Trust Cooperation Research Articles

Electronics Product Promotion and SCM, Contemporary Research on Bangladesh

Purpose- This article aims to identify ​​in the blockchain, distributed ledger and cryptocurrency for national and international trade. This paper analyses and describes blockchain technology and its operation in various systems and ​​in commercial transactions. Besides, this article mainly provides an advanced explanation of this innovation that can access differently from different fields. Design- In this study, we demonstrate the conceptual framework in G20 countries and Internation trade. Implications- The descriptive diagrams of existing blocks indicating security delivered and real transactions. Also, it suppresses the description of the standard secretariats of key chains in the Single Commercial Law by undocumented values to improve the positioning of blockchain chains. Findings- Blockchain Technologies has the key to building a comprehensive global digital economy that is safe, audited and accountable to residents around the world. Besides, blockchain shows the role in the financial and industrial chain. The limitation- The system needs to rebuild confidence and trust in new financial cooperation.

Renewable Energy Sources and the New Paradigm in Energy Engineering

Renewable Energy Sources and the New Paradigm in Energy Engineering

PROFESSIONAL TOLERANCE AS A COMPONENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LECTURERS’ READINESS TO CREATIVE PROFESSIONAL WORK AT UNIVERSITIES

In today’s conditions, special attention is required to the professional tolerance of foreign language lecturers, which is a component of their readiness to creative professional work at university and requires proper training, inclusion into various spheres of public relations and professional work. Professional tolerance is a personal quality; it involves an active attitude towards others, based on the recognition of universal human rights and fundamental freedoms, respect, acceptance and correct understanding of the rich diversity of cultures of our world; it also mean self-expression and manifestation of human personality, readiness and ability to have an equal dialogue at university with synergetic interactions, developed tolerance to participants of the educational process, formed critical thinking, when  each person is valued, but, at the same time, own ideological positions and value orientation are created. The applied main principles of tolerance (trust cooperation, ecology of relations, self-esteem, self-respect, respect for others, society, synergism, creativity) ensure different used approaches to establishing of tolerant relationships and help to analyze interactions at university and to form some qualities (characteristics or properties) that foreign language lecturers must acquire. The structure of the foreign language lecturers’ readiness for professional work (motivational, value, cognitive, affective, activity, reflexive components) is revealed. The conditions supporting development and formation of foreign language lecturers' professional creativity are highlighted. Creativity at educational process, professional competence, tolerance, work capability, qualification, the value-motivational, cognitive, affective, activity-reflective spheres, etc., depend directly on a foreign language lecturer, who should be a creative, tolerant person, possess the necessary “arsenal” of methods, technologies and be prepared to effective professional work at university. &nbsp

Participatory research in the field of early childhood interventions - how can this be achieved?

Abstract The Austrian early childhood interventions programme (“Frühe Hilfen”) is an overall concept of health promotion measures, aiming to support families depending on their individual needs to create good conditions for raising their children. This should contribute to long-term health of the children. The manifold effects of this complex intervention on the families are to be investigated in the future. To do so, a research concept shall be developed using a participatory research approach. A selective literature search was carried out to identify concrete recommendations for participatory research and previous experiences on the participation of parents. Based on these results, semi-structured interviews and group discussions with families were carried out. According to literature, parents have rarely been used as co-researchers. Our experiences show that access to families in burdened life circumstances is possible via the low-threshold structures of our early childhood interventions programme. In 2018, 21 families participated in interviews and group discussions. The latter method is particularly well suited for obtaining targeted information from families and building trust for long-term cooperation. Still, the stressful family situations make it difficult to participate in research activities. Therefore, specific conditions are required. At present, it is clear that it is feasible to involve families and test research methods together. The next step, an equal cooperation of families and researchers, shall be achieved by the use of a research group. A small group started in Spring 2019, eventually being involved in the implementation of some methods during fall 2019. Whether families are willing to participate continuously for a long time in research activities remains unclear, so far. Key messages Participatory research with families in stressful situations needs time and patience as well as specific conditions, but it is possible. Participation of the target group in the planning phase of further research can lead to relevant insights for programme improvements.

The Dog Model in the Spotlight: Legacy of a Trustful Cooperation.

