True Space Research Articles

A volumetric 3D display based on a DLP projection engine

In this article, we describe a volumetric 3D display system based on the high speed DLP™ (Digital Light Processing) projection engine. Existing two-dimensional (2D) flat screen displays often lead to ambiguity and confusion in high-dimensional data/graphics presentation due to lack of true depth cues. Even with the help of powerful 3D rendering software, three-dimensional (3D) objects displayed on a 2D flat screen may still fail to provide spatial relationship or depth information correctly and effectively. Essentially, 2D displays have to rely upon capability of human brain to piece together a 3D representation from 2D images. Despite the impressive mental capability of human visual system, its visual perception is not reliable if certain depth cues are missing.In contrast, volumetric 3D display technologies to be discussed in this article are capable of displaying 3D volumetric images in true 3D space. Each “voxel” on a 3D image (analogous to a pixel in 2D image) locates physically at the spatial position where it is supposed to be, and emits light from that position toward omni-directions to form a real 3D image in 3D space. Such a volumetric 3D display provides both physiological depth cues and psychological depth cues to human visual system to truthfully perceive 3D objects. It yields a realistic spatial representation of 3D objects and simplifies our understanding to the complexity of 3D objects and spatial relationship among them.

Planar Beurling Transform and Bergman Type Spaces

In this paper we describe the actions of the operator \(S_\mathbb{D }\) or its adjoint \(S_\mathbb{D }^*\) on the poly-Bergman spaces of the unit disk \(\mathbb{D }.\) Let \(k\) and \(j\) be positive integers. We prove that \((S_\mathbb{D })^{j}\) is an isometric isomorphism between the true poly-Bergman subspace \(\mathcal{A }_{(k)}^2(\mathbb{D })\ominus N_{(k),j}\) onto the true poly-Bergman space \(\mathcal{A }_{(j+k)}^2(\mathbb{D }),\) where the linear space \(N_{(k),j}\) have finite dimension \(j.\) The action of \((S_\mathbb{D })^{j-1}\) on the canonical Hilbert base for the Bergman subspace \(\mathcal{A }^2(\mathbb{D })\ominus \mathcal{P }_{j-1},\) gives a Hilbert base \(\{ \phi _{ j , k } \}_{ k }\) for \(\mathcal{A }_{(j)}^2(\mathbb{D }).\) It is shown that \(\{ \phi _{ j , k } \}_{ j, k }\) is a Hilbert base for \(L^2(\mathbb{D },d A)\) such that whenever \(j\) and \(k\) remain constant we obtain a Hilbert base for the true poly-Bergman space \(\mathcal{A }_{(j)}^2(\mathbb{D })\) and \(\mathcal{A }_{(-k)}^2(\mathbb{D }),\) respectively. The functions \(\phi _{ j , k }\) are polynomials in \(z\) and \(\overline{z}\) and are explicitly given in terms of the \((2,1)\)-hypergeometric polynomials. We prove explicit representations for the true poly-Bergman kernels and the Koshelev representation for the poly-Bergman kernels of \(\mathbb{D }.\) The action of \(S_\Pi \) on the true poly-Bergman spaces of the upper half-plane \(\Pi \) allows one to introduce Hilbert bases for the true poly-Bergman spaces, and to give explicit representations of the true poly-Bergman and poly-Bergman kernels.

Development of Land Resource Management Data System Based on MAPGIS

MapGIS is an implementation of remote sensing processing and GIS fully integrated to support air, ground, and surface, underground true three-dimensional space integration GIS development platform. The task of the management of land resources data system is grasp timely, fully and correctly the utilization status of the land resources of great significance for strengthening the management of land resources. The paper presents the development of land resource management data system based on MAPGIS. The MAPGIS software platform can from remote sensing images for land resources information to help the digital land resource management, modern and scientific.

