True Pioneer Research Articles

Postscript

The previous paper was first published in 1982, when ethnoastronomy was still in its infancy. It appeared in Ethnoastronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the American Tropics, Tony Aveni and Gary Urton’s edited proceedings of an international conference held at the American Museum of Natural History’s Hayden Planetarium in New York under the auspices of the New York Academy of Sciences. Aveni and Urton were true pioneers who opened up a new interdisciplinary field of research that brought together astronomers, anthropologists, archaeologists, historians and others, all interested in astronomical knowledge amongst contemporary indigenous societies, in how buildings, settlements and archaeological monuments were aligned with recurrent events in the sky, and in how such alignments matched up with astronomical information contained in ancient codices and other historical documents and in contemporary ethnographic accounts.

Crawford Williamson Long: The True Pioneer of Surgical Anesthesia

ABSTRACTAnesthesia and analgesia are as old as mankind itself. However, we now know that the true pioneer of surgical anesthesia through inhalation of ether was Doctor Crawford Williamson Long (1815–1878), who endeavored to help his profession and mankind without pursuing any reward or honor. Crawford Williamson Long was a great and beloved American surgeon. He was a well-educated and elegant man with an outstanding personality. Crawford was born in Danielsville, Georgia, in the United States and was the son of James Long and Elizabeth Ware Long. He married Mary Caroline Swain Long and gave birth to 12 children. Long proved the effectiveness of ether after painlessly removing a tumor from the neck. In 1847, a rivalry broke out among Horace Wells, Charles Thomas Jackson, and William Thomas Green Morton for the primacy as regards the discovery of anesthesia. The US Congress offered itself to arbitrate the case of the so called “ether controversy.” Finally, a few years after the end of the North American Civil War, while taking care of a patient, Crawford passed away, presumably after suffering a stroke.

Elliot D. Weitzman MD and early sleep research and sleep medicine in New York

Elliot Weitzman, past Professor of Neurology and Chairman of the Department of Neurology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, NY, USA, had an illustrious career and was a true pioneer of sleep research and sleep medicine in New York in the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. He created the clinical sleep center at MontefioreMedical Center in New York on 27 April 1977, which was the first sleep center in the United States to be accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) (formerly the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC)). The center was modeled in part on the first sleep clinic in the country, a clinic dedicated to the diagnosis, research, and treatment of narcolepsy that was developed by William Dement at Stanford University in California in 1964. Weitzman, who was born in Newark, NJ, USA, in 1929, was originally interested in journalism and joined Iowa State University, but soon transferred to, and graduated from, the University of Iowa with a BA in zoology in 1950. He then went to medical school at the University of Chicago and was in the same class as William Dement. At that time, Weitzman already had an interest in neurology and in 1951 he became an instructor in neuroanatomy (Fig. 1). Weitzman and Dement stayed in contact after their graduation with an MD degree from the University of Chicago in 1955. Dement studied sleep and dreams in Chicago under the mentorship of Nathaniel Kleitman and moved to New York in 1957 as an intern at the Mount Sinai Hospital, which, at that time, was not yet a medical school, and he worked on sleep with Charles Fisher in the Department of Psychiatry who was performing research on dreams. “I had a sleep laboratory (in my apartment on the West Side!), rent paid for by the NIH. Many of my sleep subjects were recruited from the Radio City Hall dancing Rockettes,” said Bill Dement. Sleep deprivation received a lot of publicity in New York in the 1950s, because of Peter Tripp. He was a Top 40 countdown radio personality from Port Chester, New York. His career peaked with his 1959 record-breaking 201-h wakeathon (working on the radio nonstop without sleep to benefit the March of Dimes). For much of the stunt, he sat in a glass booth in Times Square. After a few days, he began to hallucinate and, for the last 66 h, Louis Jolyon “Jolly” West, a NY psychiatrist who had received a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant to study sleep deprivation, gave him medication to help him stay awake [1]. Weitzman initially did his internship at Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn, and then his neurology residency from 1956 to 1959 at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He was in the U.S. Army Medical Corps, Department of Neurophysiology, at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington DC from 1959 to 1961, where he performed pain research on rhesus monkeys that was published in the journal Science in 1961 [2]. After that, he joined Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1961 and continued his pain research on monkeys. Peter MacGregor, BSc, went with With contributions from Roger Broughton Charles CzeislerWilliam Dement Christian Guilleminault Daniel Kripke Wallace Mendelson Merrill Mitler Mark Pressman Howard Roffwarg Thomas Roth and Jon Sassin. However any factual errors are solely the responsibility of the author. * Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, The Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Tel.: +1 718 920 4841; fax: 718 798 4352. E-mail address: thorpy@aecom.yu.edu.

Andrew Michael Peter Hamilton

Andrew Michael Peter Hamilton, known to friends and family as Peter, was born in London, son of William Hamilton, professor of anatomy and embryology at Charing Cross Hospital, whose books...

