model with respect to five variables is proposed and investigated via the stable region, the bifurcation, and the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The profits of the two-parallel household appliance supply chains are compared in three dynamic game structures. An interesting phenomenon that the system will enter a six-cycle state after the two-cycle state and fall into chaos directly is discovered in the traditional supply chain Stackelberg game. Our results suggest that the adjustments of price would affect the stability and profits much more than the sales effort and carbon emission reduction effort in all three game structures. Every supply chain should take the suitable adjustment speeds for the price and sales effort to keep the system in the stable state. Each adjustment should not exceed the domain of attraction.

Kcnj6(GIRK2) trisomy is not sufficient for conferring the susceptibility to infantile spasms seen in the Ts65Dn mouse model of down syndrome

ObjectiveInfantile spasms (IS) is a catastrophic childhood seizure disorder that is characterized by extensor and/or flexor spasms, cognitive deterioration and a characteristic EEG abnormality. The latter consists of a pattern of a spike-wave followed by an electrodecremental response (EDR), which is a flattening of the EEG waveform amplitude. The mechanism/circuitry that underpins IS is unknown. Children with Down Syndrome (DS) are particularly vulnerable to IS. The standard mouse model of DS is the Ts65Dn mutant mouse (Ts). Using the Ts mouse, we have created an animal model of IS in DS. This model entails the treatment of Ts mice with a GABABR agonist with a resultant recapitulation of the semiological, electrographic, and pharmacological phenotype of IS. One of the genes triplicated in Ts mice is the kcnj6 gene which codes for the G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) protein. We have shown that over expression of GIRK2 in Ts brain is necessary for the production of the GABABR agonist induced IS phenotype in the Ts mouse. Here, we ask the question whether the excess GIRK2 is sufficient for the production of the GABABR agonist induced IS phenotype. MethodsTo address this question, we used kcnj6 triploid mice, and compared the number of spasms via video analysis and EDR events via EEG to that of the WT mice. ResultsWe now show that GABARR agonist-treated kcnj6 triploid mice failed to show susceptibility to the IS phenotype. Therefore, over expression of GIRK2 in the brain is necessary, but not sufficient to confer susceptibility to the GABABR agonist-induced IS phenotype in the Ts model of DS. SignificanceIt is therefore likely that GIRK2 is working in concert with another factor or factors that are altered in the Ts brain in the production of the GABABR agonist-induced IS phenotype.

Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of N-Protected Amino Acid Esters via Phase-Transfer Catalytic Base Hydrolysis

Asymmetric base hydrolysis of α-chiral esters with synthetic small-molecule catalysts is described. Quaternary ammonium salts derived from quinine were used as chiral phase-transfer catalysts to promote the base hydrolysis of N-protected amino acid hexafluoroisopropyl esters in a CHCl3/NaOH (aq) via dynamic kinetic resolution, providing the corresponding products in moderate to good yields (up to 99%) with up to 96:4 er. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies using DFT calculation and pseudotransition state (pseudo-TS) conformational search afforded a TS model accounting for the origin of the stereoselectivity. The model suggested π-stacking and H-bonding interactions play essential roles in stabilizing the TS structures.

Time series sightability modeling of animal populations.

Logistic regression models—or “sightability models”—fit to detection/non-detection data from marked individuals are often used to adjust for visibility bias in later detection-only surveys, with population abundance estimated using a modified Horvitz-Thompson (mHT) estimator. More recently, a model-based alternative for analyzing combined detection/non-detection and detection-only data was developed. This approach seemed promising, since it resulted in similar estimates as the mHT when applied to data from moose (Alces alces) surveys in Minnesota. More importantly, it provided a framework for developing flexible models for analyzing multiyear detection-only survey data in combination with detection/non-detection data. During initial attempts to extend the model-based approach to multiple years of detection-only data, we found that estimates of detection probabilities and population abundance were sensitive to the amount of detection-only data included in the combined (detection/non-detection and detection-only) analysis. Subsequently, we developed a robust hierarchical modeling approach where sightability model parameters are informed only by the detection/non-detection data, and we used this approach to fit a fixed-effects model (FE model) with year-specific parameters and a temporally-smoothed model (TS model) that shares information across years via random effects and a temporal spline. The abundance estimates from the TS model were more precise, with decreased interannual variability relative to the FE model and mHT abundance estimates, illustrating the potential benefits from model-based approaches that allow information to be shared across years.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of MODIS Land Surface Temperature With In Situ Meteorological Observation and ERA-Interim Reanalysis: The Option of Model Calibration

The land surface temperature ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> ) is an important parameter in land surface and atmosphere studies. A set of synchronously observed “ground-truth” temperature as training data is required for some empirical/semiempirical statistical and neural network methods for retrieving <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> from passive microwave (PMW) remote sensing data. To provide information for the choice of the most suitable dataset in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts </i> retrieval of PMW remote sensing, the spatiotemporal comparison between the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> (MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> ), the meteorologically observed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ Ts</i> ), the meteorologically observed near-surface air temperature ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ Ta</i> ), and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast reanalysis products, the ERA-Interim <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> (ERA <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> ), in South China for each season's daytime and nighttime is conducted in this paper. Results show that a large discrepancy between the MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> and the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ Ts</i> exists, whereas the discrepancies between the MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> , the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ Ta</i> and the ERA <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Ts</i> are relatively smaller in daytime. For nighttime period, the differences between each dataset are relatively much smaller. Because the MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> is representative at the satellite pixel scale, it has a smaller spatial-scale mismatch with PMW data compared to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> meteorological observation. The MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> is suitable for both the daytime and the nighttime PMW <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> model calibration if it is synchronously observed under almost clear-sky condition. By contrast, for the PMW <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> model calibration within the daytime period, the synchronously obtained <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ Ts</i> is not suitable to be used as training data. If the ground temperature of daytime period derived from PMW is required, but the MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Ts</i> is unavailable, the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ Ta</i> should be selected as the “ground truth” for the model calibration. However, it should be noticed that the inversion results are the near-surface air temperature rather than the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> . Remarkably, reanalysis products such as the ERA <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> presents an alternative choice for both the daytime and the nighttime <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> model calibration if there are no MODIS <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> products or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> temperature available. After the comparison, an example of PMW <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> retrieval for nighttime period was given, showing a promising performance on deriving an applicable PMW <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ts</i> inversion model based on the selection of an appropriate training dataset.