NEWTON AND KANT: QUANTITY OF MATTER IN THE METAPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NATURAL SCIENCE

abstractImmanuel Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (1786) provides metaphysical foundations for the application of mathematics to empirically given nature. The application that Kant primarily has in mind is that achieved in Isaac Newton's Principia (1687). Thus, Kant's first chapter, the Phoronomy, concerns the mathematization of speed or velocity, and his fourth chapter, the Phenomenology, concerns the empirical application of the Newtonian notions of true or absolute space, time, and motion. This paper concentrates on Kant's second and third chapters—the Dynamics and the Mechanics, respectively—and argues that they are best read as providing a transcendental explanation of the conditions for the possibility of applying the (mathematical) concept of quantity of matter to experience. Kant again has in mind the empirical measures of this quantity that Newton fashions in the Principia, and he aims to make clear, in particular, how Newton achieves a universal measure for all bodies whatsoever by projecting the static quantity of terrestrial weight into the heavens by means of the theory of universal gravitation. Kant is not attempting to prove a priori what Newton has established empirically but, rather, to clarify the character of Newton's mathematization by building Newton's empirical measures into the very concept of matter that is articulated in the Metaphysical Foundations.

Intelligent detection of defects of yarn-dyed fabrics by energy-based local binary patterns

For the purpose of realizing fast and effective detection of defects of yarn-dyed fabric via computer vision, and in consideration of the inherent characteristics of texture, that is, color and structure, an applicable approach for intelligent defect detection is proposed in this paper. The image of yarn-dyed fabric enhanced by fractional differentials is first converted from RGB true color space to L*a*b* color space, and energy-based feature images are acquired after the Log-Gabor filter filters chromatic and brightness channels. Then the paper defines the relations between energy and the local binary pattern as a new concept called energy-based local binary patterns (ELBPs). Finally defects can be detected, using ELBPs rather than grayscale-based local binary patterns. The proposed method can detect chromatic and structural defects. Experimental results for the defect detection from several collections of yarn-dyed fabrics indicate that a detection success rate of more than 94.09% is achieved for the proposed method, and the speed of test is also fast.

Automatic Defect Detection of Yarn-Dyed Fabrics Based on Energy Fusion and Local Binary Patterns

For the purpose of realizing fast and effective detection of defects of yarn-dyed fabric, and in consideration of the inherent characteristics of texture, i.e., color and structure, an approach for automatic defect detection is proposed in this paper. The image of yarn-dyed fabric to be enhanced is first converted from RGB true color space to L*a*b* color space. Then Log-gabor filters filter chromatic and brightness channels, and energy feature images are acquired after energy is fused between chromatic and brightness. Finally defects of yarn-dyed fabrics can be detected on the energy feature images using local binary patterns. The proposed method can detect colored and structural flaws. Experimental results for the defect detection from six kinds of yarn-dyed fabrics indicate that a high detection rate is achieved for the proposed method. It is fast enough to be possible for real-time application.

Multigrid methods for two‐player zero‐sum stochastic games

SUMMARYWe present a fast numerical algorithm for large scale zero‐sum stochastic games with perfect information, which combines policy iteration and algebraic multigrid methods. This algorithm can be applied either to a true finite state space zero‐sum two‐player game or to the discretization of an Isaacs equation. We present numerical tests on discretizations of Isaacs equations or variational inequalities. We also present a full multilevel policy iteration, similar to full multigrid algorithm (FMG), which allows one to improve substantially the computation time for solving some variational inequalities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Dilution effect and the Space fill effect: Seeking to offset statistical artifacts when analyzing animal space use from telemetry fixes

Statistical analysis of the spatial dispersion of telemetry locations (fixes) has an important role in ecological studies on animal space use, in particular in the context of home range behaviour. A home range typically emerges as a complex mixture of both short term and long term memory-dependence in movement and side fidelity. An extended statistical mechanical framework – the Multi-scaled Random Walk model (MRW) – seeks to account for the complexity from memory effects on individual space use. In particular, four main classes of movement can be distinguished from analysis of the fractal dimension of the spatial dispersion of fixes; Brownian motion-like (including classic random walk and correlated random walk), Levy walk-like, memory-enhanced Brownian motion-like and MRW-like. The two former classes represent memory-less space use, whilst the latter two classes are memory enhanced. The statistical mechanical approach behind this classification ideally requires large sets of fixes for analysis, and it is also necessary to adjust for two statistical artifacts, the Dilution effect and the Space fill effect. We describe the nature of these artifacts based on output from simulations, and propose statistical model modifications to minimize their influence on parameter estimation. We illustrate the analysis and modification protocols on data from simulations of individual space use and on telemetry fixes from 11 free-ranging domestic sheep, Ovis aries. The material for analysis of the sheep data is very limited (ca. 140 fixes per individual), a common issue for applied ecology. Some fixes were also lost due to occasionally very long-range sallies by the individual (missing signal). The study area was thus too narrowly defined to embed the sheep's true space use during the given sampling period. Still, the proposed methods allows for tweaking consistent parameter estimation from the data, given a close focus on the statistical artifacts.

