Truncated Ground Plane Research Articles

A Compact Microstrip-Fed Planar Dual-Dipole Antenna for Broadband Applications

We present a broadband end-fire planar circuit antenna that is suitable for applications in microwave, millimetre (mm) and sub-millimetre (sub-mm) wavelengths. We have cascaded two dipoles of different lengths in series to broaden the bandwidth. Two printed directors and a truncated ground plane are used to achieve high front-to-back (F/B) gain ratio. The parallel stripline feeding the antenna’s drivers is connected directly to microstrip without an intermediate stage. This simple antenna design is easily integrated into microstrip circuits. In this paper, we focus on the design of a Ku-band antenna with 7 GHz bandwidth and F/B gain ratio of 18 dB. Design and analysis of the antenna were performed using rigorous electromagnetic simulations, and we experimentally validated the performance of the antenna by measuring the beam patterns and return loss of an antenna fabricated on a Roger RO 4350 printed circuit board. Finally, we present two unique example applications of the antenna in the sub-mm detectors area.

A NEW COMPACT PRINTED TRIPLE BAND-NOTCHED UWB ANTENNA

A novel planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with triple-notched bands using triple-mode stub loaded resonator (SLR) is presented in this paper. The basic UWB antenna consists of a circular- shaped radiating element, a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, and a partially truncated ground plane. Then, the resonance properties of the SLR are studied. Results reveal that the multiple-mode property of the SLR can be utilized in the UWB antenna design to achieve triple band-notched performance. To validate the design concept, a novel planar UWB monopole antenna with three notched bands respectively around the WiMAX band, WLAN band, and X-band satellite communication band is designed and fabricated. The results indicate that the proposed planar antenna not only retains an ultrawide bandwidth, but also owns triple band-rejections capability. The UWB antenna demonstrates omnidirectional radiation patterns across nearly whole operating bandwidth that is suitable for UWB communications.

A NOVEL COMPACT UWB ANTENNA WITH TRIPLE NOTCHED BANDS USING SQUARE RING SHORT STUB LOADED RESONATOR

A novel planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with triple notched bands is investigated and presented in this paper. The initial UWB antenna consists of a circular-shaped radiating element, a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, and a partially truncated ground plane. Then, by embedding a square ring short stub loaded resonator (SRSSLR) beside the microstrip feedline of the basic UWB antenna, band- rejected filtering properties in the satellite communication/wireless local area network/radio frequency identification for microwave access bands are generated. The notched frequencies can be adjusted according to specification by changing the SRSSLR. The results indicate that the proposed compact antenna not only retains an ultra wide bandwidth, but also owns triple band-rejections capability. The UWB antenna demonstrates omnidirectional radiation patterns across nearly the whole operating bandwidth that is suitable for UWB communications.

Planar Dual-Band Monopole Antenna with an Extended Ground Plane for WLAN Applications

A compact planar microstrip-fed monopole antenna designed for dual-band operation is proposed for WLAN applications. The antenna is composed of a rectangular strip monopole in addition to an inverted-L parasitic element that is connected to the truncated ground plane of the microstrip feed. Besides exciting an additional band of operation, the parasitic element also improves the bandwidth of the band excited by the strip monopole. Several simulated parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of each geometrical parameter on the behavior of the antenna. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna covers the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands utilized in WLAN. In both bands, the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance match, moderate gain (approximately 2 dBi), and sustainable omnidirectional-like radiation patterns in both principal planes. An equivalent circuit model of the antenna is also developed.

A quad-element LTE MIMO antenna on a finite ground plane for femtocell base stations

A quad-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for compact long term evolution (LTE) base stations is proposed. While most of the literature on LTE base station antennas concerns only the upper frequency bands (1710−2690 MHz), this work not only focuses on the wideband performance enhancement of LTE700/850/900 (698−960 MHz), but it also employs four-unit antenna elements, which are the maximum number to date for compact base stations aiming at LTE700/850/900. A pentagonal conductor wall is established on the ground plane; accordingly, not only does isolation improve, but the electromagnetic interference (EMI) between the antenna and other electronic components is reduced. Although the design space exhibits a highly truncated ground plane, we design a top-loading meandered monopole with dual sleeves attached to each side of the radiating body, optimizing the characteristics of impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency concurrently. The experimental results show that the impedance characteristics, radiation performances, and signal correlation are highly desired for femtocell base stations.

