Trustworthy Person Research Articles

Design of Security Training System for Individual Users

A technique to induce access to a website falsely made through a message figured out as being sent by a trustworthy person or a simple spam, circulate a malicious code and cause additional security damage is called Phishing. According to security company Kaspersky Lab, 3,730,000 people were exposed to Phishing attack between 2012 and 2013. In addition, recently, the mobile malicious code increased eight times in 2012 due to the propagation of Smartphones compared to 2011, so security threats are increasing. Phishing is carried out by e-mail Phishing using the social engineering attack or SMSishing using short message service (SMS). To prevent this, there are preparation methods such as antivirus software or Phishing filtering systems and security preparation training or education. Yet, social engineering attack such as Phishing e-mail or SMSishing uses human psychology, so there is a limit with security software or system, and general individual users cannot possibly understand its seriousness. Therefore, this study aims to propose a security training system for individual users to be prepared for an e-mail Phishing attack or SMSishing attack. The proposed system consists largely of three types of structures such as trainee, Center System and Monitoring and Reporting System, so it plans to try a virtual social engineering attack by using e-mail and SMS through PCs or Smartphones of the trainees. When the trainees are attacked, they will learn a coping method and have an ability to cope with the e-mail Phishing and SMSishing attack. In addition, through a test using this system, it was found that the click rate of virtual Phishing e-mail messages decreased from 47 to 33 %, and the click rate of threatening links decreased from 16 to 4 % so that the usefulness of this study was examined. From this result, training against security threats in Phishing e-mail for individual users would be possible through the proposed security training system and preparation for the Phishing attack as a result would be possible.

The digital media phenomenon of YouTube beauty gurus: the case of Bubzbeauty

This paper, based on broader digital ethnographic research performed on YouTube, aims at framing issues of online popularity development through the examination of videos and user comments. To explore the phenomenon of beauty gurus I analyse a purposeful sample of 80 videos from the channel Bubzbeauty and introduce an emerged typology of two video categories: tutorials and vlogs. Findings suggest that the strengthening of the guru's role as a popular online personality is the result of two spheres of influence. The commercial side consists of YouTube as a business platform and is represented by her tutorials. The community sphere, sustained by the power of affective ties with her audience, is represented by her vlogs. I argue that her market value as a renowned guru is built through her know-how expressed in straight-forward tutorials. Conversely, her social value as an interesting, trustworthy personality is fostered by intimate vlogs.

The digital media phenomenon of YouTube beauty gurus: the case of Bubzbeauty

This paper, based on broader digital ethnographic research performed on YouTube, aims at framing issues of online popularity development through the examination of videos and user comments. To explore the phenomenon of beauty gurus I analyse a purposeful sample of 80 videos from the channel Bubzbeauty and introduce an emerged typology of two video categories: tutorials and vlogs. Findings suggest that the strengthening of the guru's role as a popular online personality is the result of two spheres of influence. The commercial side consists of YouTube as a business platform and is represented by her tutorials. The community sphere, sustained by the power of affective ties with her audience, is represented by her vlogs. I argue that her market value as a renowned guru is built through her know-how expressed in straight-forward tutorials. Conversely, her social value as an interesting, trustworthy personality is fostered by intimate vlogs.

Karakteristik Dosen dalam Memopulerkan Perguruan Tingginya melalui Facebook dan Twitter

One of the lecturers activities in popularizing college by making posts onfacebook and twitter. This article is the result of research that aimed to analyze thecharacter, competence and strength of lecturers in popularizing college via facebookand twitter. Using qualitative research methods, design of case studies. Informants arelecturers Kopertis Region IV West Java - Banten selected as Outstanding Lecturer. Theresults are, college can be popularized by lecturer through facebook. Lecturers have goodcharacter, being able to communicate the vision of college, perceived as a good man, andhas a good personality. Lecturers also have competence as a trustworthy person, have acommitment to make a change for the better, able to develop themselves, perceived aspeople who have the power to maintain their profession well, and can maintain ethics asOutstanding Lecturer. Through twitter, lecturers will get a good response from the publicregarding their performance.