Dogs have long been used as a biomedical model system and in particular as a preclinical proof of concept for innovative therapies before translation to humans. A recent example of the utility of this animal model is the promising myotubularin gene delivery in boys affected by X-linked centronuclear myopathy after successful systemic, long-term efficient gene therapy in Labrador retrievers. Mostly, this is due to unique features that make dogs an optimal system. The continuous emergence of spontaneous inherited disorders enables the identification of reliable complementary molecular models for human neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Dogs’ characteristics including size, lifespan and unprecedented medical care level allow a comprehensive longitudinal description of diseases. Moreover, the highly similar pathogenic mechanisms with human patients yield to translational robustness. Finally, interindividual phenotypic heterogeneity between dogs helps identifying modifiers and anticipates precision medicine issues.This review article summarizes the present list of molecularly characterized dog models for NMDs and provides an exhaustive list of the clinical and paraclinical assays that have been developed. This toolbox offers scientists a sensitive and reliable system to thoroughly evaluate neuromuscular function, as well as efficiency and safety of innovative therapies targeting these NMDs. This review also contextualizes the model by highlighting its unique genetic value, shaped by the long-term coevolution of humans and domesticated dogs. Because the dog is one of the most protected research animal models, there is considerable opposition to include it in preclinical projects, posing a threat to the use of this model. We thus discuss ethical issues, emphasizing that unlike many other models, the dog also benefits from its contribution to comparative biomedical research with a drastic reduction in the prevalence of morbid alleles in the breeding stock and an improvement in medical care.

PoRX: A reputation incentive scheme for blockchain consensus of IIoT

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to all kinds of equipment in industrial production, whether it is machine equipment in factories or engine in automobiles and airplanes, on which sensors are installed and connected to wireless network terminals to collect and share data. At present, because IIoT system is an open, distributed and heterogeneous system, it is a great challenge to implement trusted communication in IIoT. Blockchain technology has become a new way to solve the cooperative trust issues of industrial Internet of Things. Using blockchain, a tamper-proof system can be built, which can be used as an audit tool for hardware products of industrial Internet of Things from chip to whole equipment. Blockchain improve productivity and operational efficiency of IIoT through smart contract, allowing machines to manage themselves. To apply blockchain technology in IIoT, one of the main issues is to solve the security and efficiency problems of consensus protocols. In this paper, a reputation scheme is proposed to encourage normal nodes and abnormal nodes both to participate in network collaboration in a good way. In order to guide the behavior, a credit based incentive approach is proposed. The reward and punishment factor is designed in the revenue payment function of reputation. The effectiveness is that the cooperative behavior is rewarded, and the non cooperative behavior is punished. The main advantage of our scheme is that our reputation based incentive module can be implemented on state-of-the-art PoX protocols, which is called PoRX,and can make PoX protocols achieve better consensus states. Therefore, it would benefit the applications of IIoT with blockchain. A prototype has been implemented and the experimental results shows that our scheme can effectively encourage the cooperative behavior of the nodes in IIoT, that can benefit the network.

Placing Rwanda\u2019s agriculture boom: trust, women empowerment and policy impact in maize agricultural cooperatives

Rwanda has experienced significant economic growth following the 1994 Genocide. This growth is attributed to the expansion of its agricultural sector, specifically farming intensification and the government’s focus on creating strong agriculture cooperatives. While Rwanda’s economic development has been impressive, many academics have argued that Rwanda’s growth comes at the cost of an authoritarian governmental regime, whose policies have too heavy a hand in the daily activities of smallholder farming. This study measures smallholder maize farmer loyalty to their cooperatives using the net promoter scores of five different cooperatives. Results differ from much of the recent research on smallholder farmers in Rwanda in that most cooperative members have high levels of trust in their cooperative leaders. Cooperative members who have high levels of trust in their cooperative president, board and the Government of Rwanda are more likely to recommend their cooperative to friends and family. Furthermore, women cooperative members have higher levels of trust in cooperative leadership, the Government of Rwanda and almost all agricultural input providers mentioned in the study. Findings suggest that cooperative policy, most notably the mandatory inclusion of high numbers of women in cooperative decision-making, is helping to promote strong agricultural institutions as well as sustainable economic development.

Inclusive educational leadership to establish a co-operative school cluster trust? Exploring perspectives and making links with leadership for learning

ABSTRACTOne remarkable feature of the contemporary school landscape in England is the number of schools that have chosen the co-operative framework to shape their work and relationships. When a group of schools decides to become a co-operative trust, leadership challenges arise both in the process of establishing an inclusive collaborative cluster and in living out co-operative values. To add to the limited literature on co-operative school leadership, a study in a school cluster trust explored headteachers’, governors’ and teachers’ perspectives and beliefs through interviews, group discussions and questionnaires. These data sources revealed some of the motivations for, benefits of, and strategies to support inter-school collaboration guided by the co-operative values of democracy, solidarity, equality, equity, self-help and self-responsibility. Importantly, a range of perspectives on the extent to which leadership was viewed as, and appeared to be, an inclusive practice undertaken by all members of the cluster was identified. A particular contribution of this work is that it exemplifies resonances between the values and principles of the co-operative movement and those of the Leadership for Learning framework. Since these two models are being increasingly adopted and integrated into a variety of educational settings, the research findings may inform leadership practice more widely.