Preliminary X-ray analysis of twinned crystals of the Q88Y25_Lacpl esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.

Q88Y25_Lacpl is an esterase produced by the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 that shows amino-acid sequence similarity to carboxylesterases from the hormone-sensitive lipase family, in particular the AFEST esterase from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus and the hyperthermophilic esterase EstEI isolated from a metagenomic library. N-terminally His(6)-tagged Q88Y25_Lacpl has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells, purified and crystallized at 291 K using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the purity and homogeneity of the enzyme. Crystals of His(6)-tagged Q88Y25_Lacpl were prepared in a solution containing 2.8 M sodium acetate trihydrate pH 7.0. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.24 Å resolution on beamline ID29 at the ESRF. The apparent crystal point group was 422; however, initial global analysis of the intensity statistics (data processed with high symmetry in space group I422) and subsequent tests on data processed with low symmetry (space group I4) showed that the crystals were almost perfectly merohedrally twinned. Most probably, the true space group is I4, with unit-cell parameters a = 169.05, b = 169.05, c = 183.62 Å.

The space density and X-ray luminosity function of non-magnetic cataclysmic variables

We combine two complete, X-ray flux-limited surveys, the ROSAT Bright Survey (RBS) and the ROSAT North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) survey, to measure the space density (\rho) and X-ray luminosity function (\Phi) of non-magnetic CVs. The combined survey has a flux limit of F_X \ga 1.1 \times 10^{-12} erg cm^{-2}s^{-1} over most of its solid angle of just over 2\pi, but is as deep as \simeq 10^{-14} erg cm^{-2}s^{-1} over a small area. The CV sample that we construct from these two surveys contains 20 non-magnetic systems. We carefully include all sources of statistical error in calculating \rho and \Phi by using Monte Carlo simulations; the most important uncertainty proves to be the often large errors in distances estimates. If we assume that the 20 CVs in the combined RBS and NEP survey sample are representative of the intrinsic population, the space density of non-magnetic CVs is 4^{+6}_{-2} \times 10^{-6} pc^{-3}. We discuss the difficulty in measuring \Phi in some detail---in order to account for biases in the measurement, we have to adopt a functional form for \Phi. Assuming that the X-ray luminosity function of non-magnetic CVs is a truncated power law, we constrain the power law index to -0.80 \pm 0.05. It seems likely that the two surveys have failed to detect a large, faint population of short-period CVs, and that the true space density may well be a factor of 2 or 3 larger than what we have measured; this is possible, even if we only allow for undetected CVs to have X-ray luminosities in the narrow range 28.7< log(L_X/erg\,s^{-1})<29.7. However, \rho as high as 2 \times 10^{-4} pc^{-3} would require that the majority of CVs has X-ray luminosities below L_X = 4 \times 10^{28} erg s^{-1} in the 0.5--2.0 keV band.

Measurement of Dead Space During Anesthesia

To the Editor Badal et al.1 were neither precise nor consistent in the terminology and abbreviations used as part of the article describing measurements of dead space during anesthesia. They state that Bohr's equation was used to calculate alveolar dead space when, in fact, Enghoff's modification of Bohr's original equation (VD/VT = PaCO2 − PECO2/PaCO2) measuring physiologic dead space (which contains alveolar dead space and airway-anatomic dead space) was used.2 Because such imprecise terminology (apparatus, anatomic, pulmonary, alveolar, physiologic) and abbreviations (VDS/VT, VDC, VDc, VD) appear throughout the text, figures, and table, it is difficult to judge the results unless one is very familiar with the subject. A second point concerns study design and results. Referencing their previous work,3 the authors acknowledge the inherent limitations of their methods providing “an accurate approximation” of mixed expired PCO2. Therefore, a randomized study with a larger, more uniform population combined with measurement of true alveolar dead space using standard mainstream volumetric capnography would provide more insights into the real clinical value of the proposed method. Third, the method is presented as simple and inexpensive. However, it requires an additional capnograph as well as significant modification of the anesthesia circuit with the potential of leakage at the entrance of the sample line into the ventilator bellows. Yves P. S. Moens, DVM Division of Anaesthesiology and perioperative Intensive Care University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria [email protected] Gerardo Tusman, MD Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Privado de Comunidad Mar del Plata, Argentina Martina Mosing, DVM Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland Stephan Böhm, MD CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Research Centre for Nanomedicine Landquart, Switzerland

