True Rotation Research Articles

Is the growth pattern in mouth breathers comparable with the counterclockwise mandibular rotation of nasal breathers?

The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate mandibular rotation and angular remodeling in mouth-breathing children compared with nasal-breathing children. The sample included 55 severely obstructed mouth-breathing children (mean age, 6.1 years) and 55 nasal-breathing children (mean age, 7.3 years). The cephalograms at baseline and after 1 year were traced and measured, and superimpositions were made to determine true mandibular rotation, apparent rotation, and angular remodeling. The significance level was set at 5%. The mouth-breathing children had a longer face cephalometric pattern compared with nasal-breathing children. No cranial deflection differences were observed. No changes in the vertical growth pattern were observed during the 1-year period in either group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding apparent rotation (mouth breathing, -0.54°, vs nasal breathing, -0.41°). In comparison with the nasal breathers, the mouth breathers showed statistically significant lower yearly rates of counterclockwise true rotation (mouth breathing, -0.60°, vs nasal breathing, -1.31°) and angular remodeling (mouth breathing, 0.06°, vs nasal breathing, 0.87°). Mouth-breathing children had a hyperdivergent cephalometric pattern, but against all expectations, counterclockwise true mandibular and apparent rotations were the average observations. Mouth-breathing children showed less true rotation and angular remodeling than did nasal breathers; however, apparent rotations were similar.

THE PECULIAR PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF 2010 WG9: A SLOWLY ROTATING TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECT FROM THE OORT CLOUD

We present long-term BVRI observations of 2010 WG9, an ~100-km diameter trans-Neptunian object (TNO) with an extremely high inclination of 70 deg discovered by the La Silla - QUEST southern sky survey. Most of the observations were obtained with ANDICAM on the SMARTS 1.3m at Cerro Tololo, Chile from Dec 2010 to Nov 2012. Additional observations were made with EFOSC2 on the 3.5-m NTT telescope of the European Southern Observatory at La Silla, Chile in Feb 2011. The observations reveal a sinusoidal light curve with amplitude 0.14 mag and period 5.4955 +/- 0.0025d, which is likely half the true rotation period. Such long rotation periods have previously been observed only for tidally-evolved binary TNOs, suggesting that 2010 WG9 may be such a system. We predict a nominal separation of at least 790 km, resolvable with HST and ground-based systems. We measure B-R = 1.318 +/- 0.029 and V-R = 0.520 +/- 0.018, consistent with the colors of modestly red Centaurs and Damocloids. At I-band wavelengths, we observe an unusually large variation of color with rotational phase, with R-I ranging from 0.394 +/- 0.025 to 0.571 +/- 0.044. We also measure an absolute R-band absolute magnitude of 7.93 +/- 0.05 and solar phase coefficient 0.049 +/- 0.019 mag/deg.

Noncooperative bovine iris recognition via SIFT

Iris biometry has been widely used to recognize an individual in a natural and intuitive way. Conventional iris recognition systems transfer iris images to rectangle using polar coordinate after accurate segmentation, and have performed very well on accurate data. However, bovine iris images are usually irregular with respect to inactive participant, and the conventional methods cannot achieve high accuracy and true rotation invariance. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and bag-of-features. Firstly, region-based active contour is used to detect the inner boundary. Secondly, SIFT method is applied to detect the keypoints in the iris image, and points located in pupil region are removed. Then, feature vocabulary is constructed, and histogram representation for each iris image is generated. Finally, histogram distance is adopted for the matching test. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness and potential of developed noncooperative iris recognition.