The processual life of neoliberalisation: permutations of value systems and normative commitments in a co-operative trust setting

ABSTRACTSince 2010 the government in England has committed to accelerating the expansion of academies (‘state-funded independent schools’) through displacing the role of local government as principal manager and overseer of schools. In response increasing numbers of schools are embracing the co-operative trust model to improve economies of scale, facilitate stakeholding and community resilience and resist capture from the monopolising tendencies of some large multi-academy trusts seeking wholesale takeover of certain underperforming schools. Yet there are concerns that co-operative schools do not represent a radical departure from routines of neoliberalism – defined by managerial deference, technocratic efficiency, upward accountability and performativity – despite clear signs that co-operative schools promote themselves as jointly-owned, democratically-controlled enterprises. In this paper, I adopt a ‘processual view of neoliberalisation’ [Peck, J., and A. Tickell. 2002. “Neoliberalizing Space.” Antipode 34 (3): 380–404] to complicate the idea that co-operative schools can be judged in binary terms of ‘either/or’ – neoliberal or democratic, exclusionary or participatory – and instead point to the variegated organisational life of co-operative schools and their messy actualities as they straddle competing and sometimes conflicting sets of interests, motives and demands in their practice of school governance.

Cooperative trust and trustworthiness in China and the United States: Does guanxi make a difference?

Our aim was to investigate and compare the effects of cooperating with either a friend or a stranger in a business context on trust and trustworthiness in 2 different cultures. In China, guanxi is a special form of personal relationship in which the exchange partners bond through reciprocal obligations. We conducted cooperation experiments based on the supply chain task in which Chinese and U.S. participants cooperated with their friends and with strangers. The results indicated that both Chinese and U.S. participants had higher levels of trust and trustworthiness for their friends than for strangers. Moreover, Chinese participants made a stronger distinction between friends and strangers than did U.S. participants. In addition, Chinese participants had lower levels of trust and trustworthiness than did U.S. participants. The cooperation experiments enrich the theoretical field of investigating the effects of personal relationships on cooperative trust and trustworthiness, and provide practical value to the management of business cooperation in different cultures.

A trickle-down effect of subordinates’ felt trust

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between managers’ and supervisors’ trust in subordinates and team cooperation and to suggest that the downward flow of trust affects team employees.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from supervisor-employee dyads from a multisource field study.FindingsFeeling trusted by managers has an indirect effect on team cooperation through feeling trusted by supervisors. In addition, there was a strong positive relation between feeling trusted by supervisors and team cooperation when team size was smaller, but a weak positive relation when team size was larger.Practical implicationsIn order for subordinates to feel trusted, management leaders must implement actions that include: delegation and empowerment, participative decision-making and listening with respect and full attention. It is also suggested that the team size should not be too large.Originality/valueWe integrate theories of social exchange, social information processing, social learning and attraction-selection-attrition to test a trickle-down model of how trust in subordinates cascades down through management levels and ultimately affects team cooperation.

The Court of Justice of the European Union’s Mutual Trust Journey in EU Criminal Law: From a Presumption to (Room for) Rebuttal

AbstractMore than any other EU institution, the Court of Justice of the European Union has upheld the presumption of mutual trust in EU criminal law cooperation. Surprisingly though, despite mutual trust’s centrality in the Court’s jurisprudence, it has long not qualified nor properly elaborated the notion of trust, but rather held on to its presumed existence based on a high level of fundamental rights protection throughout the Union. This article will assess the important role of the Court in establishing, upholding and ultimately qualifying the trust presumption in the EU criminal justice context. Along the lines of a number of key cases, the narrative of a strong defence of (the presumption of) mutual trust appears, but also of an evolution toward more room for rebuttal in recent cases. This signals the increased weight given to fundamental rights protection in the EU’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.

A service satisfaction-based trust evaluation model for cloud manufacturing

ABSTRACT In the cloud manufacturing service model, a good trust relationship among trading entities including manufacturing service providers and consumers is the basis for service transactions. To characterize the cooperative trust effectively, the evaluation index system was built to quantize the service satisfaction by monitoring the data of historical service evaluation, and then a service satisfaction-based trust evaluation model was proposed. The direct satisfaction, the friend recommendation satisfaction and the platform satisfaction were integrated into the comprehensive trust. To improve the reliability of the proposed model, the time decay function was utilized to characterize the change of service satisfaction over time. Meanwhile, the comprehensive trust was corrected by using the service satisfaction volatility, which was taken as a mechanism of reward and punishment in the long-term transaction process. The experimental results verified that the model reflected the subjective preference of consumers and showed good accuracy and efficiency, especially in the case of big transaction data.