STRATEGI KAMPANYE POLITIK CALON ANGGOTA LEGISLATIF INCUMBENT DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH DALAM MENGHADAPI PEMILU LEGISLATIF 2014 (Studi Kasus Partai Golkar di Kabupaten Mukomuko)

This research is started from the legislative election that was held simultaneously throughout Indonesia, especially in the general election of 2014, the socialization and familiarization of each candidates to the public are important to do. Political campaign conducted by politicians will certainly look different to create a certain effect on a large number of audiences. In this case, the transformation in the level of knowledge or cognition and the transformation in attitude bring sympathy and then change audiences’ behavior concretely. As seen from political points of view, new politicians and politicians who are incumbent have the same chance in winning votes in the general election. Because of that, incumbents have to prepare good strategies to win people’s hearts in the legislative election. The researcher uses a qualitative approach using a case study to describe the case researched. The supporting theory used is a symbolic interaction theory, social consideration, and concepts regarding political campaign and political communication. In this study, the researchers involves three main informants, who are Ali Saftaini, Antonius Dalle, and Husni Thamrin as members of legislative assembly running for reactivating in the legislative election from the Golkar Party consisting of the first, second, and third constituencies. The results show that (1) The team is selected by the consolidation of family relationship that is a close family having good communication in everyday life, the big family of father and mother. The party chooses a very trustworthy person having emotional closeness and maintaining communication. (2) The target election identifies targets in constituencies and establishes permanent voters, constituent for five years, as well as establishes the vote center that is the place where the voters are domiciled, developed village and the big family, and have an interest which is community organizations, farmer groups, taklim, and youth organization in constituencies. (3) The message is delivered positively and negatively and is well packed. It mainly discusses comprehensively. (4) The tactic can be divided into two: direct communication and indirect communication. Direct communication can be implemented by face-to-face communication, visiting people, and “blusukan.” Meanwhile, indirect communication can be implemented through media, newspaper, billboards, calendars, name cards, party and non-party T-shirts.Keywords: political campaign, incumbents, legislative election

Employers' attitudes towards long‐term unemployed people and the role of activation in Switzerland

Over the last few years, most OECD countries have extended their activation policy to new groups of non‐working people, including the long‐term unemployed (LTU). However, it is widely known that employers tend to regard LTU people as potentially problematic persons. This is likely to constitute a major obstacle for long‐term unemployed jobseekers. On the basis of a survey among employers in a Swiss canton (N = 722), this article aims to shed light on the perception employers have of the long‐term unemployed and whether this may matter for their recruitment practices. It also asks what, from the employer point of view, may facilitate access to employment for an LTU person. A key finding is that large companies have a worse image of the long‐term unemployed and are less likely to hire them. Furthermore, independent of company size, a test period or the recommendation of a trustworthy person is seen as the factors most likely to facilitate access to jobs for LTU people.

Social Capital and Depressive Ill-Health—An Evaluative Approach to the Implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM)

Background: Social capital has been described as a person’s sense of belonging as a result of the number and type of relationships she/he has, in which trust and reciprocity are especially important. Aim: To illuminate older persons’ experiences of social capital and depressive ill-health after implementation of the CCM. Methods: Data were collected from nine participants resident in two districts of Norway by means of individual in-depth interviews. A qualitative hermeneutic analysis was performed. Results: Two overall themes, desire for a guardian and a wish for independence despite being dependent, and two themes emerging from the analysis. The first theme—searching for protection was based on three sub-themes overwhelmed by the emotional pain of other people, a sense of exclusion and worries about the future, while the second theme—the need for a relationship with trustworthy persons comprised two sub-themes, namely, emotional pain was not understood and powerlessness to change the situation. The result of this study highlights the need for greater understanding on the part of healthcare professionals of how older persons manage their social relationships. Healthcare professionals require more knowledge about how negative self-beliefs held by older persons suffering from emotional pain, which can lead to reduced ability to trust other people. Another consequence is that fear of being dependent on other people can result in unwillingness to admit the need for help. Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of social capital in older persons who suffer from depressive ill-health. The implementation of the CCM does not appear to improve the situation. Older persons need to be more aware of their social needs and productive interactions in order to protect themselves and obtain support from their social network.

The Machník Decree of 1936 and its Perception by the British Legation in Prague and the Foreign Office

The study is based on unpublished documents of the National Archives in London and deals with the perception of the so-called Machnik’s Decree from the point of view of the British Legation in Prague and the Foreign Office. The so-called Machnik’s Decree means the appeals of the Czechoslovak Ministry of National Defence from January 1936, addressed to various enterprises who were interested in state contracts. These contracts required the trustworthy persons only. Both British Legation and the Foreign Office found such activities inappropriate and understood them to be useless. The whole affair, which was discussed on the field of League of Nations, helped the Sudeten German Party to gain publicity on the international groun

Do dogs prefer pointing gestures by trustworthy person?

Do dogs prefer pointing gestures by trustworthy person?

Meeting Plato’s challenge?