Thermodynamic-Based Modified Cam-Clay Constitutive Model Considering the Effect of Fabric

In order to construct a constitutive model taking into the effect of both the fabric tensors and their evolution modes, this paper links modern ideas of thermomechanics opinion to the theory of fabric tensors. The anisotropic dissipation incremental function of modified Cam-clay constitutive model considering the effect of fabric characteristic can be obtained by establishing the relation between microstructure and plastic volume strain. After discussing the yield surfaces in the dissipative and the true stress space from the viewpoint of the evolution mode of the fabric tensors, the results indicate that the slope of the normal consolidation line and the critical state line will be governed by changes of void fabric. The model successfully captures most salient behaviors of granular materials related to fabric issues. In the dissipative stress space, the void of granular materials can rearrange and show more anisotropic. In the true stress space, fabric not only affects the deflection of the yield surface, but also affects the hardening rule.

A graphical tool for selecting the number of slices and the dimension of the model in SIR and SAVE approaches

Sliced inverse regression (SIR) and related methods were introduced in order to reduce the dimensionality of regression problems. In general semiparametric regression framework, these methods determine linear combinations of a set of explanatory variables X related to the response variable Y, without losing information on the conditional distribution of Y given X. They are based on a “slicing step” in the population and sample versions. They are sensitive to the choice of the number H of slices, and this is particularly true for SIR-II and SAVE methods. At the moment there are no theoretical results nor practical techniques which allows the user to choose an appropriate number of slices. In this paper, we propose an approach based on the quality of the estimation of the effective dimension reduction (EDR) space: the square trace correlation between the true EDR space and its estimate can be used as goodness of estimation. We introduce a naive bootstrap estimation of the square trace correlation criterion to allow selection of an “optimal” number of slices. Moreover, this criterion can also simultaneously select the corresponding suitable dimension K (number of the linear combination of X). From a practical point of view, the choice of these two parameters H and K is essential. We propose a 3D-graphical tool, implemented in R, which can be useful to select the suitable couple (H, K). An R package named “edrGraphicalTools” has been developed. In this article, we focus on the SIR-I, SIR-II and SAVE methods. Moreover the proposed criterion can be use to determine which method seems to be efficient to recover the EDR space, that is the structure between Y and X. We indicate how the proposed criterion can be used in practice. A simulation study is performed to illustrate the behavior of this approach and the need for selecting properly the number H of slices and the dimension K. A short real-data example is also provided.

Combination of Minimum-Maximum (m-m) Attribute and Zero-INTENS-Difference (z-i-d) Attribute for Estimating Seismically Thin-Bed Thickness

This paper demonstrates a new alternative way in estimating seismically thin-bed (below-tuning) thickness. Initial thickness is built by band- pass filtering the amplitude display of a zero-phase seismic. The filter removes the non minimum and or non maximum and left the maximum and or the minimum of seismic amplitude. The unresolved below-tuning thickness is then corrected by zero-INTENS-difference (z-i-d) attribute. INTENS is integrated energy spectra, an attribute which can be derived from spectral analysis. z-i-d attribute is zero difference of INTENS between the seismic and its synthetic. The method generates INTENS difference profile by subtracting seismic INTENS and its synthetic INTENS iteratively. The iteration is controlled by dipole space shifting from distance to closer or vice versa. The true thickness is derived by locating z-i-d which laid in INTENS different profile. It has found that, for free noise true seismic and perfect-wavelet (a wavelet which only approximately similar with wavelet which constructing the true seismic) synthetic seismic, in INTENS different profile, the z-i-d location always corresponds to true dipole space or thickness. The method could resolve all thickness of a wedge-modeled seismic with three different dominant frequencies. When the synthetic seismic is constructed with imperfect wavelet, slightly different analysis is needed to locate z-i-d attribute and the result is not as perfect as when perfect wavelet constructing synthetic seismic. A quiet similar result is got when the method is implemented for noisy wedge-modeled seismic. Bad thickness estimation is resulted for 20% noise seismic. The method algorithm is extended for similar dipole polarity model and multilayer model to bring the method to real seismic data nearer. The extension is done by estimating thickness of every layer of a stacked-wedge-modeled seismic. The algorithm then generalized for estimating layers thickness with several thickness combinations. The method was able to delineate shallow channel of Stratton Field by providing good pseudo-acoustic- impedance (pseudo AI) map.

