Team Trust Research Articles

Formalization of Informed Consent From Ethical to Administrative Use

We explore the ethical issues derived from obtaining the Informed consent (IC) in medical practice and research in institutions from North Eastern Romania. We performed a content analysis of 11 IC forms (standardized hospital documents), retrieved from different medical care institutions involved in medical research activities. We also interviewed 10 professionals on how they are using the IC in their medical care practice and medical research. The research started from the presupposition that there is a lack of ethical understanding of inform consent both from the issuer of the IC documents as from the medical staff are using these documents in their relationship with the patients. The analysed IC documents show a formal respect for the legislative framework and for the protection of the doctor and the medical institution towards possible litigations. We conclude that the administrative meaning of the IC overlaps the ethical one, turning the IC from an instrument of ensuring the promotion of patient's autonomy to the institutionalization of the patient's mandatory trust in the medical team. How to cite: Frunza, A., & Sandu, A. (2017). Formalization of Informed Consent. From Ethical to Administrative Use. Postmodern Openings, 8 (3), 69-95. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/2017.0803.07

Are you satisfied yet? Shared leadership, individual trust, autonomy, and satisfaction in virtual teams

Despite the benefits associated with virtual teams, many people on these teams are unsatisfied with their experience. The goal of this study was to determine how to better facilitate satisfaction through shared leadership, individual trust, and autonomy. Specifically, in this study we sought a better understanding of the effects of shared leadership, team members’ trust, and autonomy on satisfaction. We conducted a study with 163 individuals in 44 virtual teams. The results indicate that shared leadership facilitates satisfaction in virtual teams both directly and indirectly through the promotion of trust. Shared leadership moderated the relationships of individual trust and individual autonomy with satisfaction. Team‐level satisfaction was a strong predictor of virtual team performance. We discuss these findings and the implications for theory and design.

Rehabilitation without walls

Introduction & Description: The NRH Paediatric Programme was reviewed within the context of the decision to maintain complex paediatric neurological rehabilitation at the NRH, and the Paediatric Clinical Programme Model of Care. This framework formed the basis for a change management project within the current service to reconfigure resources and provide new ways of service delivery. The objectives of quality, access and value were key. The programme has moved to a “children served” approach and broadened the range of service options. Aim & Theory: The project was initiated in response to key challenges to the NRH Paediatric Service including lengthy waiting lists over extended staff and unnecessary variation in patient experience. The aim was to align the NRH Paediatric service with the models of care developed HSE National Paediatric Clinical Programme and the Rehabilitation Medicine Programme. Targeted population: The NRH PAEDS Programme remains the only service of its kind in Ireland with little change in staffing levels over many years despite a substantial increase in referrals, more complex cases and a change in international best practice on the necessity for review by a paediatric specialist neuro rehabilitation team of identified children. The populations served by this project includes not only all the children under the care of the programme but also the treating team. Timeline: The Implementation of the Project was given a timeframe of 6 months. This was following a period of review/analysis of current systems operating within the service. Highlights: The aligning of priorities across all stakeholders ie programmatic priorities, Organisational priorities, health services priorities, team priorities, family priorities. Sustainability: The extensive consultation process undertaken supported multi-stakeholder collaboration and buy-in. Implementing and sustaining changes which are representative of the views of key stakeholders and accepted as best practice is more sustainable than enforcing a pathway that is not felt to be reflective of all important issues. Transferability: The principles underpinning the changes made & the management of same within the programme are consistent with international models of improvement science and thus applicable across other service. Conclusion: The project has already shown a reduction in waiting lists, more efficiency in terms of service delivery and greater predictability in terms of service planning. A further outcome is a reduction in unnecessary hospitalisation for children. Increased resources are being directed at integrated care via outreach and education to community services and schools. Discussion: Quality care is care which is patient centred. To be truly patient centred, a move away from individual service priorities is required with a focus on aligning priorities to support the patient/family. Lessons Learned: Implementation of the project required not only a change in processes, but a change in culture which underpinned the processes. Culture change requires significant investment in developing relationships with team and building trust. It doesn’t happen overnight. Hearts and minds were won when the team could see how the change facilitated the overall shared objective which was to provide the service in line with international clinical guidelines.

Shared Authentic Leadership in Research Teams: Testing a Multiple Mediation Model.