Projective Geometry of Attitude Parameterizations with Applications to Control

This paper examines the projective geometry of three-parameter attitude representations that are constructed by projecting a four-parameter unit quaternion representation from its unit hypersphere onto a three-dimensional hyperplane. Using this geometrical perspective, the paper demonstrates how kinematics of relative attitude motion characteristic of attitude tracking problems follow naturally from comparing projections from two different reference directions. The paper also demonstrates that among a continuum of possible projection pole placements there exist optimal distances for which resulting projected parameterizations yield magnitudes that accurately approximate all practical rotation angles. These parameterizations referred to in this paper as proxy-rotation vectors can be custom tuned for any expected range of rotation angles. They and their kinematics are free from trigonometric functions and do not require special handling if the rotation angle approaches zero. It is shown that this computational simplicity of the proxy-rotation vectors can be advantageous for linear feedback attitude controls and for certain classes of time-efficient attitude steering laws, where they can replace the more computationally cumbersome true rotation vector. The paper studies how kinematic singularities affect closed-loop stability and demonstrates that redesigning control laws to ensure closed-loop convergence toward the nearest equilibrium is equivalent to augmenting attitude parameterizations with their shadow counterparts.

Anthelmintic resistance in Northern Ireland (II): Variations in nematode control practices between lowland and upland sheep flocks

A questionnaire to obtain information on nematode control practices and sheep management was sent to over 1000 farmers in Northern Ireland. Replies were received from 305 flock owners, and data from 252 of them were analysed. Farms were divided into lowland and upland areas. Sizes of pasture and stocking rates on lowland and upland farms were 59.5 hectares, 6.99 sheep/hectare and 62.9 hectares and 10.01 sheep/hectare, respectively. Mean drenching rates for lambs and adults were 2.33 and 2.44, respectively, in lowland flocks and 2.73 and 2.71, respectively, in upland flocks. Between 2008 and 2011, the most frequently identified compounds in use were benzimidazoles and moxidectin in lowland flocks, and benzimidazoles and avermectins in upland flocks. Over the same period the most frequently identified commercial formulations were Tramazole®, Panacur® and Allverm® (white drench), Levacide® (yellow drench), Oramec® (clear drench; avermectin), Cydectin® (clear drench; moxidectin) and Monepantel® (orange drench).Most respondents (56.35%) treated their lambs at weaning and the most common time to treat ewes was identified to be pre-mating (67.86% of respondents).The results of the questionnaire survey revealed that lowland annual drench frequency was 2.33 and 2.44 in lambs and ewes, respectively, although drench frequencies were higher in upland flocks: 2.73 and 2.71 for lambs and ewes, respectively.Annual drench rotation was practiced by 43.96% of flock owners, but whether this was true rotation or pseudo-rotation (i.e., substitution of one anthelmintic product by another product belonging to the same chemical group of anthelmintics) could not be explicitly determined.

Partition of unity and drilling rotations in the boundary element method (BEM)

This paper presents a novel approach to include drilling rotations in the classical two-dimensional boundary element method. The approach is based on a simple partition of unity strategy that gives rise to a fictitious rotational degree of freedom (using the well known Allman’s triangle strategy). A functional based on the rotational residual ties the average fictitious drilling rotation field to the true rotation field induced from the two-dimensional elasticity problem and additionally provides the required extra equation for the enriched BEM formulation. The approach maintains the boundary only character of BEM and the partition of unity enrichment makes it general (totally kernel independent) and efficient (just certain areas of the boundary could be enriched). The accuracy of the proposed method is assessed with well known benchmark problems (e.g. Cook’s membrane).

Treatment Changes of Chin Position in Class-II Division 1 Patients - A Cephalometric Study