The Impact of Trust on the Approach to Management—A Case Study of Creative Industries

Companies operating in the creative industries are struggling with the simultaneous pressure to be innovative and creative, which requires access to unique resources (such as knowledge and creative potential), but also means they must be effective in actions taken. To find a balance between those tensions, they are using the networking approach. Therefore, it seems that networking is becoming a high priority and that being involved in networks is a crucial part of such companies’ business models. Nevertheless, their competitive advantage is based on creative potential, which means that they are rooted in building and maintaining internal relations. As a result, in creative industries, relationships with internal and external stakeholders are crucial, but are strongly based on trust. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to investigate whether trust is the main factor influencing the approach to management. Moreover, we tried to understand the impact of trust on the managerial actions taken. We used the multiple case study research method to examine the role of trust in cooperation, as well as in shaping internal relations in companies operating in the creative industries. To achieve that goal, 10 companies from Poland and Portugal (5 from each country) were investigated in order to find any regularities. By analyzing the research results, it was possible to identify consistencies among the sample and present the main findings. Therefore, four approaches distinguished by the degree of trust were identified. When the level of trust is low, companies are operating within their network based on close relationships, as well as using collective participation where the team is perceived as a key success factor. On the other hand, when the level of trust is higher, companies move towards cooperative management (where the role of competitors is crucial) as well as individual participation (where an employee is engaged in the creative, as well as the decision-making, process). As a result, a theoretical model is proposed that includes the level of trust and the external and internal stakeholders’ perspective. Based on our research, trust can also be added as a fourth ‘T’ to the ‘3T’ (talent, tolerance and technology) concept proposed by Florida (2003).

The Constraints of International Courts as a Tool for Resolving the Ukrainian-Russian Conflicts

Abstract: This article addresses the large number of cases brought by Ukraine before different international courts and tribunals against the Russian Federation following the inclusion of Crimea in Russia and the military conflicts in Eastern Ukraine that ensued. The initiation of numerous legal proceedings is presented as a part of an overall Ukrainian strategy to respond to the loss of Crimea, both in order to obtain specific legal remedies and to draw international attention to its cause. The characteristics of the Ukrainian-Russian proceedings that stem from the political significance of this conflict are addressed. The implications of these cases for international law, and the constraints on the existing system of international justice that have been revealed are also evaluated. It is shown that Ukraine often faces difficulties establishing a jurisdictional basis for its claims. Russia's reluctance to submit the disputes to examination by international courts, manifested in its frequent challenging of their jurisdiction, is explained both by the fact that it is aware of its violations and anticipates adverse judgments, and that it may regard such courts as somewhat hostile towards it. These phenomena are analysed in the larger context of the trend in international politics towards a declining trust in international cooperation.

Service experiences Maglev vehicles Shanghai

In the late 1990s thyssenkrupp Transrapid GmbH successfully qualified the Maglev Vehicle TR08 and obtained the type approval certificate. Based on that design, in 2001-2003 three five-car vehicles for the first commercial high speed Maglev Line in Shanghai have been manufactured and set into operation. The VIP-Run took place over 15 years ago and the commercial operation has been running for almost 15 years at great availability.
 The Transrapid system concept of small autonomous redundant electronics based modules facilitates significantly smooth maintenance - diagnosis, testing and system inspection.
 Thanks to intelligent diagnostics, the use of easily interchangeable plug-in units, the dimensioning of the spare parts inventory according to the expected failure rates and the replenishment lead time, the maintenance efforts are still within the forecast range at the beginning of the project. Furthermore, the maintenance concept is essentially unchanged since the beginning.
 There are no special materials that are subject to a potential shortage or price leap, but all according to normal industrial base.
 Thanks to the low level of stress to components on board, most electrical and electronic units are still on-board as original equipment, which are 15 years old and at no end of life is visible.
 But in case of repair or replacement, the challenge is the adaptation to the volatile market of electronic components. This includes the necessary lead-time for adaptive development and qualification, which has to be considered.
 On the side of the vehicle supplier, a small smart team of electronics experts is managing obsolescence and compensates discontinuation.
 The paper tells how it works and appreciates trustful cooperation of the supplier in Europe with the operator in China.