Research teams face complex leadership and coordination challenges. We propose shared authentic leadership (SAL) as a timely approach to addressing these challenges. Drawing from authentic and functional leadership theories, we posit a multiple mediation model that suggests three mechanisms whereby SAL influences team effectiveness: shared mental models (SMM), team trust, and team coordination. To test our hypotheses, we collected survey data on leadership and teamwork within 142 research teams that recently published an article in a peer-reviewed management journal. The results indicate team coordination represents the primary mediating mechanism accounting for the relationship between SAL and research team effectiveness. While teams with high trust and SMM felt more successful and were more satisfied, they were less successful in publishing in high-impact journals. We also found the four SAL dimensions (i.e., self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspective) to associate differently with team effectiveness.

Collaboration in Virtual Worlds

Virtual worlds are three-dimensional, computer-generated worlds in which team collaboration can be facilitated through the use of shared virtual space and mediated using avatars. This article examines the effect of task complexity on team collaboration. A puzzle game in Second Life was used as the collaborative task and task complexity was manipulated by varying the number of pieces in the puzzle. The hypotheses are that task complexity influences team trust, and team trust influences team process satisfaction in virtual team collaboration. The experimental results indicate that task complexity has significant effects on team trust and team process satisfaction, and team trust fully mediates the relationship between task complexity and team process satisfaction.

The Waiting Game: Adult Thoracic Transplant Patients' Experiences With Uncertainty

SESSION TITLE: Transplant SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Poster PRESENTED ON: Wednesday, November 1, 2017 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM PURPOSE: Little recent emphasis has been placed on the experiences of patients awaiting thoracic transplantation. However, these experiences are important to understand, especially as current transplant care often involves relocations, hospitalizations, technologic interventions, long waits, and rising out-of-pocket costs. Patients may be faced with high levels of ambiguity regarding symptoms flares, transplant timing, and prognosis. Uncertainty has been shown to interfere with self-management in other transplant populations, and self-management pre-transplant is an important predictor of medical adherence following transplant. We sought to understand the waitlist experiences of thoracic transplant patients using a qualitative research approach. METHODS: Participants were recruited from adult heart and lung transplant waiting lists between January and December 2016 and, following consent, completed semi-structured, individual interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using interpretive description (a systematic approach that begins with existing knowledge and theory, and then uses inductive reasoning to interpret meaning). Mishel’s Uncertainty in Chronic Illness theory provided an organizing framework for this study. RESULTS: Patients included 19 heart, 2 heart/lung, and 20 lung patients (median LAS=35.1, 49% male, 82% non-Hispanic white, 23% inpatient). “Waiting for transplant” under conditions of uncertainty can be presented in three domains: how patients make sense of their illness and its trajectory; strategies patients employ to cope with uncertainty and changes in social roles; and hopes and concerns about eventual return to health after transplant. Both in- and outpatient participants talked about limitations related to freedom, especially those caused by medical equipment (e.g., oxygen needs), and changes in relationships and hobbies. Patients often talked about their life before illness in terms of a sense of loss. Patients relayed actively managing emotions related to uncertainty by endorsing a one-day-at-a-time approach to waiting or increasing focus on other health-related behaviors that were within the patient’s control. Some patients exhibited distress with uncertainty ranging from ruminating thoughts to thoughts of self-harm. While they often reported appreciation for those who helped them or gratitude for what they were able to do, they also expressed frustration at the fact that they were no longer able to do things that they were good at, that they enjoyed, and that contributed to their sense of self. Consistent with Mishel's Uncertainty in Chronic Illness theory, factors impacting uncertaintly included duration of uncertainty, degree of social engagement/support, trust in the medical team, and perceptions/attitudes. Perceived self-care efficacy was related to these factors. CONCLUSIONS: Transplant researchers should consider coping with uncertainty an important target for future interventions and pay special attention to factors that might impact patients' ability to adapt. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Transplant physicians should inquire about patient uncertainty and assist patients in developing effective coping strategies. DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Cassie Kennedy, Jennifer Ridgeway, Elizabeth Stevens, Janae Kirsch, Katherine Carroll, Roberto Benzo No Product/Research Disclosure Information

Webs of Emotion: A Study of the Formation of Team Identity

This paper is essentially a grounded ethnography of the emotional webs of emergent team development and learning from a series of consulting projects they were engaged upon. The paper discusses empirical research carried out over a number of years in the UK, New Zealand and Australia. The studies involved over 143 MBAs in self-managed action learning teams of between 4 and six people on average. The study particularly focused on mapping the dynamic learning and related emotional webs teams’ developed. The projects were high commitment endeavours and analysis was based on a framework developed around axes of team trust and team anxiety. These emotional webs impacted upon perceived ‘psychological contracts’ of individuals and the team as a discrete collective identity.