Frequency and time domain analysis of a novel UWB antenna with dual band-notched characteristics

This paper presents the dual band notch characteristics of Ultra wideband (UWB) monopole antenna. Proposed antenna (30 × 30 mm2) consists of arrow shaped patch and truncated ground plane. Operating range of the proposed antenna (voltage standing wave ratio < 2) is 2.2–11 GHz. In order to achieve dual band stop characteristics, λ/2 open ended angularly separated slit pair has been inserted on the radiator for world interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) (3.3–3.9 GHz) band rejection performance and wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.1–5.9 GHz) band rejection has been realized by introducing a pair of angularly separated λ/2 conductor backed plane (CBP). Using proper adjustment of angular separation for both slit pair and CBP pair, enhanced band rejection can be achieved for the WIMAX and WLAN band, respectively. The performance of antenna has been investigated in terms of frequency domain and time domain to assess its suitability in UWB communication.

Compact UWB monopole antenna with 3.5/5.5 GHz enhanced dual band rejection characteristics

ABSTRACTThis article presents a compact ultrawideband (UWB) monopole microstrip antenna with enhanced band rejection at 3.5 and 5.5 GHz. The antenna consist an arrow shaped radiating patch with sequential steps at the lower edges and U shaped truncated ground plane to obtain UWB response. Enhanced band rejection at 3.5 GHz can be achieved by inserting a pair of identical quarter wave open ended complimentary split ‘O’ shaped resonator, connected to the stepped periphery of the patch surface, and conversely, deep band rejection at 5.5 GHz can be realized by embedding another pair of identical quarter wave open ended complimentary split ‘P’ shaped resonator symmetrically connected to the truncated edge of the ground plane. The proposed antenna exhibits quasiomnidirectional radiation pattern with stable gain performance. Moreover, group delay and transmission characteristic show excellent transient response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2693–2699, 2015

Rounded bevel shaped fed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband applications

ABSTRACTA cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna fed by a rounded bevel shaped patch has been proposed in this letter. The antenna structure uses coplanar waveguide technique with truncated ground plane. The cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) loads the patch at low frequencies and also adds its own resonances to obtain a wideband performance. The proposed antenna structure achieves a measured impedance bandwidth of 124.4% covering frequency range from 4.4 to 18.9 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2364–2368, 2015

A novel CB ACS-fed dual band antenna with truncated ground plane for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN application

A novel conductor backed asymmetric coplanar strip (CBACS) fed dual band antenna which is suitable for wireless local area network is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of inverted L-shaped exciting strip, a lateral ground plane and a modified truncated ground plane on the backside with overall dimension of about 25mm×17.5mm×1.6mm. The proposed design comprises monopole patch with asymmetric coplanar ground plane with conductor backing exhibit dual band of response with measured bandwidth of return loss ≤−10dB is 2.30–2.55GHz and 4.06–6.65GHz which cover all the WLAN bands (2.4/5.2/5.8GHz). The parametric studies indicate that operating frequencies and wider bandwidth are determined by the dimension of the ground plane at the top and bottom. The proposed antenna covers IEEE 802.11a/b/HYPERLAN-2/RFID band with good radiation characteristics. The measurement of proposed antenna that has been printed on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 yields good conformity between simulated results. The proposed structure is simulated using the method of moment based electromagnetic solver IE3D version 15.10.

Design of Microstrip Antennas Arrays with Circular Patch at Frequency of 2.5 GHz

This paper analyses the influence of microstrip antenna arrays designed for a frequency of 2.5 GHz, aiming at applications in wireless communications. From a standard antenna with circular patch, elements are introduced to obtain linear and circular array, since arrays are interesting, whenever it want high gains. While the linear arrays are simple and practical, circular arrays can provide better symmetry. In case of the circular array, this also is considered with truncated ground plane, which shows applicable UWB communications. The prototypes are built and measured data are compared with the simulated data showing a good agreement.

