Trunk Highway Research Articles

Simultaneous Optimal Allocation of Public Investments to the Interurban Comprehensive Transport System and Regional Living-Environmental Facilities

1) ObjectiveThe task that to which higher priority should be given, the improvement of the productive social over-head capital. e. g., transport facilities, etc., or the non-productive one useful for regional living-environment, e. g., sewerage systems, etc., will be one of the most important topics in recent regional policies.As for constituents of the non-productive social over-head capital, there are environmental sanitation (sewerage system, etc.), public rental housing, health and welfare (hospital, etc.), and education (school requisites, etc.). These form the ‘regional living-environmental facilities for permanent settlement’.We intend to construct a synthesized model which has the efficacy and ability to investigate consistently the efficiency and priority of public investments to various facilities such as proposed 5 future new trunk railway lines, proposed future national trunk expressway systems, branch expressways, ordinal trunk highways, local airports and harbors, which are competitive and mutually alternatives, and are planned over a more lengthy period than the planning horizon of the Third National Land Comprehensive Development Planning.To cope with such a task, it is urgent and indispensable requisite to develop a general model which can manage ‘goods traffic’ and ‘passenger traffic’ concurrently. All the models hitherto, e. g., our interregional input-output programming model also had not this concurrently built procedure. The reason is that transport facilities such as expressways, highways, ordinal railways are under the mixed utilization of goods traffic and passenger traffic.2) Pedigree of this modelThis paper is an extension of “Optimal allocation of public investment using interregional input-output programming model” [H. Kohno (1975)] which was based partly on the Moses's model (1960) and Lefeber model (1958).3) Development of several sub-models to meet conprehensive valuationWe have this time, developed several sub-models to meet the comprehensive valuation of social benefits due to the allocation of public investments. These are shown under the itemized sub-titles:(1) Establishment of passenger travel-consumption activities and its incorporation into input-output programming model, (2) Generalization of objective function of GNP to the maximization of social benefits incorporating the rate of valuation as to the travel service and improvement of social overhead capital based on the multi-attributed utility function, (3) Setting up of alternative mixed combinations of ordinal railway passenger service of any link and new trunk railway passenger service of any link, for each type of route, (4) Systemization of row vector of transport service sector in order to make parametric computation easy, (5) Establishment of activities of living emvironmental social overhead capital service, and(6) Estimation of ‘necessary volumes of living-environmental social overhead capital-shipments of industrial and living activity’ coefficient matrix.Incorporating above six developed ideas into the base model [Kohno (1975)], we have constructed a synthesized programming model to meet our objective.The computational results of this model are omitted, due to space restriction.

Economic Accounting in Yantai [Chefoo] District Highway Transport Company

The Yantai District Highway Transport Company was formerly the Jiaodong Transport Brigade established by merging the Automobile Brigade of Jiaodong Depot of the East China Military Region with the Transportation Section under the Jiaodong Bureau of Industry and Commerce. In 1949 it only had 700 staff and workers and had at its disposal less than a hundred motor vehicles captured from the enemy. Guided by Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, this transport company has made great progress over the last twenty-eight years. It now has 3,722 staff and workers and 729 motor-vehicles in operation. It carries out the task of transporting both passengers and freight on the trunk highways in the whole district, serving as its main force on the highway transport front. Since it launched the campaign to learn from Daqing in industry in 1964, it has overfulfilled the state plan ahead of schedule each year for fourteen years in a row.

Baghdad Pact

The fourth session of the Council of the Baghdad Pact was held in Ankara, Turkey, January 27–30, 1958, under the chairmanship of Mr. Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey, and was attended by delegations from Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, as well as by an observer delegation from the United States. It was reported that at the opening meeting the delegates from Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Pakistan stressed the need for more economic aid to the pact area, while the United Kingdom and United States speakers expressed the belief that member nations should concentrate on completing economic projects already under way. Mr. Dulles, Secretary of State of the United States, in his opening address pointed out that Congress had authorized the President to use armed forces to assist any nation or group of nations in the Middle East, including the Baghdad Pact nations, that requested assistance against armed aggression by any communist-controlled country. On the second day of the session the Council approved reports of the military, liaison, and countersubversion committees. The report of the military committee recommended a longterm defense building project, which would include a communications system from west Turkey to Pakistan with trunk and lateral highways, harbor and storage facilities at seaports on the Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea, and civil airports that could be readily converted for military use. In the meeting on January 29 Mr. Dulles announced that, subject to funds being made available by Congress, $10 million would be provided by the United States for the improvement of telephone and radiotelephone links between the capitals of Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey, in addition to $8 million already provided for surveys being carried out.