The present study is designed to evaluate the changes of chin position in class- II division 1 growing patients, treated with Activator-headgear (ActHg) and Herbst appiiance and attempt is made to ascertain the most important determinants of AP (anteroposterior) chin position. Sample of 28 growing individuals with skeletal and dental Class II was divided in to three groups, (Activator headgear (ActHg) group 10, Herbst group 10 and a control group of 8 patients). Pre (Tl) and post (T2) growth modulation/observation standardized lateral cephalograms were traced, horizontal and vertical movements of selected landmarks were described based on Reference grid, a rectangular coordinates (X, Y). Condylar growth and true rotation of the mandible were calculated by mandibular superimpositions. Reduction in ANB was mainly due to mandibular growth with no signifïcant change in SNA value. Schudy's pogonion formula was not supported by the results. The most important determinant of anterior chin movements during growth and treatment was true rotation. Methods commonly used to correct Class II skeletal malocclusions produce no significant improvements in anteroposterior chin position. Skeletal Class II correction in growing adolescents results primarily from mandibular growth. Anteroposterior changes in chin position cannot bc accurately predicted by Schudy's pogonion formula, iustcad approximately 70% of the variability in entcroposterior movement of the chin can be explained by true rotation, horizontal and vertical condylar growth, and remodeling of the glenoid fossa.

Unbiasedness of simultaneous independent measurement

We manage to get the true parameter value out of biased data without any zero calibration, a result which has not been reported to our knowledge. In order to obtain the true value of a given physical quantity out of biased noises, a general model and an algorithm based on simultaneous independent measurements are demonstrated. A decision function is constructed using variable measuring vectors. A nonlinear estimator is provided using linear combinations of differential statistics of initial observations. Repeated gyroscope experiments targeting the Earth's local rotation velocity are implemented to validate the algorithm and the estimator. Experimental results show that the true rotation velocity is obtained even if initial observations are either positively or negatively biased. Therefore, it is possible to get the true value of a physical quantity using simultaneous multi-dimensional measurements, no matter whether systematic biases exist or not. This reveals a phenomenon that physical observations, even though obscured by time-varying biases and noises, have an intrinsic true-value feature which has not been made use of in current theories and applications.

Mandibular rotation during the transitional dentition

To determine whether dentoalveolar changes or vertical condylar growth is more closely related to the true forward rotation of the mandible during the transition between the late primary and early mixed dentition stages of development. The sample included 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) with Class I (N = 25) and Class II (N = 25) molar relationships. They were selected based on the availability of lateral cephalograms at two developmental stages: T1: last film with complete primary dentition (5.8 ± 0.4 years) and T2: first film with permanent incisors and permanent molars fully erupted (8.0 ± 0.2 years). Seventeen landmarks were identified and 22 measurements were calculated. The mandibles at T1 and T2 were superimposed using natural reference structures in order to measure true mandibular rotation. The mandible underwent -2.4° ± 2.6° of true rotation, 1.9° ± 2.4° of remodeling, and -0.6° ± 1.8° of apparent rotation. There were no significant sex or Class differences in true rotation, remodeling, and apparent rotation. There was a moderate correlation (r = 0.76) between true rotation and remodeling and a moderately low correlation (r = 0.40) between true rotation and apparent rotation. There was a weak correlation between true rotation and SNA (r = 0.28). True rotation was most closely associated with the increases in U1/S-N (r = -0.34), increases in U1/PP (r = -0.36), and decreases in Id-Me (r = 0.36). Independent of sex and Class, the true mandibular rotation that occurred between the late primary and early mixed dentition was mostly masked by angular remodeling, resulting in limited amounts of apparent rotation. True rotation was significantly related to anterior dentoalveolar changes but not to the vertical growth changes that occurred.

The CoRoT B-type binary HD 50230: a prototypical hybrid pulsator with g-mode period and p-mode frequency spacings

B-type stars are promising targets for asteroseismic modelling, since their frequency spectrum is relatively simple. We deduce and summarise observational constraints for the hybrid pulsator, HD50230, earlier reported to have deviations from a uniform period spacing of its gravity modes. The combination of spectra and a high-quality light curve measured by the CoRoT satellite allow a combined approach to fix the position of HD50230 in the HR diagram. To describe the observed pulsations, classical Fourier analysis was combined with short-time Fourier transformations and frequency spacing analysis techniques. Visual spectra were used to constrain the projected rotation rate of the star and the fundamental parameters of the target. In a first approximation, the combined information was used to interpret multiplets and spacings to infer the true surface rotation rate and a rough estimate of the inclination angle. We identify HD50230 as a spectroscopic binary and characterise the two components. We detect the simultaneous presence of high-order g modes and low-order p and g-modes in the CoRoT light curve, but were unable to link them to line profile variations in the spectroscopic time series. We extract the relevant information from the frequency spectrum, which can be used for seismic modelling, and explore possible interpretations of the pressure mode spectrum.