A Estimation Model of Missing Value Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network node affected by its own resources and environmental factors, exists the problem of the missing acquisition data. In view of the missing of WSN data, this paper uses ARIMA model and wavelet decomposition to forecasting the missing value, obtain the estimation of missing data in the time series. The estimation model based on time series named TS model. The adjacent node of missing data acquisition nodes as a reference, through the advantage of neural network model in non-linear relationship, sc model is proposed. In this paper, from TC model and ST model, the time series are combined with the space correlation, STC model is proposed. Experiment shows STC model has a good effect on the estimation of missing data.

Modelling and validation of the weighted mean temperature for Turkey

ABSTRACTWater vapour is involved in many atmospheric processes. Precipitation specifically relies on the amount of precipitable water vapour (PWV) or the water vapour content suspended in the atmosphere.Opportunities with regard to the conversion of existing continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations to GNSS meteorology stations (GNSS MET) with very little cost and acquisition of near real‐time water vapour have become popular in studies of the estimation of water vapour using GNSSs. In order to convert the GNSS observables into meteorological assets, one has to account for the extremely important conversion parameters between zenith wet delay and PWV in GNSS meteorology: Tm or Q. They are estimated by analysis of radiosonde profile observations of a radiosonde station (RS).In this study, linear Tm models were estimated from 4103 profile observations of eight Turkish RSs for the year 2011. The verification of these models was tested by using 1 year of observations at the Ankara and Istanbul RS‐GNSS stations. A Tm = 48.55 + 0.80Ts model was computed for Turkey with a root mean square error of ±2.57 K. The accuracies of PWV derived from the developed Tm model and the GNSS observations at the Ankara and Istanbul stations in 2013 and 2014 were found to be ±1.7 and ±1.8 mm, respectively.

T-S Fuzzy Observer and Controller of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

This paper aims to ensure a stability and observability of doubly fed induction generator DFIG of a wind turbine based on the approach of fuzzy control type T-S PDC (Parallel Distributed Compensation) which determines the control laws by return state and fuzzy observers. First, the fuzzy TS model is used to precisely represent a nonlinear model of DFIG proposed and adopted in this work. Then, the stability analysis is based on the quadratic Lyapunov function to determine the gains that ensure the stability conditions. The fuzzy observer of DFIG is built to estimate non-measurable state vectors and the estimated states converging to the actual statements. The gains of observatory and of stability are obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results and demonstrate satisfactory performance.

The Fuzzy Prediction Control Methods of Crop Growth Process

Today the huge demand for high-quality crops allowed the research on the improvement of crop quality and cultivation techniques to give increasing attention. Through effective variety selection and optimal control of the growth process, maintaining the long-term best growth environment is an important means to improve crop quality and yield. Due to the quality of the wheat crop ecological variability and complexity of the formation process, the effective forecasting and management under different conditions of wheat growth process becomes quite difficult. Aiming to the characteristics, such as nonlinear, time-varying, strong correlation, time-delay and more uncertainty, between the crop quality and various influencing factors, a modeling method of nonlinear dynamic multi-input multi-output system based on PLS and TS model is proposed. On this basis, a Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) under implicit variable space is designed, which is provide a scientific basis for the realization of effective crop forecasting and control, to increase production, improve quality , regulating the growth cycle and increase economic efficiency purposes. The test results show that this method can effectively track the signal and meet the system demand.

Optimal-Performance Takagi-Sugeno Models via the LMI Null Space

The problem of achieving optimal performance for nonlinear systems by constructing the most adequate exact Takagi-Sugeno model of the plant and considering its relationship with the linear matrix inequalities it gives raise to, is considered in this report. In contrast with recent approaches on the subject, the performance goal can be chosen from a wide variety of definitions while constraints are no longer required to be state-dependent. As before, this approach is based on coordinate transformations that isolate the effects of the system nonlinearities and allow optimisation with respect to some performance level, by keeping some norm close enough to the linearised performance. It is shown that the proposed methodology outperforms both ordinary “blind” TS modeling as well as former similar approaches.

From Teacher to School Librarian Leader and Instructional Partner: A Proposed Transformation Framework for Educators of Preservice School Librarians

This paper presents a framework for educators to prepare preservice school librarians to become transformational leaders and instructional partners. With leadership as its central focus, this conceptual framework includes the constructs of Tools, Training, Teams, Time, Targets, and Trust. These constructs are described in relation to school librarian leadership, principal leadership, and the context within which transformation takes place. The Six Ts model can be used in all school librarian preparation programs as a framework for implementing standards and guidelines and providing preservice school librarians with the tools and strategies needed to overcome barriers to leadership and collaboration once in practice.