We can regard the history of Political Philosophy as a sequence of responses to a challenge that Plato left behind as a—somewhat poisoned—legacy of his political thoughts. In a nutshell this challenge consists of two assumptions: 1. People have to confer political power on political rulers who are authorized to make collective decisions about the public welfare according to their personal convictions and insights. 2. People have to trust their political rulers, and society has to ensure that trustworthy persons are enthroned as such. Both assumptions are closely related: political rulers in Plato’s view do not merely act as simple “representatives” who just do what they are told by the people or what the people would otherwise do themselves. Political rulers have to decide on the basis of their own knowledge and judgment which is not comprehensible to ordinary people. Therefore it is not possible for the people to evaluate and control the decisions of their political leaders and they thus have to trust in their leaders’ political wisdom and moral commitment to promote the common good. Plato’s own answer to this challenge is well known: we have to educate a societal elite in a manner that ensures that they acquire the knowledge and attitudes that qualify them as political rulers in whom people can trust. It is not an answer that has triggered many affirmative reactions; on the contrary, starting with Aristotle, it has evoked a long chain of attempts to refute Plato’s assumptions and conclusions in one way or another—and this chain has created much of the tradition behind the modern views on politics and political systems. These attempts question the need for autonomous political leadership by defending the ability of people to rule themselves in the form of direct democracy or via political representation, and/or they deny the necessity of genuine trust in political rulers by referring to institutionalized control and incentive mechanisms to prevent the misuse of power. Does the The Calculus of Consent belong to this tradition, and does it produce innovative and convincing arguments to take up Plato’s challenge? I will discuss these questions by first digressing and referring to a quite different approach to contesting Plato’s views. In

Surmountable Hurdles? Employers’ Perception of the Long Term Unemployed and Labour Market Interventions

Over the last few years, most OECD countries have extended their activation policy to new groups of non-working people, including the long term unemployed (LTU). However, it is known that LTU people tend to be regarded as potentially problematic persons by employers. This is likely to constitute a major obstacle for long term unemployed jobseekers. On the basis of a survey among employers in a Swiss canton (N=722), this paper aims to shed some light on the perception employers have of the long term unemployed and whether may matter for recruitment practices. It also asks what, from the employer point of view, may convince them to take the risk of hiring a LTU person. Key findings: Large companies are more likely to use long term unemployment status as a discriminating factor. More likely to hire LTU people seem to be employers who are aware of some of the problems this group may have (low productivity) and who are used to work with the employment agency. Finally, a test period or the recommendation of a trustworthy person are seen as the factors most likely to facilitate access to jobs for LTU people.

The desired moral attitude of the physician: (III) care

In professional medical ethics, the physician traditionally is obliged to fulfil specific duties as well as to embody a responsible and trustworthy personality. In the public discussion, different concepts are suggested to describe the desired moral attitude of physicians. In a series of three articles, three of the discussed concepts are presented in an interpretation that is meant to characterise the morally emotional part of this attitude: "empathy", "compassion" and "care". In the first article of the series, "empathy" has been developed as a mainly cognitive and morally neutral capacity of understanding. In the second article, the emotional and virtuous core of the desired professional attitude-compassion-has been presented. Compassion as a professional attitude has been distinguished from a spontaneous feeling of compassion, and has been related to a general idea of man as vulnerable and solidary being. Thus, the dignity of the patient is safeguarded in spite of the asymmetry of compassion. In this article, the third concept of the triad-"care"-is presented. Care is conceived as an attitude as well as an activity which can be directed to different objects: if it is directed to another sentient being, it is regarded as intrinsically morally valuable; implying (1) the acceptance of being addressed, (2) a benevolent inclination to help and to foster, and (3) activity to realize this. There are different forms of benevolence that can underlie caring. With regard to the professional physician's ethos, the attitude of empathic compassion as developed in the two previous articles is proposed to be the adequate underlying attitude of care which demands the right balance between closeness and professionalism and the right form of attention to the person of the patient. 'Empathic compassionate care' does not, however, describe the whole of the desired attitude of a physician, but focuses on the morally-emotive aspects. In order to get also the cognitive and practical aspects of biomedicine into the picture, 'empathic compassionate care' has to be combined with an attitude of responsibility that is more directed to decision-making and outcome than a caring attitude alone can be. The reconstruction of the desired professional attitude in terms of "empathic compassionate care" and "responsibility" is certainly not the only possible description, but it is a detailed proposal in order to give an impulse for the discussion about the inner tacit values and the meaning of medicine and clinical healthcare professions.