Assessing Trust and Effectiveness in Virtual Teams: Latent Growth Curve and Latent Change Score Models

Trust plays a central role in the effectiveness of work groups and teams. This is the case for both face-to-face and virtual teams. Yet little is known about the development of trust in virtual teams. We examined cognitive and affective trust and their relationship to team effectiveness as reflected through satisfaction with one’s team and task performance. Latent growth curve analysis reveals both trust types start at a significant level with individual differences in that initial level. Cognitive trust follows a linear growth pattern while affective trust is overall non-linear, but becomes linear once established. Latent change score models are utilized to examine change in trust and also its relationship with satisfaction with the team and team performance. In examining only change in trust and its relationship to satisfaction there appears to be a straightforward influence of trust on satisfaction and satisfaction on trust. However, when incorporated into a bivariate coupling latent change model the dynamics of the relationship are revealed. A similar pattern holds for trust and task performance; however, in the bivariate coupling change model a more parsimonious representation is preferred.

Trust Congruence in Teams: The Influence of Cultural Diversity, Shared Leadership, and Virtual Communication

Although team trust is recognized as central to effective team functioning, little is known about what influences the emergence of shared trust in teams. Instead, research has focused on the conseq...

Trust in work teams: An integrative review, multilevel model, and future directions

SummaryThis article presents an integrative review of the rapidly growing body of research on trust in work teams. We start by analyzing prominent definitions of trust and their theoretical foundations, followed by different conceptualizations of trust in teams emphasizing its multilevel, dynamic, and emergent nature. We then review the empirical research and its underlying theoretical perspectives concerning the emergence and development of trust in teams. On the basis of this review, we propose an integrated conceptual framework that organizes the field and can advance knowledge of the multilevel nature of trust in teams. Our conclusion is that trust in teams resides at multiple levels of analysis simultaneously, is subject to factors across levels in organizations, and impacts performance and other relevant outcomes both at the individual and team levels. We argue that research should not only differentiate between interpersonal trust between members from collective trust at the team level but also emphasize the interplay within and between these levels by considering cross‐level influences and dynamics. We conclude by proposing 4 major directions for future research and 3 critical methodological recommendations for study designs derived from our review and framework.

Realizing the effects of trust and personality in cross functional teams using ANFIS classification framework

Social behaviors are an integral part of team building. In this context, we propose a novel classification model that chooses an optimal classifier from the pool of classifiers for predicting the overall performance (OP). Secondly, the chosen classifier is used to investigate the impact of trust and personality on OP. To achieve these goals a pilot study with real time data from 442 respondents are collected from cross functional teams (CFTs) in India using an E-Questionnaire system. The results indicate that the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method is an optimal classifier (A = 89.14%) with respect to other classifiers. We also infer that the predictors, trust and personality are most suitable for predicting OP with a direct relationship to OP and play an indispensable role; as a catalyst; for boosting OP.

Abstract 5293: Have you checked? Disparities in cancer screening practices among minority populations

Abstract Objective: There is a disproportionately higher burden of cancer among racial and ethnic minorities, with the incidence only expected to increase significantly by 2050. These racial differences may be due to the quality of early detection screening among this population. The purpose of this research is to provide case study reports about cancer screening practices among at-risk populations as well as those from underrepresented racial and ethnic minority backgrounds as well as sexual and gender minorities in order to describe disparities in cancer screening practices. These five case studies reveal how racial disparities vary by cancer site. These case studies will share information about current cancer prevalence, current recommendations for cancer prevention, national guidelines about early detection for lung, colorectal, prostate, cervical and breast cancers, as well as discuss ways to reduce cancer health disparities and improve screening practices. Methods: Data sources for these case studies include research reports, literature review, clinically-based articles, research articles, websites, as well as clinical practice observations and experiences. Research Summary: These case studies contribute to the growing body of knowledge related to cancer health disparities, with a special emphasis on cancer screening behaviors among underrepresented, at-risk, and racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. Since cancer care is multidisciplinary, these case reports also highlight the role of oncology nurses in helping to lead in educating, promoting, and bringing awareness to cancer screening recommendations and current cancer prevention guidelines for individuals and their families. Nurses recognize that one of the biggest barriers to screening is when individual have unrelated health care priorities that overshadow priorities related to screening, such as food, shelter, and safety. Nurses are also positioned to provide cancer-specific screening guidelines and resources to help individuals implement these recommendations into their daily lives. Improving screening rates among minority populations requires collaborations with the health care systems and the community. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that there are significant disparities that exist in cancer screening practices among minority populations as well as disproportionately higher cancer mortality rates in these populations. Barriers to screening include lack of access to high-quality health care, lack of health insurance, transportation issues, fear and lack of trust in the health care team, embarrassment, stigma related to sexual orientation or gender identity, discrimination in quality care and treatment, as well as lack of awareness about screening recommendations. Recognition of barriers to screening among minority populations is critical to developing targeted interventions that promote adherence and decrease risks of cancer-related mortality. Citation Format: Tamryn F. Gray, Joycelyn Cudjoe, Hae Ra Han, Jennifer Wenzel, Roland Thorpe, Jeanne Murphy. Have you checked? Disparities in cancer screening practices among minority populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5293. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5293