Relationship between shaft bowing in the femur and tibia and bone mineral density in women with varus knee osteoarthritis

s / Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 20 (2012) S54–S296 S219 Figure 3. Predicted versus true rotation for the 6 pelvises under study.Ă 433 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHAFT BOWING IN THE FEMUR AND TIBIA AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN WOMEN WITH VARUS KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS Y. Akamatsu , N. Mitsugi , H. Kobayashi , K. Kumagai , Y. Kusayama , T. Saito . Yokohama City Univ. Sch. of Med., Yokohama, Japan; Yokohama City Univ. Med. Ctr., Yokohama, Japan Purpose: Anterior and lateral shaft bowing of the femur and tibia in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis (OA) results in malalignment of the whole lower extremity, when the preoperative planning in total knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy is performed on the knee radiograph. Previous studies reported that femoral shaft bowing in women was different from that in men. To our knowledge, no studies investigating the relationship between shaft bowing in the femur and tibia and bone mineral density (BMD) have been reported. We hypothesized that anterior and lateral shaft bowing in the femur and tibia was related with age, body mass index (BMI), and BMD in women with varus knee OA. The main aim of our study was to assess the relationship between anterior and lateral shaft bowing in the femur and tibia and BMD in women with varus knee OA. Methods: We enrolled 52 women between April 2010 and March 2011 at our institution. All patients had symptomatic primary varus knee OA. Anteroposterior and lateral whole leg radiographs were taken with the patients in a standing position. Femoral and tibial shaft was divided into five equal parts. In the coronal and sagittal planes, anterior and lateral shaft bowing of the femur and tibia were defined as the angulations between midlines drawn in the second and forth parts from the proximal femur and tibia. The Kellgren and Lawrence grades were grade 2 in 3 knees, grade 3 in 7 knees, and grade 4 in 42 knees. Limb alignment was expressed as the femorotibial angle (FTA) obtained from the anteroposterior radiograph. BMD values were measured in L2-L4 vertebrae and the femoral neck using a QDR-4500 (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA). The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were analyzed using standard software. BMI was calculated as an index of obesity. Data are expressed as means and standard deviation. Significance was set at p < 0.05. We used Pearson's correlation coefficients to investigate the relationship between two continuous variables (bowing, age, BMI, and BMDs). Results: Mean age and BMI were 72.4 8.9 years and 26.6 4.4 kg/m2, respectively. Mean FTA was 183.6 3.4 degree. Anterior femoral Anterior and lateral bowing in the femoral and tibial shaft and multivariate factors. Variables Anterior femoral bowing Lateral femor Age 0.317 (p1⁄40.022) 0.156 (p1⁄40. Body mass index 0.109 (p1⁄40.442) 0.045 (p1⁄40.75 Lumbar spine BMD 0.160 (p1⁄40.258) 0.252 (p1⁄40. Femoral neck BMD 0.345 (p1⁄40.012) 0.076 (p1⁄40. shaft bowing was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with femoral neck BMD (r 1⁄4 0.317, p 1⁄4 0.022, and r 1⁄4 0.345, p 1⁄4 0.012, respectively). Lateral femoral shaft bowing was not related with multivariate factors. Anterior tibial shaft bowing demonstrated a positive correlation with BMI (r 1⁄4 0.283, p 1⁄4 0.042). Lateral tibial shaft bowing was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with femoral neck BMD (r 1⁄4 0.364, p 1⁄4 0.008, and r 1⁄4 0.293, p 1⁄4 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: Karakas and Harma stated that anterior femoral shaft bowing was related with age. Our results showed that anterior femoral shaft bowing was correlated with age and femoral neck BMD. Contrary to our expectation, lateral femoral shaft bowing was not related with femoral neck BMD. Only anterior tibial shaft bowing was affected by BMI. Also, the relationship between anterior tibial shaft bowing and lumbar spine BMD might be associated with degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. Lateral tibial shaft bowing was correlated with age and femoral neck BMD, although anterior tibial shaft bowing was not related with femoral neck BMD. In Japanese, these results in the tibia might be associated with congenital tibia vara. The results from our small number of patients should be considered preliminary. However, if shaft bowing in the femur and tibia were related with BMD, the use of medication for osteoporosis might be a proper conservative approach to treatment. 434 DOES ANKLE CARTILAGE ADAPT TO STRONG ALTERATIONS IN LOADING ENVIRONMENT AFTER TRANSPLANTATION TO THE KNEE (VAN NEES ROTATIONPLASTY)? S. Maschek , F. Eckstein , W. Wirth , G. Gradl , C. Kirchhoff , K. Wortler , R. von Eisenhart-Rothe . 1 Paracelsus Med. Univ., Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Ainring, Germany; 3 Technical Univ.,

