True Principles Research Articles

The principle of objective truth in the activities of the Prosecutor's Office

The subject of the study are materials of prosecutorial, law enforcement and judicial practice, norms of procedural legislation and legislation on the prosecutor's office regulating these public relations, as well as positions formed on the issue of the essence of the principle of objective truth and its implementation in the activities of the prosecutor's office and the court. The object of research in the article is social relations arising from the implementation of the principle of objective truth in the implementation of supervisory and non-supervisory activities by prosecutors. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the nature of the truth established in the course of law enforcement, the ratio of reliability and probability, as well as the inclusion in the principle of legal assessment of existing facts. В The principle of objective truth has been given attention in the scientific literature, but this principle has been investigated in relation to the administration of justice. Meanwhile, the implementation of the principle is undoubtedly important in the implementation of prosecutorial and other law enforcement activities, however, it has not been studied before in relation to the activities of the prosecutor's office; this is the novelty of the study. In the course of the study, the views of scientists on the existence of the principle of objective truth, the main aspects of its content were studied, as a result of which the definition of the principle of objective truth in the activities of the prosecutor's office was proposed and the conclusion was formulated that the consolidation of this principle in the Law on the Prosecutor's Office will fill the gaps in the legal regulation of the exercise of prosecutorial powers in other areas of prosecutorial activity and it will prevent the adoption of unreasonable decisions that are possible if this principle is not observed, which, in turn, can lead to a violation of the principle of legality, which is a special contribution of the author to the study of this topic.

ANALISIS PRINSIP-PRINSIP SYARIAH KINERJA KEUANGAN UNIT PENGELOLA KEGIATAN DANA AMANAH PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN TENJOLAYA, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Abstract
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 The Activity Management Unit of the Community Empowerment Trust Fund Association (UPK Perkumpulan DAPM) Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency should not be separated from sharia principles other than of course its operation is based on the principles of the Operational Technical Guidelines for the National Program for Independent Rural Community Empowerment (PTO PNPM MPd). However, the application and implementation of sharia principles in the performance of the UPK DAPM Association, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency has not been confirmed. This is because the main guideline is PTO PNPM MPd. Therefore, it is important to analyze the sharia principles of the financial performance of the UPK DAPM, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. This study uses qualitative research methods, with the technical data analysis used is descriptive qualitative data analysis. The qualitative description in this case is that after all the data has been collected, it is analyzed and explained in more detail and systematically. Thus, it can be described thoroughly, understood, analyzed and given conclusions and suggestions. The results of this study stated that the financial performance of the UPK DAPM Association, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency, according to the results of the examination by the Supervisory Board of the DAPM Association UPK was still performing well and its finances were in good health. Based on the results of the analysis, the financial performance of the UPK DAPM Association, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency, is sufficient to meet the elements of sharia principles such as the principle of monotheism, the principle of justice, the principle of responsibility, the principle of virtue, honesty and truth, the principle of willingness, the principle of expediency, the principle of free will, the principle of permissibility, and the principle of prohibiting usury.
 Keywords: Shariah Principles, Financing Performance.

DE/RE-STRATIFIKACIJE KAO MODERNE TEHNIKE RESTAURACIJE: FONDAZIONE QUERINI STAMPALIA (VENECIJA, 1963) KARLA SKARPE

The study investigates the theoretical approach toward the restoration of the Fondazione Querini Stampalia in Venice by Carlo Scarpa, moving between phenomenology and ontology of space, time, and matter, theory of text/narrative, cultural analysis, and arts (architecture and painting). The main hypothesis of the study is that Carlo Scarpa, using the techniques of stratification, destratification, and restratification, transgresses the three classical principles of conservation/restoration: the principle of reversibility, universality and objective truth. In other words, stratification (and the accompanying de/re-stratification) for Carlo Scarpa is not only a method of constructing space interested only in scientific forms of knowledge and dis- covering the objective truth of a building, but, above all, an aesthetic and embodied procedure that takes the role of the sensory and bodily evocation of the tradition and culture of Venice in the present. From the classical restoration interest “for the object”, Carlo Scarpa moves on to the interest “for the subject” (users of the space of this building). In the historical, philo- sophical, and theoretical context, the study refers to the research of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Richard Murphy, Anne-Catrin Schultz, and Salvador Muñoz Viñas.