Combining meteorological radar and network of rain gauges data for space–time model development

AbstractTechnological developments and the trend to go higher and higher in frequency give rise to the need for true space–time rain field models for testing the dynamics of fade countermeasures. There are many models that capture the spatial correlation of rain fields. Worth mentioning are those models based on cell ensembles. However, the rain rate fields created in this way need the introduction of the time variable to reproduce their dynamics. In this paper, we have concentrated on addressing the time domain effects while we have relied on existing spatial rain field models for creating initial fields, which are propagated (advected) according to proposed models and assumptions, some of which have been drawn from a combined use of a concurrent weather radar and a network of rain gauges. The dynamic modeling presented simulates the advection of a synthetically generated rain field according to dynamic, spatially correlated advection fields extracted from the analysis of weather radar images. Experimental data and model fits have been presented as well. Further ideas on how to improve the realism of the generated dynamic fields have also been presented. Furthermore, the limitations of radar data, especially those related to their limited time resolution, for the required space–time models have been pointed out. These can be overcome by using data from a network of rain gauges. However, it is important to be aware of the similarities and differences between these two sources. A comparative study of these two data sets has also been presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Net Pay: What Is It? What Does It Do? How Do We Quantify It? How Do We Use It?

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 123561, ’Net Pay: What Is It? What Does It Do? How Do We Quantify It? How Do We Use It?’ by Paul F. Worthington, SPE, Gaffney, Cline &amp; Associates, prepared for the 2009 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, 4-6 August. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Knowledge of net pay is important in the volumetric estimation of hydrocarbon resources, a practice that underpins the value of the petroleum industry. Yet, there is no universal definition of net pay. Net/gross pay constitutes a major source of uncertainty in volumetric resources estimates, second only to gross rock volume. A defensible rationale to guide the quantification of net pay (thickness) is presented. Central to this process is the identification of net-pay cutoffs. Introduction Net pay is a key parameter in reservoir evaluation. It identifies penetrated geological sections that have sufficient reservoir quality and interstitial hydrocarbon volume to function as producing intervals. It contributes to estimating a meaningful in-place volume against which recovery efficiency can be assessed usefully. Thus, net pay is central to the static-volumetric method of estimating ultimate recovery. Moreover, it facilitates reservoir simulation, because nonreservoir rock does not need to be characterized for inclusion. The full-length paper details methods of quantifying net pay by use of formation properties, and it promotes a method with fewer drawbacks. These matters are especially important during the early stages of field life, when uncertainty in estimated petroleum resources is greatest. Formation Thicknesses The total thickness of an evaluation interval, either along hole or in true vertical space, is termed “gross thickness.” The term “net thickness” indicates that some of the gross thickness has been removed. There are three types of net thickness: net sand, net reservoir, and net pay. Their interrelationship is summarized in Fig. 1. Net pay is a subinterval of net reservoir, which is, in turn, a subinterval of net sand. These thicknesses are used along hole for completions purposes and in true vertical space for volumetric computations. This classical terminology is rooted in the onshore oil industry. Although its use is widespread, it is inexact. Net sand would be described better as “net potential reservoir,” a term that encompasses, for example, carbonates and fractured basement. Net-reservoir intervals contain rocks that are identified as having a useful capability to store fluids and allow them to flow. In this respect, the term static volumetrics is potentially misleading. Net pay is a descriptor that originates in single-well completions onshore, where technical and economic decisions are contemporaneous. Where economic decisions are made on a field scale, a better term might be “net hydrocarbons.” In terms of the adopted convention, the ratio of net-to-gross thickness takes three forms: net/gross sand, net/gross reservoir, and net/gross pay. It is not appropriate to use the term “net/gross” without qualifying what it is.