Vertical control in Class II hyperdivergent growing patients using miniscrew implants: a pilot study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if miniscrew implants (MSIs) can be used to control vertical development and improve the facial profile of Class II growing hyperdivergent patients. MethodsThe sample includes 18 hyperdivergent patients (12.3±1.8 years of age) who were consecutively treated using MSIs to intrude the maxillary and mandibular molars. They were matched to untreated controls based on age, sex, and the mandibular plane angle. Lateral cephalograms were taken immediately before and after treatment (2.5±0.9 years treatment duration). Growth and treatment changes of 11 linear and angular measurements, as well as the horizontal and vertical movements of 6 landmarks, were described using cranial base, maxillary, and mandibular superimpositions. ResultsThe upper molars of the treated patients were held in place vertically (0.3mm), whereas they erupted significantly in the control group (1.5mm). In contrast, the lower molars erupted significantly more (1.8mm) in the treated patients than control group. The sella-nasion-pogonion and sella-nasion-B angles increased significantly more (0.5° and 0.7°, respectively) in the treated patients than in the control group. Group differences in true rotation (0.4°) were not statistically significant. Individual differences in true rotation showed moderately high negative correlations with the horizontal movements of pogonion (–0.722) and moderately negative correlations with sella-nasion-pogonion (–0.690) and sella-nasion-B (–0.699). ConclusionsTreatment of growing hyperdivergent patients with MSIs successfully controls the vertical and improves facial profile. Greater improvements could have been attained if supraeruption of the lower molar had been better controlled.

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Management of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears without Arthritis.

The ability to provide reliable outcomes in treatment of patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears has become increasingly complicated, as a result of more advanced disease and the increased array of treatment choices. Develop and communicate with a consistent team of interdisciplinary physicians both preoperatively and postoperatively; utilize advanced imaging modalities to evaluate muscle atrophy as well as glenoid and humeral bone stock. Place the patient in a beach-chair position, check the abdominal strap, and position yourself facing the axilla. Develop the subdeltoid and subacromial spaces and take care to avoid vigorous over-retraction of the deltoid. Perform the head cut utilizing the 135° resection guide, broach the humerus, and ream the humeral socket. Ream the inferior surface to bleeding subchondral bone; bleeding subchondral bone on the inferior 50% of the prepared glenoid surface indicates a sufficient depth. At final reaming, the edge of the reamer should sit flush with the cut surface of the humerus. Proper soft-tissue balance is frequently achieved by positioning the humeral component so that the rim of the socket lies just above the humeral osteotomy site at the anatomic neck. When cementing the humeral component, the socket should match the reamed proximal part of the humerus. Initially, reverse shoulder arthroplasty was primarily used to treat osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint resulting from chronic rotator cuff deficiency or for true rotator cuff tear arthropathy. Indications Contraindications Pitfalls & Challenges.