The desired moral attitude of the physician: (I) empathy

In professional medical ethics, the physician traditionally is obliged to fulfil specific duties as well as to embody a responsible and trustworthy personality. In the public discussion, different concepts are suggested to describe the desired underlying attitude of physicians. In this article, one of them--empathy--is presented in an interpretation that is meant to depicture (together with the two additional concepts compassion and care) this attitude. Therefore empathy in the clinical context is defined as the adequate understanding of the inner processes of the patient concerning his health-related problems. Adequacy is scrutinized on behalf of the emotional and subjective involvement of he physician, and on the necessary dependence on medical-moral-goals. In the present interpretation, empathy alone is no guarantee of the right moral attitude, but a necessary instrumental skill in order to perceive and treat a patient as an individual person. The concepts of compassion and care that will be discussed in two forthcoming articles are necessary parts to describe the desired moral attitude of the physician more completely.

The desired moral attitude of the physician: (II) compassion

Professional medical ethics demands of health care professionals in addition to specific duties and rules of conduct that they embody a responsible and trustworthy personality. In the public discussion, different concepts are suggested to describe the desired implied attitude of physicians. In a sequel of three articles, a set of three of these concepts is presented in an interpretation that is meant to characterise the morally emotional part of this attitude: "empathy", "compassion" and "care". In the first article of the series, "empathy" has been developed as a mainly cognitive and morally neutral capacity of understanding. In this article, the emotional and virtuous core of the desired professional attitude-compassion-is elaborated. Compassion is distinguished from sympathy, empathy and pity. Several problems of compassion as a spontaneous, warm emotion for being a professional virtue are discussed: especially questions of over-demand, of justice and of concerns because of a possible threat to the patient's dignity and autonomy. An interpretation of compassion as processed and learned professional attitude, that founds dignity on the general idea of man as a sentient being and on solidarity, not on his independence and capacities, is developed. It is meant to rule out the possible side effects and to make compassion as a professional attitude and as professional virtue attractive, teachable and acquirable. In order to reach the adequate warmth and closeness for the particular physician-patient-relation, professional compassion has to be combined with the capacity of empathy. If appropriate, the combination of both empathy and compassion as "empathic compassion" can demand a much warmer attitude towards the patient than each of the elements alone, or the simple addition of them can provide. The concept of "care" that will be discussed in a forthcoming article of this sequel is a missing necessary part to describe the active potential of the desired moral attitude of the physician more completely. The reconstruction of the desired professional attitude in terms of "empathic compassionate care" is certainly not the only possible description, but it is a detailed proposal in order to give an impulse for the discussion about the inner tacit values and the meaning of medicine and clinical healthcare professions.

Betrayal aversion versus principled trustfulness—How to explain risk avoidance and risky choices in trust games

Are decisions in a trust game more or less sensitive to changes in risk than decisions in a purely financial, non-social decision-making task? Participants in a binary trust game (they could either keep $5 for sure or give it to a trustee with the chance of getting $10 back) were informed that their chance of interacting with a trustworthy person was either 46 percent or 80 percent and then were asked to decide whether to trust that other person. In addition, participants made a decision in a lottery (i.e., whether to gamble $5 to win $10) with the same probabilities. In the 46 percent condition, participants were significantly more willing to choose the risky option in the trust game than in the lottery. Overall, the difference in probability of receiving money back had a significantly higher impact on the lottery decision than on the decision to trust. Possible interpretations of the present study and its relation to previous findings are discussed.

O specyfice przekładu tekstów prawnych i prawniczych na przykładzie tłumaczeń poświadczonych z języka włoskiego i na język włoski

The findings in this article are based on data gathered during sworn translation examinations. The article aims to address some of the frequently asked questions and doubts. At the outset it must be stressed that a sworn translator plays a special social role – not only is s/he a specialist but also a trustworthy person who is obliged to take a particular ethical stand. Hence their responsibility to remain reliable and impartial while making translations in accordance with the law. In order to maintain the high standard of such translations, all candidates applying for this role are required to sit a national examination in front of a board appointed by the Minister of Justice under the law of 24 November 2004. Certified written translations should adhere to the following criteria: Form relates to the formatting of the translated text, distinguishing the original from the copy, highlighting the direction of translation and appropriate insertion of the translator’s remarks; Equivalence relates to turn of phrase (translating sections of text in context rather than “word for word”, paying attention to obvious structural differences between the two languages) as well as subject matter (i.e. looking for denotative or semantic equivalence in the translation of specialist terms and the application of national and international standards); Applying the style sheet relates to the application of accepted specialist phrases and collocations in the target language.