Continuously tunable band‐notched ultrawideband antenna

ABSTRACTA compact coplanar wave guide ‐fed elliptically tapered ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with a tunable narrow rejection band of 0.195 GHz with tunable range (5.07–5.83) GHz is presented. The proposed antenna consists of elliptically tapered patch, elliptically tapered and truncated ground plane to achieve the UWB bandwidth. A quarter wavelength stubs loaded with a varactor diode has been used to tune the notched band. The proposed antenna has been fabricated on low cost FR4 substrate with dimensions as (24 × 30 × 1.524) mm3. Both the frequency domain as well the time domain performance characterization have been carried out and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:924–928, 2015

A new simple compact ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna with enhanced bandwidth and improved radiation pattern

A new simple compact ultra-wideband (UWB) dielectric resonator antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a modified stepped microstrip-fed monopole printed antenna loaded with a rectangular dielectric resonator, truncated ground plane, and a parasitic strip underneath the dielectric resonator (DR). Using an optimized truncated ground plane and a combination of stepped feed line with DR an ultra-wide impedance bandwidth of 153% for (∣S11∣ ≤ −10 dB), covering the frequency range of (3.7–28 GHz) is achieved. The added parasitic strip can improve the radiation pattern, especially at high frequencies. The proposed antenna covers almost the entire UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz), Ku (12.4–18 GHz), and K (18–26.6 GHz) frequency bands. Also this antenna has an omnidirectional and stable radiation pattern over the whole operating frequency range and a compact size of (15 × 20 × 5.8 mm3) that make it suitable for wideband wireless system applications. This structure is light weight and can be easily fabricated. A prototype is built and measured. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

Miniaturized Self-Oscillating Active Integrated Antenna with Quasi-Isotropic Radiation

By placing a loop radiator over a truncated ground plane, a self-oscillating active integrated antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation is proposed in this communication. The proposed antenna comprises a loop radiator and an unstable transistor in direct integration. As the radiator is partially shielded, equivalent electric and magnetic dipole moments can be generated simultaneously, therefore giving rise to nearly uniform radiation in terms of the total electric field. The design concept is first introduced, followed by the simulation scheme and experimental results. The measured radiation characteristics support the operational principle of the proposed scheme.

Two-Step Beveled UWB Printed Monopole Antenna with Band Notch

This paper presents a novel compact printed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna featured with the band notch. The proposed antenna consists of a two-step beveled radiant patch and a truncated ground plane, which can provide a good impedance matching from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. In order to generate the band-notched characteristics, two symmetrical slots are embedded along with the microstrip feeding line, resulting in a band notch from 5.05 GHz to 5.85 GHz. Accordingly, the mutual electromagnetic interference between the UWB and wireless local area network (WLAN) radio communication systems can be eliminated. In addition, it is shown how the slots integrated on the ground plane improve the radiation patterns. The experimental measurements are found to be in good agreement with the numerical simulations.

A Compact Novel Tapered U Slot Ultra Wideband Antenna

This paper presents the design and results of a novel, compact and miniaturized tapered U slot UWB printed monopole microstrip antenna for wireless applications. The planar, small and thin UWB antenna fed by a single 50Ω microstrip line with truncated ground plane is excited by a coaxial SMA connector. The correct feed position is determined for impedance matching. The simulation was done using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The simulated results of impedance bandwidth, radiation patterns and group delay are well supported by measurement. Extensive investigations are also carried out on the same antenna design by varying the dimensions to reduce the overall size of the antenna for miniaturization and the UWB performance parameters are studied. The antennas are fabricated and the measured impedance bandwidths defined by VSWR＜2 are 10.34GHz (3.66-14GHz) and 10.60GHz (3.4-14GHz) on FR4 substrate.

Quad band‐notched ultrawideband antenna with a modified H‐shaped resonator

In this study, a novel planar ultrawideband antenna, with a quad band-notched function, is investigated. The proposed antenna consists of a circular-shaped radiating element, a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, a modified H-shaped resonator, and a partially truncated ground plane. The proposed H-shaped resonator, with quadruple resonance characteristics, is realised without any change in its size but instead, by modifying the simplified composite right/left-handed resonator with dual resonance characteristics. By embedding the modified H-shaped resonator beside the microstrip feedline, band-rejected filtering properties in the wireless local area network /worldwide interoperability for microwave access bands are generated. By changing the modified H-shaped resonator's dimensions, the proposed antenna shows variable quadplex-filtering characteristics, such as band-notch frequency and its bandwidth. The measured results show that the proposed antenna design exhibits a 10 dB return loss bandwidth from 2.12 to 13.63 GHz, excluding the rejection bands. Very sharp notch and high band-rejection are achieved, and relatively stable omnidirectional radiation performance over the entire frequency range is also obtained.