Investigating the relationship between job satisfaction, communication style, employee behavior in conflict situations

This study was designed to test the relationship between job satisfactions, communication style and conflict behaviour of employees in the public system, respectively in the territorial labour inspectorates. Research responds to practical needs highlighted by organizational psychology to identify the sources and dimensions that prevail and make the individual's perception of the organization lead to increased job satisfaction. However, the paper is not without methodological limits, represented by the use of self-report evaluation questionnaires that could involve poor identification and reporting, by the tendency of the facade that appears when the subject is not honest, offers answers that do not reflect its true feelings, principles and values, tends to avoid the appropriate responses to the state, only to leave a good impression, determine a positive judgment, placement in a situation of appreciation, or out of a desire to help the researcher in confirming the study hypothesis. The paper provides additional information for the scientific community, and can also be a starting point for other research by methodologically improving and bringing to the fore variables that can have a significant contribution to job satisfaction in civil servants, the subject being of maximum interest in the current context when a qualitative increase of services for employees and employers is desired.

Сравнительный анализ доказательств в уголовном процессе РФ и КНР

Unlike the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the Criminal Procedure Code of the People’s Republic of China has the following features: it establishes eight separate types of evidence, postulates the principle of truth, limits the evidentiary power of one proof, sets the standard of proof in combination with subjective views. Based on these differences, this article provides a comparative study of the legislation of the two countries from four aspects: the concept and types of evidence, the basic principles of evidentiary law, the collection and use of evidence, and the standard of proof.

“Common cause” as a principle of national science in Russia

The article raises the problem of the possibility of updating the foundations of scientific knowledge. The authors proceed from the generally accepted thesis about the “crisis of European sciences”. Analyzing some cultural and historical features of the formation of classical science, the authors note its connection with the specifics of Western religiosity, from which science eventually freed itself. Further, referring to the formulation of the problem by E.Husserl, the authors substantiate the position according to which Russian philosophy, criticizing the Western type of rationality, put forward principles of the organization of science that differ from European ones. The originality of the Russian interpretation of science and scholarship is expressed in the synetic unity of the principles of Truth, Goodness and Beauty. The authors pay special attention to the philosophical views of N.F.Fedorov, which, on the one hand, paradoxically combine the scientific and religious ideas of the thinker, and, on the other, most fully reveal the format of the unity of cognitive, moral and aesthetic ideas. The authors consistently reconstruct N.F.’s teaching. Fedorova, showing that the “philosophy of the common cause”, in addition to radical criticism of the methodological principles and targets of the bourgeois system of knowledge, contain conceptual innovations that expand cognitive and heuristic possibilities. The generally recognized principles of rational egocentrism, formal criticism and pragmatic utilitarianism can be reformatted into conciliar unity and transformative pragmatism, respectively. The conclusion of the article is devoted to the actual implementation of the Fedorov principles in the process of the formation of scientific knowledge and its practical application in Russia. The authors emphasize that during the Soviet period of Russian history, the principles of science put forward by N.F.Fedorov began to be embodied in real life. Soviet cosmonautics became the brightest personification of science as a common cause.

Literature Tracing and Research Focus Analysis of the Chinese Communist Party’s National Theory Based on CiteSpace (2004-2021)

The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always attached great importance to the research and practice of ethnic theory. In different historical periods, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts, revised and improved the ethnic theory, and provided effective and systematic theoretical guidance for ethnic work. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Looking back at ethnic theories issued by the Communist Party of China (CPC), based on CiteSpace data analysis technology, taking the Communist Party of China (CPC) ethnic theory documents in CNKI as the research blueprint, this paper makes scientific analysis and academic interpretation of the Communist Party of China (CPC) ethnic theory documents in the period of 2004-2021, and on the basis of inheriting the original achievements of the Communist Party of China (CPC) ethnic theory, providing new technical and theoretical reference for the Communist Party of China (hereafeter CPC) ethnic theory in the new era.

KALANA IS THE ONLY SOURCE OF CREATION AND SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THIS UNIVERSE

One side, most of the researches going on Universe, Space, Black holes, white holes, development of technology etc. and on the other side world is ending due to pollution. The transparent media, to which I’m calling as “Kalana”, that exists during sunlight and disappears at night, is actually brighter then sunlight. But due to pollution, it is looking dark. Wherever pure Kalana exists, there sunlight or any other source of light or Energy have no value. As Pollution increase, darkness also increases and reduces the presence of Kalana. Kalana itself is the source of creation and source of Energy in this universe. Each and everything that exist in this universe is created from Kalana. The outcome of Universal arrangements in Kalana is called “truth”. Truth has its own significant value in our society and everyone wish to be truthful for peaceful life. This is the main reason that, our ancestor was always tried to follow the truth and had advance technology then today what we have. Today’s technologies are not based upon the principle of truth and hence everything has its own side effects.