Social Capital Components of Forest Dwellers of Forestry Cooperatives in Iran (Case of Siahkal County)

The aim of this study was to compare the social capital indicators of members and non-members of cooperatives in Siahkal County. The sample size was calculated by the Cochran formula to include300individuals (150 member cooperatives and 150 non-members of the cooperative) that were selected by the stratified random sampling method. The main tool employed in this study was a questionnaire that evaluated the reliability of internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. In this research, correlation coefficients, t-test, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate regression were used for testing hypotheses. Results obtained from inferential findings indicated that there was a significant positive relationship at 1 percent level between the variables of social cooperation and social interaction, social cooperation and social conflict, social cooperation and informal relations network, social cooperation and trust in others, social cooperation and trust in institutions, social cooperation and social partnership, and finally social conflict and informal relations network. Based on the t-test results, most individual indices of members and non-members of forestry cooperatives showed a significant difference with each other at 1 percent level. Results showed that there was a significant difference between members and non-members of the cooperative in terms of social capital components of forest dwellers except for the component of trust in institutions, which lacked a significant difference. This analysis shows that about 68% of the variation of the dependent variable is determined by independent variables which were significant here.

Approach to the Geopolitical Influences of Great Powers in Southeast Asia: Case Studies of China and the US

A quantitative approach to the national geopolitical influence is helpful to provide a reference for national sustainable development on the international stage, based on describing national diplomatic capacity and overseas influence. Herein, this study proposes a complex geopolitical influence model, considering the affected nations’ response. The geopolitical influences of great power in the affected nation are correlated with overall strength, the acceptance degree of the affected nation to the great power and the distance between both sides. Then, the geopolitical influences of China and the US in Southeast Asia countries are empirically analyzed from 2005 to 2015. The geopolitical influence of China in Southeast Asia has been largely growing for the past decades, accompanying with a constant trend of the US’ effects. It is believed that China and the US can coexist peacefully in Southeast Asia to promote the regional development, and jointly create an open, inclusive and balanced regional cooperation architecture that benefits all nations in this region and great powers, through mutual political trust and economic beneficial cooperation. This study may contribute to advancing the policy debate and determining the optimal cooperation in pledging commitment to a new and sustainable model of great power relationship among the various regional geopolitical options.

Research on trust model in container-based cloud service

Container virtual technology aims to provide program independence and resource sharing. The container enables flexible cloud service. Compared with traditional virtualization, traditional virtual machines have difficulty in resource and expense requirements. The container technology has the advantages of smaller size, faster migration, lower resource overhead, and higher utilization. Within container-based cloud environment, services can adopt multi-target nodes. This paper reports research results to improve the traditional trust model with consideration of cooperation effects. Cooperation trust means that in a container-based cloud environment, services can be divided into multiple containers for different container nodes. When multiple target nodes work for one service at the same time, these nodes are in a cooperation state. When multi-target nodes cooperate to complete the service, the target nodes evaluate each other. The calculation of cooperation trust evaluation is used to update the degree of comprehensive trust. Experimental simulation results show that the cooperation trust evaluation can help solving the trust problem in the container-based cloud environment and can improve the success rate of following cooperation.

Digital platforms for smallholder credit access: The mediation of trust for cooperation in maize value chain financing

Maize production is of critical importance to smallholder farmers in Ghana. Various factors limit the productivity of smallholder maize farming systems undergirded by the lack of capital for critical investments both at the farm and at national policy levels. Using a value chain approach, this diagnostic study explains how a complex configuration of actor interaction within an institutionally and agro-ecologically challenged value chain leads to the enduring absence of maize farming credit support. We find a cycle of credit rationing resulting from value chain challenges such as agro-ecological uncertainties, inadequate GAPs training, weak farmer groups and market insecurity. This condition is sustained by an interplay between mistrust, insufficient information across the value chain and inadequate control strategies in the maize credit system. We argue that Digital Platforms (DPs) show potential to help overcome some information and communication gaps and related uncertainties that impede traditional value chain credit arrangements. This is promising in terms of aiding awareness and coordinated responsiveness to agro-ecological farm conditions and the development of farming records databases. Thus, DPs could generate new networks and forms of cooperation in the maize value chain in this regard. As a tool for mediating trust in value chain credit cooperation, strategic use of these DP contributions could help initiate an entry point for recalibration of trust perceptions. Significant considerations and improvements are however needed to harness DPs effectively in mediating trust for maize credit provision, not least being farmer digital inclusion in DP implementation, effective intermediation and network governance arrangements and digital contributions towards cost-effective agro-ecological controls in the erratic maize farming context. This approach to trust building should therefore not be viewed as a quick fix but as a process of trial and error, and learning by doing.