Investigating the variation of latitudinal stellar spot rotation and its relation to the real stellar surface rotation

In this work the latitude dependent stellar spot rotation is investigated based on dynamo models. The maps of the magnetic pressure at the surface from the dynamo calculations are treated similarly to the temperature maps obtained using Doppler imaging techniques. A series of snapshots from the dynamo models are cross-correlated to obtain the shift of the magnetic patterns at each latitude and time point. The surface differential rotation patterns obtained from the snapshots of the dynamo calculations show in all studied cases variability over the activity cycle. In the models using only the large scale dynamo field the measured rotation patterns are only at times similar to the input rotation law. This is due to the spot motion being mainly determined by the geometric properties of the large scale dynamo field. In the models with additional small scale magnetic field the surface differential rotation measured from the model follows well the input rotation law. The results imply that the stellar spots caused by the large scale dynamo field are not necessarily tracing the stellar differential rotation, whereas the spots formed from small scale fields trace well the surface flow patterns. It can be questioned whether the large spots observed in active stars could be caused by small scale fields. Therefore, it is not clear that the true stellar surface rotation can be recovered using measurements of large starspots, which are currently the only ones that can be observed.

An effective planar triangular element with drilling rotation

A modified Allman’s triangular planar element with drilling degree of freedom is formulated. The basic formulation is similar to the original Allman’s element, but a constraint is introduced which ensures that the drilling degree of freedom is a true rotation in elasticity. The new element keeps all the advantages of Allman’s element, but has no spurious energy mode. It also shows that the drilling parameter of the present element can correctly carry over the twist moment to the other kinds of element at nodes. A few examples are given for illustration.

Histological evaluation of repair of the rotator cuff in a primate model

The establishment of a suitable animal model of repair of the rotator cuff is difficult since the presence of a true rotator cuff anatomically appears to be restricted almost exclusively to advanced primates. Our observational study describes the healing process after repair of the cuff in a primate model. Lesions were prepared and repaired in eight 'middle-aged' baboons. Two each were killed at four, eight, 12 and 15 weeks post-operatively. The bone-tendon repair zones were assessed macroscopically and histologically. Healing of the baboon supraspinatus involved a sequence of stages resulting in the reestablishment of the bone-tendon junction. It was not uniform and occurred more rapidly at the sites of suture fixation than between them. Four weeks after repair the bone-tendon healing was immature. Whereas macroscopically the repair appeared to be healed at eight weeks, the Sharpey fibres holding the repair together did not appear in any considerable number before 12 weeks. By 15 weeks, the bone-tendon junction was almost, but not quite mature. Our results support the use of a post-operative rehabilitation programme in man which protects the surgical repair for at least 12 to 15 weeks in order to allow maturation of tendon-to-bone healing.

Aftershock Sequences Modeled with 3-D Stress Heterogeneity and Rate-State Seismicity Equations: Implications for Crustal Stress Estimation

In this paper, we present a model for studying aftershock sequences that integrates Coulomb static stress change analysis, seismicity equations based on rate-state friction nucleation of earthquakes, slip of geometrically complex faults, and fractal-like, spatially heterogeneous models of crustal stress. In addition to modeling instantaneous aftershock seismicity rate patterns with initial clustering on the Coulomb stress increase areas and an approximately 1/t diffusion back to the pre-mainshock background seismicity, the simulations capture previously unmodeled effects. These include production of a significant number of aftershocks in the traditional Coulomb stress shadow zones and temporal changes in aftershock focal mechanism statistics. The occurrence of aftershock stress shadow zones arises from two sources. The first source is spatially heterogeneous initial crustal stress, and the second is slip on geometrically rough faults, which produces localized positive Coulomb stress changes within the traditional stress shadow zones. Temporal changes in simulated aftershock focal mechanisms result in inferred stress rotations that greatly exceed the true stress rotations due to the main shock, even for a moderately strong crust (mean stress 50 MPa) when stress is spatially heterogeneous. This arises from biased sampling of the crustal stress by the synthetic aftershocks due to the non-linear dependence of seismicity rates on stress changes. The model indicates that one cannot use focal mechanism inversion rotations to conclusively demonstrate low crustal strength (≤10 MPa); therefore, studies of crustal strength following a stress perturbation may significantly underestimate the mean crustal stress state for regions with spatially heterogeneous stress.