Product Reviews by YouTubers: Education or Defamation?

One of the contents used by YouTubers to reach subscribers is by conducting product reviews. Based on their competencies, YouTubers convey an assessment of goods and services to the public and as a form of education to the public. This condition has the potential for legal problems if according to the producer or related parties that the results of the assessment by the YouTuber actually drop the goods or services being marketed. In this study, there are two problems discussed, namely, first; criminal policy of insult / and or defamation offenses in cyberspace, second; the principle of truth and public interest as the boundary between education or insulting and / or defamation. This research is a normative juridical method that examines the obscurity of norms regarding insult and / or defamation of product reviews submitted by YouTubers. The criminal policy for insult and / or defamation is regulated in Article 27 paragraph (3) of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions which must be linked to Articles 310 and 311 of the Criminal Code. Testing the principles of truth and public interest is very important to free YouTubers from criminal charges on charges of defamation / and or defamation

Tinjauan Etika Bisnis Islam terhadap Praktik Pemasaran Busana Muslim Studi pada Almeera Moslem Store Bogor

In Islamic economy, the market has important values, because it must have morality or ethics which is one of the responsibilities of every economic agents. Ethics in business must be realized personally which aims for every business person who trades to seek the maximum profit, in Islamic trade it is not just looking for a profit but looking for a blessing. This research explains how the application of Islamic business ethics in marketing Muslim clothing at Almeera Moslem Store Bogor and how the concept of Islamic marketing in Muslim business at Almeera Moslem Store Bogor. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which means to describe some information in the field with data collection techniques used in this study in the form of interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the application of Islamic business ethics in the marketing practice of Muslim clothing at Almeera Muslim Store Bogor has fully implemented the principles of justice, the principle of justice, the principle of free will, the principle of responsibility, and the principle of truth. In the implementation of the marketing concept at the Almeera Moslem Store Bogor in the form of product marketing, prices, and transactions, but there is one thing, namely product satisfaction which is a problem for which there is no solution. The general solution is to negotiate. Almeera Moslem Store Bogor is always friendly and courteous to consumers in service and marketing as has been implemented in Islamic law.

Tinjauan Etika Bisnis Islam terhadap Praktik Pemasaran Busana Muslim Studi pada Almeera Moslem Store Bogor

In Islamic economy, the market has important values, because it must have morality or ethics which is one of the responsibilities of every economic agents. Ethics in business must be realized personally which aims for every business person who trades to seek the maximum profit, in Islamic trade it is not just looking for a profit but looking for a blessing. This research explains how the application of Islamic business ethics in marketing Muslim clothing at Almeera Moslem Store Bogor and how the concept of Islamic marketing in Muslim business at Almeera Moslem Store Bogor. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which means to describe some information in the field with data collection techniques used in this study in the form of interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the application of Islamic business ethics in the marketing practice of Muslim clothing at Almeera Muslim Store Bogor has fully implemented the principles of justice, the principle of justice, the principle of free will, the principle of responsibility, and the principle of truth. In the implementation of the marketing concept at the Almeera Moslem Store Bogor in the form of product marketing, prices, and transactions, but there is one thing, namely product satisfaction which is a problem for which there is no solution. The general solution is to negotiate. Almeera Moslem Store Bogor is always friendly and courteous to consumers in service and marketing as has been implemented in Islamic law.

A learning method of trust building: beyond the performance management of artistic events

PurposeThis paper aims to address a dilemma raised in the accounting literature on how managers of creative practices can produce and use accounting measurements that support employees’ self-determination to create whilst also building trust in them to work for the interests of the organisation.Design/methodology/approachUsing pragmatic constructivism as a paradigmatic setting, the paper develops a learning method of trust building as a way for organisations to produce and use accounting measurements. Empirical analysis of the European Capital of Culture Aarhus 2017 demonstrates the method in action.FindingsThe study displays a learning method of trust building as an effective way for organisations to account for their creative practices without intruding on the creative process of the people involved. The method involves proactive judgement and pragmatic observation of the trustworthiness of the actors’ language games, construction of quality in the conceptual structures of management narratives and measurement models, and learning that narrows the gap between the actors’ proactive judgement and the pragmatic observation of trustworthiness. Through such processes, including principles of truth, dialogical interactions, ongoing reflections and co-authorship, trust can be built in self-determining, creative actors to drive intentional results.Research limitations/implicationsThe learning method of trust building extends the literature on trust building and on knowledge processes of performance measurement of actors in creative practices.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt in the accounting literature to develop a learning method of trust building.