The Mediating Effect of Interpersonal Trust on Virtual Team's Collaboration

This article examines the relationship between task-communication and five collaborative processes by exploring the mediating effect of interpersonal trust in a virtual team's environment. A multiple mediation model was developed to examine this relationship where cognitive-based trust and affective-based trust are defined as mediation variables between task-communication and the five processes of collaboration. The main results of this study show a significant correlation with a large effect size between task communication, trust and collaboration. Also, interpersonal trust is playing an important role as a mediating element in the relationship between task communication and collaboration. This is where the emotional side of trust is no less important than the rational side, if not even more, in some collaborative processes.

Patient experience and overall satisfaction after emergency abdominal surgery

BackgroundThere is a growing recognition of the importance of patient experience in healthcare, however little is known in the context of emergency abdominal surgery. This study sought to quantify the association between patient experience and overall satisfaction.MethodsPatient demographics, operation details and 30-day clinical outcome data of consecutive patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery were collected. Data was collected using validated Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) questionnaires. Categorical data were tested using Mann Whitney U test. Multivariable regression was used to determine independent factors associated with satisfaction.ResultsIn a well-fitting multivariable analysis (R2 = 0.71), variables significantly associated with a higher global satisfaction score were “sufficient information given about treatment” (β = 0.86, 95% CI 0.01–1.70, p = 0.047), "sufficient explanation of risks and benefits of surgery" (β = 1.26, 95% CI 0.18–2.34, p = 0.020), “absence of night-time noise” (β = 1.35, 95% CI 0.56–2.14, p = 0.001) and “confidence and trust in nurses” (β = 1.51, 95% CI 0.54–2.49, p = 0.003).ConclusionsOverall patient satisfaction was strongly associated with perceptions of good communication and transfer of information. Confidence and trust in the clinical team is an important determinant of patient experience. Improving the ward environment by reducing noise at night may also improve the overall experience and satisfaction in emergency surgery.

The dynamics of intellectual property rights for trust, knowledge sharing and innovation in project teams

The research question is: How can intellectual property rights (IPRs) influence trust, attitudes, commitment, knowledge sharing, and innovation in inter-organisational project teams?The four strategically selected team cases include eight global knowledge-intensive industrial oil service companies in Norway. The methodology included 24 in-depth interviews done in 2016.The study finds that formal intellectual property rights are key to building up and keeping trust in the team and also for building up the right attitudes within the team. The IPRs increased the innovativeness in the team and incremental innovations. The IPRs fostered a unique knowledge sharing in these four teams enabling them to work towards innovative solutions and delivering in time. Formal IPŔs foster informal trust and expertise sharing and by that also the inter- organizational cooperation. The confidence and knowledge sharing strengthen the possibility for future collaboration and innovations both on an individual level and on a corporate level. The theoretical implication of our findings is that IPRs increase the trust, commitment, and attitudes within the team providing knowledge sharing and innovativeness for improved solutions and results. IPRs are positive for collaboration, and they are complementary governance mechanisms.The practical implication is that IPRs must be defined and accepted before the corporations start up the inter-organizational teamwork. The contract typology should in the start up be sensitizing giving directions and security and in the end definitive.