Comparative anatomy of the rotator cuff

While the evolution of the bony skeleton of the shoulder girdle is well described, there is little information regarding the soft tissues, in particular of the rotator cuff. We dissected the shoulders of 23 different species and compared the anatomical features of the tendons of the rotator cuff. The alignment and orientation of the collagen fibres of some of the tendons were also examined histologically. The behaviour of the relevant species was studied, with particular reference to the extent and frequency of forward-reaching and overhead activity of the forelimb. In quadrupedal species, the tendons of supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor were seen to insert into the greater tuberosity of the humerus separately. They therefore did not form a true rotator cuff with blending of the tendons. This was only found in advanced primates and in one unusual species, the tree kangaroo. These findings support the suggestion that the appearance of the rotator cuff in the evolutionary process parallels anatomical adaptation to regular overhead activity and the increased use of the arm away from the sagittal plane.

Rotation invariant iris feature extraction using Gaussian Markov random fields with non-separable wavelet

Rotation invariance is important for an iris recognition system since changes of head orientation and binocular vergence may cause eye rotation. The conventional methods of iris recognition cannot achieve true rotation invariance. They only achieve approximate rotation invariance by rotating the feature vector before matching or unwrapping the iris ring at different initial angles. In these methods, the complexity of the method is increased, and when the rotation scale is beyond the certain scope, the error rates of these methods may substantially increase. In order to solve this problem, a new rotation invariant approach for iris feature extraction based on the non-separable wavelet is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a bank of non-separable orthogonal wavelet filters is used to capture characteristics of the iris. Secondly, a method of Markov random fields is used to capture rotation invariant iris feature. Finally, two-class kernel Fisher classifiers are adopted for classification. Experimental results on public iris databases show that the proposed approach has a low error rate and achieves true rotation invariance.

Asteroseismology of massive stars with the MOST satellite

AbstractSince 2003 the MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of STars) microsatellite has obtained typically a month of non-stop, minute-of-time resolution, high-precision, single-broadband optical photometry for each of a significant number of Galactic OB and WR stars. Numerous p- and g-modes were clearly detected in several OB stars, including discovery of g-modes for the first time in a blue supergiant (Saio et al. 2006). True rotation periods were found for some SPBe pulsators (Cameron et al. 2008). Many O stars are remarkably quiet. Five presumably single WR stars have been observed so far, each interesting in its own way. In particular, the cool WR stars WR123 (WN8) and WR103 (WC9d) both show mostly short-lived, multimode oscillations with most of the Fourier power occurring on a day or longer timescale (Moffat et al. 2008a). WR123 also revealed a fairly stable 10-hour periodicity (Lefèvre et al. 2005). All of these oscillations probably arise in the stellar cores. WR111 (WC5) shows no (coherent) oscillations above the detection limit of 0.05 mmag in the 10-minute period range predicted for strange-mode pulsations at a level of 2 mmag (Moffat et al. 2008b). WR110 (WN5-6 and a stronger-than-average X-ray source) and WR124 (WN8h, i.e. in contrast with the previously observed, hydrogen-free WR123 of otherwise similar subtype), both strongly variable with MOST, are currently being analyzed. The next target just observed (late-June to early Aug 2009) is the 30-day eclipsing binary CV Ser = WR113 (WC8d + O8-9IV). Besides stellar oscillations, we will also search for orbital-phase dependent, stochastic variability in CV Ser as wind clumps in the WR component's dense wind pass in front of the O-star.