Labelisasi Produk Pangan UMKM di Kecamatan Pulung Ponorogo

This research departs from labelling MSME food products that do not contain an expiration date, production code, and inclusion of a halal label without halal certification from MUI carried out by business actors in Pulung, Ponorogo. Based on this, this study aims to explain the sociological review of Islamic law on the practice of labelling MSME products in Pulung, Ponorogo, and a review of the sociology of Islamic law on the factors behind the labelling practice of MSME products carried out by business actors in Pulung Ponorogo District. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. From this study, it can be concluded that the labelling practice carried out by business actors follows the three basic ideas of the symbolic interactionism theory proposed by Herbert Mead. This result is because every action taken by business actors is translated from the human mind (mind) about oneself (self) and carried out in the community (society) where the individual is located. The factors behind business actors doing labelling follow the three basic premises of the symbolic interactionism theory proposed by Blumer. Meanwhile, in the application of sharia economic principles, the actions of business actors are not following the principles of honesty and truth; some business actors are dishonest in providing information on labels.

SELF-REFERENCE UPFRONT: A STUDY OF SELF-REFERENTIAL GÖDEL NUMBERINGS

AbstractIn this paper we examine various requirements on the formalisation choices under which self-reference can be adequately formalised in arithmetic. In particular, we study self-referential numberings, which immediately provide a strong notion of self-reference even for expressively weak languages. The results of this paper suggest that the question whether truly self-referential reasoning can be formalised in arithmetic is more sensitive to the underlying coding apparatus than usually believed. As a case study, we show how this sensitivity affects the formal study of certain principles of self-referential truth.

Muslim views on other religions: With special reference to Buddhism

The literature analysing Muslim perspective towards other religions is now quite extensive. However, when it comes to Muslim’s perspective towards Buddhism, the scholarship lags far behind. This article aimed to identify the Muslim views on Buddhism from a theological and philosophical framework. The Muslim views have a different category, on categorising Buddhism, the status of Buddha as a Prophet, and Buddhist as the People of the Book. Each view provides a different framework of Muslim perspective towards Buddhism. From the theological view, one of the outlook is tolerance. Due to the rejection of Buddhist doctrine by most Muslim theologians, Muslims apply tolerance, which is subject to religious freedom stand on, ‘firm in principle, tolerant in attitude’. Tolerance encourages Muslims to adhere to the principles of truth, but does not erode the respect for other religion. While from a philosophical view, it considered Buddhism as a religion from God, as well as other religions. Thus, some Muslim inclusivists and pluralists recognise Buddhism. This research is qualitative. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytic, emphasising content analysis of the data from various books and articles covering Muslim view on Buddhism and the patterns of relations between Islam and Buddhism. Studies suggest the understanding of each framework to encourage Muslims to improve comprehensive interreligious dialogue with Buddhists. Contribution: Religious tolerance, inclusivism, and pluralism is a panacea to inordinate and incessant religious conflict, if given its proper place in Malaysia, it will breed harmony and peace in the society. This work would be of immense benefit to interfaith scholars and religious leaders across all strata of discipline.

Aksi Prank dalam Perspektif Hadis: Analisis Teks, Konteks, dan Kontekstualisasinya

Abstract: This article departs from the problem of prank actions that often occur unethically in the public sphere. Hadith as arguments containing ethical norms is a relevant reference in addressing this matter. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the prank action from the perspective of the hadith and how the moral ideal of the hadith is implemented in carrying out prank actions. Referring to the hadith about joking and analyzed using Fazlur Rahman's double movement theory, this article sees that the legal status of prank action is situational. Prank actions can be done as long as they prioritize the principle of truth and do not have a negative impact on the surroundings, and vice versa. This is based on the editorial of the hadith which shows the Prophet's prohibition against taking something even though it meant jokes and jokes from the Prophet, which have never been separated from the truth. This hadith was motivated by the context of the Arab society at that time which was dominated by the situation of war and the process of internalizing Islamic teachings so that what the Prophet taught could not be separated from the interests of protection and education. Therefore, the moral ideal lies in an educational, preventive, and protective attitude. These moral ideals are principles that should be implemented in carrying out prank actions so that their actions become legitimate, do not cause negative impacts, and can generate positive responses in the public domain.