A Compact Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Dual Bandstop Characteristics

A compact and simple ultra-wideband microstrip-fed planar antenna with double bandstop characteristic is presented. The antenna consists of a rectangular monopole and two W-shaped slots inserted into the radiating patch and the truncated ground plane. By using a W-shaped slot defected ground structure (DGS) in the feedline, a stopband of 800 MHz (from 5.1 to 5.9 GHz) for band rejection of wireless local area network (WLAN) is achieved. To obtain the other stopband (from 3.7-4.4 GHz), a same shaped slot is etched into the monopole. Moreover, the two stopbands can be controlled by adjusting the length of the slot respectively. The simulation results show that the designed antenna, with a compact size of 38.5 mm×42.5 mm, has an impedance bandwidth of 2.811 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2, besides two frequency stopbands of 3.74.4 GHz and 5.15.9 GHz. Moreover, the main features including omnidirectional H-plane radiation patterns and the appropriate impedance characteristic are achieved by beveling the radiating patch and the microstrip-fed line of the proposed antenna.

지상파 디지털 방송 수신용 소형 반 보우 타이 형 준-야기 안테나

본 논문에서는 지상파 디지털 방송 수신용 광대역 평면 야기 안테나의 설계방법에 대해 연구하였다. 다이폴을 급전하는 코플래너 스트립은 스트립에 내장된 마이크로스트립과 연결되고 종단은 단락되어 있다. 급전되는 다이폴에 근접한 영역에 폭이 넓은 직사각형 스트립 도파기를 부가하여 광대역 임피던스 정합과 고주파 대역의 이득특성을 구현하였고, 접지면 반사기를 추가하여 저주파 대역의 이득 특성을 개선하였다. 안테나를 소형화하기 위해 다이폴과 반사기의 모양을 반 보우-타이(V) 형으로 변형하였으며, 여러 가지 파라미터들이 안테나 특성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 제안된 구조의 안테나를 지상파 DTV 주파수 대역인 470-806 MHz 대역에서 동작하도록 설계하였다. 최적화된 안테나를 FR4 기판 상에 제작하고 특성을 실험한 결과 VSWR < 2 인 대역 450-848 MHz, 이득 > 4.1 dBi, 전후방비 > 10.4 dB 등의 우수한 성능을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, we introduce a design method for a broadband planar quasi-Yagi antenna (QYA) for terrestrial digital television (DTV) reception. The coplanar strip line which feeds the driver dipole is connected to a microstrip line and is terminated by short circuit. By appending a wide strip-type rectangular director at a location close to the driver dipole, broadband impedance matching and gain enhancement in a high frequency region are obtained. The gain characteristics in a low frequency region are improved by adding a reflector formed by a truncated ground plane. To reduce the antenna size, the strip-type dipole and reflector are modified to half bow-tie (V)-shaped elements. The effects of various parameters on the antenna characteristics are examined. An antenna, as a design example for the proposed antenna, is designed for the operation in the frequency band of 470-806 MHz for terrestrial DTV. The optimized antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate and the experimental results show that the antenna has a good performance such as a frequency band of 450-848 MHz for a VSWR < 2, gain > 4.1 dBi, and front-to-back ratio > 10.4 dB.

Design and development of a small compact ultra wideband antenna

In this paper the design of a novel and compact U slot UWB printed monopole microstrip antenna of size 19.2 × 28.8 mm2 has been presented for wireless applications. The planar, small and thin UWB antenna design consists of a U slot radiator fed by a single 50Ω microstrip line with truncated ground plane is excited by a coaxial SMA connector. The simulations are done using the Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software tool. The simulated results of impedance bandwidth are well supported by measurement. The measured group delay and radiation pattern results are also presented and performance of the antenna is analyzed/discussed.

Design and Analysis of Modified Planar Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications with Truncation in Ground Plane

In the proposed paper, a planar monopole antenna with modified patch and truncated ground plane for Ultra wideband (UWB) applications is presented. The radiating element of the proposed antenna is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line. Truncation in the ground plane is made for better impedance matching. It is found that by making steps in the ground plane, return loss characteristics and hence the VSWR is improved. The antenna parameters and performances have been investigated by using commercially available CST Microwave Studio software. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antenna provides an ultra wide bandwidth, completely covering the range set by the Federal Communication Commision (FCC) for UWB operations (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz).The antenna is of low profile and exhibits omnidirectional radiation pattern and high gain for the entire bandwidth.