Twitter Power and Sport-Fan Loyalty: The Moderating Effects of Twitter

Sport fans who have formed strong connections to their favorite team may be termed loyal fans. One popular communication tool for such fans is Twitter, which has been found to be an important medium for sharing news and events, yet few studies have examined the moderating of Twitter use in a sport context. Adopting the relational approach examining the determinants of sport-fan loyalty, this study examined how Twitter use moderates the building of fan loyalty. Findings revealed that team attraction, team trust, and team involvement are positively related to team attachment. While team attachment was found to positively influence fan loyalty, sport fans’ Twitter use was found to significantly reinforce their loyalty. Specific implications for both theory and practice are discussed.

Determinants of quality of life in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

e18528 Background: There is growing interest in quantifying quality of life (QOL) effects of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. As there are no AML-specific QOL instruments available, we conducted a cross-sectional study to elicit concepts for the development of such an instrument, the AML-QOL. Methods: Adults with AML at various time points during the course of participated in an open-ended interview and completed the FACT-G, -LEU, -BMT and the PROMIS-29 questionnaires in order to elicit concepts impacting QOL. In addition, patients were asked to quantify the degree to which each impacted their QOL on a 3-point scale (little, some, large impact). Positive concepts (i.e., sources of support) were included in the AML-QOL based on prevalence; negative concepts were included based on both prevalence and the percent of cases in which the concept had high impact on QOL. Results: Among 82 patients, commonly described positive concepts were family support (85%), maintaining a positive attitude (63%), friends or community (52%), and trust in the medical team (52%). Negative concepts with the highest prevalence and impact product are shown in the Table. After completing FACT and PROMIS, 22% of patients reported confusion with items querying functional status because of ambiguity between temporary functional restrictions (e.g., inability because of an inpatient stay) and functional limitations (e.g., inability due to weakness). Conclusions: Our interviews identified concepts most important to patients during AML therapy and allowed development of a 40-item survey that is now undergoing validation. [Table: see text]

Improving Care Teams' Functioning: Recommendations from Team Science

Team science has been applied to many sectors including health care. Yet there has been relatively little attention paid to the application of team science to developing and sustaining primary care teams. Application of team science to primary care requires adaptation of core team elements to different types of primary care teams. Six elements of teams are particularly relevant to primary care: practice conditions that support or hinder effective teamwork; team cognition, including shared understanding of team goals, roles, and how members will work together as a team; leadership and coaching, including mutual feedback among members that promotes teamwork and moves the team closer to achieving its goals; cooperation supported by an emotionally safe climate that supports expression and resolution of conflict and builds team trust and cohesion; coordination, including adoption of processes that optimize efficient performance of interdependent activities among team members; and communication, particularly regular, recursive team cycles involving planning, action, and debriefing. These six core elements are adapted to three prototypical primary care teams: teamlets, health coaching, and complex care coordination. Implementation of effective team-based models in primary care requires adaptation of core team science elements coupled with relevant, practical training and organizational support, including adequate time to train, plan, and debrief. Training should be based on assessment of needs and tasks and the use of simulations and feedback, and it should extend to live action. Teamlets represent a potential launch point for team development and diffusion of teamwork principles within primary care practices.

Study on Influencing Factors of Multiple SCRUM Software Development Project Performance Based on Team Difference

From the perspective of team difference, combined with multiple SCRUM software development project features, studied the impacts of team communication, team trust, team innovation, team reaction speed and team conflict on the performance of multiple SCRUM software development project. The data was collected by means of electronic questionnaire, then performed multiple regression analysis. Results show that team communication and team reaction speed have significant influence on the performance of multiple SCRUM project. Team trust, team innovation and team conflict have no obvious effect on team performance.

Team trust over time: Modeling reciprocal and contextual influences in action teams

Team trust is increasingly being recognized as important for team performance, but little is currently understood about how it develops and evolves over the course of a team's lifespan. Because trust and related team constructs are inherently dynamic, this represents a critical gap in the literature that needs to be addressed before team trust can be fully understood and effectively facilitated in practice. Of particular relevance to these gaps are action teams – those that come together to perform under time-constrained, yet often high-stakes conditions. While scholars have begun to explore how trust develops in these contexts, little is understood about how it evolves over time. As such, we propose a theoretical model of team trust in action teams that incorporates its dynamic nature, models the reciprocal relationship between team trust and team performance, delineates unique mediating pathways based on the team's progression in the multiphasic performance cycle, and considers the role of moderating influences that may strengthen or attenuate the impact of performance feedback on subsequent team trust. Specific research implications are discussed, providing a rich foundation for future empirical studies, and ultimately, the generation of evidence-based interventions for facilitating trust as teams cycle through multiple performance episodes over time.