After the Crime

Although an offender’s conduct before and during the crime is the traditional focus of criminal law and sentencing rules, an examination of post-offense conduct can also be important in promoting criminal justice goals. After the crime, different offenders make different choices and have different experiences, and those differences can suggest appropriately different treatment by judges, correctional officials, probation and parole supervisors, and other decision makers in the criminal justice system. Positive post-offense conduct ought to be acknowledged and rewarded, not only to encourage it but also as a matter of fair and just treatment. This essay describes four kinds of positive post-offense conduct that merit special recognition and preferential treatment: the responsible offender, who avoids further deceit and damage to others during the process leading to conviction; the debt-paid offender, who suffers the full punishment deserved (according to true principles of justice rather than the sentence actually imposed); the reformed offender, who takes affirmative steps to leave criminality behind; and the redeemed offender, who out of genuine remorse tries to atone for the offense. The essay considers how one might operationalize a system for giving special accommodation to such offenders. Positive post-offense conduct might be rewarded, for example, through the selection and shaping of sanctioning methods, through giving preference in access to education, training, treatment, and other programs, and through elimination or restriction of collateral consequences of conviction that continue after the sentence is completed.

The Importance of Maintaining the Neutrality of State Civil Apparatus Based on the Values of the Malay Culture

This article described the various phenomena of violations by the State Civil Apparatus in the momentum of the democratic party in Indonesia and aimed to determine the extent to which Malay Cultural Values ​​can maintain the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus. This study used an exploration-oriented literature review method. Then, data were obtained through documentation techniques by reviewing and exploring several journals, books, and other related documents. To analyze the data, the content analysis method was used to get valid conclusions based on the context. The results showed that some Malay cultural values ​​that must be possessed by the State Civil Apparatus were the principles of honesty, justice and truth, hard work and perseverance, shame, and compassion. All the principles taught can maintain the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus if each individual has high awareness and commitment to do so. Thus, the values ​​taught by the Malay Culture have an essential meaning in maintaining the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus.

Christian foundations of the concept of natural international law

Christian values have played an important role in shaping the concept of natural international law and legal culture in general,which contributes to improving existing legal knowledge, as well as rethinking the importance of ethical and religious component inraising legal awareness, which is important to minimize negative manifestations in society and develop moral and legal thought. Carryingout a philosophical and legal analysis of the role of moral and ethical principles of Christianity in shaping the concept of naturalinternational law, we found that the basis of this religion are such moral and ethical values as human dignity, freedom, equality and justice,which are major components of natural international law and serve as key factors in building the social and moral order of democraticstates.The Christian idea that each person was created by the Creator, who gave humanity the absolute moral and ethical law of love,justice and freedom, formed the basis of the assertion that each person is endowed from birth with his inherent inalienable rights.According to this theory, the foundation of natural international law is an objective (independent of our knowledge or perception) morallaw that reflects the good nature of the Creator. Society does not create a moral law, but discovers it, just as society discovers objectivelyexisting laws of nature. The laws of society are secondary to this absolute moral law. They serve as its state legislative fixation for thefurther development and maintenance of observance in various concrete spheres of social relations. The idea of humanism as a principleof Western law matured either directly within Christian ideology with its idea of the divinity of man and his redemption by the suffe -rings of Christ, or on the basis of ideas that are a secularized continuation of Christianity.Christian principles of truth, justice, goodness, love, equality and freedom underlie the peaceful relations of world powers. Therefore,the conformity of the social and legal laws of any state to the absolute and unchangeable norms of God’s moral law serves notonly as a reliable criterion of their justice, but also as a necessary condition for the prosperity of these states and lasting peace betweennations.

Application of Electricity Federalism in Nigeria: Drawing Inspiration from America

This paper examines the theory and practice of electricity federalism in the Nigerian federation. Although Nigeria is an American-styled federal entity, its practice does not reflect the true principles of federalism as practiced in America. Nigeria's electricity sector is a reflection of its imperfect practice of federalism. The effect is felt in the poor performance of the electricity sector, especially off-grid undertakings. Thus, this study turns to the practice of electricity federalism in the United State of America as a model federalist system from which Nigeria can draw inspiration towards a better practice of electricity federalism. Evidence from America demonstrates how fiscal federalism led to a robustly developed power sector. It is argued that, although constituent states of Nigeria have the legal capacity, they lack the wherewithal to develop robust off-grid electricity undertaking under the current federalist system. Hence, political restructuring that would ensure fiscal federalism is needful in Nigeria.