Evaluation of vascular space involvement in endometrial adenocarcinomas: laparoscopic vs abdominal hysterectomies

Recent reports have described ‘vascular pseudoinvasion’ in total laparoscopic hysterectomies with endometrial carcinoma. To better understand this phenomenon, we compared pathologic findings in these laparoscopic and total abdominal hysterectomies performed for uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Reports from 58 robotically assisted laparoscopic and 39 abdominal hysterectomies with grade 1 or 2 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas were reviewed for stage, depth of invasion, vascular space involvement, uterine weight, and lymph node metastases. In addition, attention was given to possible procedural artifacts, including vertical endomyometrial clefts, and inflammatory debris, benign endometrial glands, and disaggregated tumor cells in vascular spaces. All foci with vascular involvement were reviewed by three gynecologic pathologists. Nine of the 58 (16%) laparoscopic and 3 of the 39 (7%) abdominal hysterectomies contained vascular space involvement based on the original pathology reports (P-value=0.0833). No one histologic feature consistently distinguished laparoscopic from abdominal cases on blind review of the available cases. Disaggregated intravascular tumor cells were significantly associated with reported vascular involvement in both procedures (P-values<0.001 and 0.016), most of which were corroborated on review. Laparoscopic procedures tend to have a higher index of vascular involvement, which is associated with lower stage, fewer lymph node metastases, and less myometrial invasion; however, pathologists cannot consistently determine the procedure on histologic findings alone. Moreover, there is significant inter-observer variability in distinguishing true from artifactual vascular space involvement, even among pathologists at the same institution. The clinical significance of apparent true vascular space involvement seen adjacent to artifacts is unclear, as is the impact of laparoscopic hysterectomy on recurrence risk.

3D volumes constructed from pixel‐based images by digitally clearing plant and animal tissue

Construction of three-dimensional volumes from a series of two-dimensional images has been restricted by the limited capacity to decrease the opacity of tissue. The use of commercial software that allows colour-keying and manipulation of two-dimensional images in true three-dimensional space allowed us to construct three-dimensional volumes from pixel-based images of stained plant and animal tissue without generating vector information. We present three-dimensional volumes of (1) the crown of an oat plant showing internal responses to a freezing treatment, (2) a sample of a hepatocellular carcinoma from a woodchuck liver that had been heat-treated with computer-guided radiofrequency ablation to induce necrosis in the central portion of the tumour, and (3) several features of a sample of mouse lung. The technique is well suited to images from large sections (greater than 1 mm) generated from paraffin-embedded tissues. It is widely applicable, having potential to recover three-dimensional information at virtually any resolution inherent in images generated by light microscopy, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or electron microscopy.

Fusing visual and clinical information for lung tissue classification in high-resolution computed tomography

We investigate the influence of the clinical context of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of the chest on tissue classification. 2D regions of interest in HRCT axial slices from patients affected with an interstitial lung disease are automatically classified into five classes of lung tissue. Relevance of the clinical parameters is studied before fusing them with visual attributes. Two multimedia fusion techniques are compared: early versus late fusion. Early fusion concatenates features in one single vector, yielding a true multimedia feature space. Late fusion consisting of the combination of the probability outputs of two support vector machines. The late fusion scheme allowed a maximum of 84% correct predictions of testing instances among the five classes of lung tissue. This represents a significant improvement of 10% compared to a pure visual-based classification. Moreover, the late fusion scheme showed high robustness to the number of clinical parameters used, which suggests that it is appropriate for mining clinical attributes with missing values in clinical routine.

Symplectic approach to lightcone QCD

We develop a symplectic method of quantization of lightcone QCD. We find that boundary gauge fields are crucial for a consistent and complete quantization. By applying the symplectic Faddeev–Jackiw method, we very carefully remove unphysical degrees of freedom and obtain the true phase space and the complete Hamiltonian. The result is important for the high energy QCD evolution and for a further extension of the JIMWLK equation, for which we find the second-order correction. Finally, we make an important note about a peculiarity of four space–time dimensions. In additional, our method sheds new light on the lightcone quantization of a scalar field.