‘That's a Different Kind of Person’ – Spatial Connotations and Partner Choice

ABSTRACTThe paper investigates the process of partner choice and the specific role of geographical distance in this process. This focus on the spatial component is a unique and new approach to address the topic. By adopting a qualitative approach, the decision‐making process preceding partner choice is captured, including the preferences people have for partners, the norms influencing partner choice, and the places people go to meet potential partners. In a Dutch village, focus groups were organised around the topic. The results show that place is crucial in partner choice. Partners from close by are preferred as that is convenient and as they are seen as trustworthy persons. Spatial perceptions of people and places, based on perceived local cultural differences, affect the distance at which partners are found. The rural setting of the study, including mostly less educated participants, revealed that opportunities and norms are more important in partner choice in such a case, whereas preferences play a minor role. Local cultural diversity, from diverse reformed denominations to spatial perceptions of the mentality of people in nearby communities, affects patterns of social interaction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Relevance of Trust for Moral Justification

Philosophers working on moral justification tend to focus on what forms of reasoning could justify a substantive moral claim. For example, Kan tians emphasize reasoning that is universalizable;1 discourse ethicists propose conditions for intersubjective dialogue that confer justification;2 utilitarians recommend reasoning impartially like a benevolent judge or spectator.3 In focusing on what constitutes sound moral reasoning, philo sophers have paid less attention to the subjects who are doing the reason ing, and in particular to the moral relationships among people that may either enable or undermine moral justification. In this paper, I argue that relationships of trust are often necessary for moral justification. Even if a moral claim is likely to be true, it may not be adequately justified, and thus may not have normative force, unless those who are supposed to accept the claim have good reason to believe that the one entering the claim is a trustworthy moral interlocutor. Moral justification often in volves the giving of good reasons by a trustworthy person. My argument is inspired by recent work on the role of trust in science. Philosophers have made a compelling case that trust is neces sary in order to justify scientific claims because of the that exists between people. By epistemic distance I mean that some people have access to evidence or reasons to which others do not have direct access. Epistemic creates relations of depen dence, which gives rise to the need to trust.4 In science, depen dence results from the complexity of the phenomena scientists study and the technical, highly specialized training that scientific reasoning re quires. For example, John Hardwig argues that because scientists often have to use research by other scientists whose work they cannot inde

Inside the Mind of a Psychopath

September/October 2010 A A r O n G O O d m A n T he word “psychopath” conjures up movie images of brutal, inexplicable violence: Jack Nicholson chasing his family with an ax in The Shining or Anthony Hopkins as Hannibal Lecter, his face locked into an armored mask to keep him from biting people to death. But real life offers another set of images, that of killers making nice: Ted Bundy as law student and aide to the governor of Washington State, and John Wayne Gacy as the Junior Chamber of Commerce’s “Man of the Year.” Psychopaths are likable guys when they want to be. Between the two of us, we have interviewed hundreds of prison inmates to assess their mental health. We are trained in spotting psychopaths, but even so, coming face to face with the real article can be electrifying, if also unsettling. One of the most striking peculiarities of psychopaths is that they lack empathy; they are able to shake off as mere tinsel the most universal social obligations. They lie and manipulate yet feel no compunction or regrets—in fact, they don’t feel particularly deeply about anything at all. So much of the way regular people make sense of the world is through emotion. It informs our “gut” decisions, our connections to people and places, our sense of belonging and purpose. It is almost impossible to imagine life without feelings—until you meet a psychopath. But psychopaths often cover up their deficiencies with a ready and engaging charm, so it can take time to realize what you are dealing with. One of us (Kiehl) used to ask inexperienced graduate students to interview a particularly appealing inmate before acquainting themselves with his criminal history. These budding psychologists would emerge quite certain that such a well-spoken, trustworthy person must have been wrongly imprisoned. Until, that is, they read his file—pimping, drug dealing, fraud, robbery, and on and on— and went back to reinterview him, at which point he would say offhandedly, “Oh, yeah, I didn’t want to tell you about all that stuff. That’s the old me.” COVER STORY

Charity as a Signal of Trustworthiness

Being perceived as trustworthy comes with substantial economic benefits in many situations. Making other people think you are a trustworthy person may, therefore, be an important motive for charity and other forms of prosocial behavior, provided these activities work as signals of trustworthiness. This paper shows that donating money to an NGO substantially raises the other players' beliefs about the donors’ trustworthiness in a simple trust game. Consequently, donors receive higher transfers. The magnitude of these benefits is substantial.