TU‐CD‐303‐00: In Memoriam of Warren Sinclair: Physics Applications for New Radiobiology

The Medical Physics and Radiation Protection communities lost one of their true pioneers in May, 2014 with the passing of Warren K. Sinclair, Ph.D. He received his Doctorate in Physics at the University of London, U.K. He was a fellow of the Institute of Physics and a Certified Health Physicist. After a number of posts at Hospitals and Universities in the U.K. and New Zealand, he became the Head, Physics Department at the M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, TX. He held a number of academic physics positions with the University of Texas, Austin at the main campus and at the Postgraduate School of Medicine, Houston. He later served as a Senior Biophysicist, Division Director, and then Associate Laboratory Director for Biomedical Division Director, and then Associate Laboratory Director for Biomedical and Environmental Research at the Argonne National Laboratory, IL. He had additional academic appointments at the University of California, Berkeley; Northern Illinois University; the University of Illinois (Chicago Circle Campus); and the University of Chicago.Warren was a charter member of the AAPM and a leader in many communities: President of the AAPM from 1960 to 1961 and the Journal Editor from 1964 to 1969, the 2nd President of the NCRP from 1977 to 1991, and the President of the Radiation Research Society from 1978 to 1979. His many awards included the William D. Coolidge Award in 1986. Even this barely scratches the surface of the many other organizations he served with and influenced including the ICRP, IOP, RSNA, SNM, and UNSCEAR. His research interests resulted in publications from 1948 to the 1990s in many aspects (physical and biological) of radiotherapy and the effects of ionizing radiation in general, leading to early definitions of RBE values for megavoltage radiotherapy as well as contributing to the development of the modern framework for radiation protection worldwide.Warren was not a retiring person and even after moving to NCRP President Emeritus status continued to provide advice and comments on publications and to mentor others until the time of his passing. Sadly, Warren's long‐time wife Joy passed away in December, 2014 but he is survived by his son Bruce and daughter Roslyn, 2 grandchildren and 4 great‐grandchildren.

TU‐CD‐303‐01: Memorial to Warren Sinclair ‐ Memorial Lecturer

The Medical Physics and Radiation Protection communities lost one of their true pioneers in May, 2014 with the passing of Warren K. Sinclair, Ph.D. He received his Doctorate in Physics at the University of London, U.K. He was a fellow of the Institute of Physics and a Certified Health Physicist. After a number of posts at Hospitals and Universities in the U.K. and New Zealand, he became the Head, Physics Department at the M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, TX. He held a number of academic physics positions with the University of Texas, Austin at the main campus and at the Postgraduate School of Medicine, Houston. He later served as a Senior Biophysicist, Division Director, and then Associate Laboratory Director for Biomedical Division Director, and then Associate Laboratory Director for Biomedical and Environmental Research at the Argonne National Laboratory, IL. He had additional academic appointments at the University of California, Berkeley; Northern Illinois University; the University of Illinois (Chicago Circle Campus); and the University of Chicago.Warren was a charter member of the AAPM and a leader in many communities: President of the AAPM from 1960 to 1961 and the Journal Editor from 1964 to 1969, the 2nd President of the NCRP from 1977 to 1991, and the President of the Radiation Research Society from 1978 to 1979. His many awards included the William D. Coolidge Award in 1986. Even this barely scratches the surface of the many other organizations he served with and influenced including the ICRP, IOP, RSNA, SNM, and UNSCEAR. His research interests resulted in publications from 1948 to the 1990s in many aspects (physical and biological) of radiotherapy and the effects of ionizing radiation in general, leading to early definitions of RBE values for megavoltage radiotherapy as well as contributing to the development of the modern framework for radiation protection worldwide.Warren was not a retiring person and even after moving to NCRP President Emeritus status continued to provide advice and comments on publications and to mentor others until the time of his passing. Sadly, Warren's long‐time wife Joy passed away in December, 2014 but he is survived by his son Bruce and daughter Roslyn, 2 grandchildren and 4 great‐grandchildren.

Martin F. Kagnoff, MD: 1941-2014.

Mucosal immunology lost one of its true pioneers when Marty Kagnoff succumbed to complications of pancreatic cancer on 16 November 2014 at his home in La Jolla, California. He was 73. However, his influence on the field—particularly as personified by the almost 100 students, fellows, and junior faculty members that he was directly responsible for training—will be felt for generations.

Jimmy Blanton의 연주기법과 스타일에 관한 연구

본 논문은 재즈역사상 가장 처음으로 모던한 베이스 연주 스타일을 선보였던 베이스 연주인 Jimmy Blanton의 연주기법과 스타일에 관한 논문이다. 콘트라베이스가 사용된 이래 Jimmy Blanton 이전 시대의 베이스의 연주 특징이라고 한다면 2비트 또는 4비트의 단순한 라인들의 반복이라 할 수 있다. 즉 기본적인 리듬과 근음(Root Note)을 바탕으로 연결함으로써 화음을 보조해주는 역할 이외에 솔로나 멜로디적인 라인들이 나타나고 있지 않았다. 이러한 전통적인 베이스연주 스타일의 개념을 바꾸어놓은 인물이 바로 Jimmy Blanton 이다. 그는 New Orleans Jazz 이후 가장처음으로 모던한 베이스의 연주스타일과 기법을 선보인 연주자이다. 단순한 Two Beat 스타일의 반주에서 4Beat를 바탕으로 Triplet리듬과 같은 다양한 리듬적 프레이즈를 반주에 도입하였으며 Horn과 같은 솔로 악기의 연주 스타일을 베이스로도 연주할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이후 Ray Brown, Paul Chambers와 같은 거물급의 재즈연주인 들에게서도 그의 연주스타일이 이어지고 있음을 알 수 있다.본 논문에서는 그가 연주했던 곡들 중 Cotton Tail과 MR.JB Blues를 중심으로 반주와 솔로 기법에 관해 분석해 보았다. 전형적인 Root중심의 연주에서 벗어나 스케일을 사용해 Target Note를 향해 연주해가는 기법, 코드톤과 아르페지오를 이용한 프레이즈, 멜로디적인 솔로 연주 스타일, 질문과 대답형식 등 오늘날 우리들이 사용하는 다양한 베이스 연주 기법들이 Jimmy Blanton을 통해 이미 완성되었음을 알 수 있다. This is the Study of the Bass performance of the Jimmy Blanton who is first pioneer of Jazz Style Bass playing. Since the contrabass is using in jazz Performances Before jimmy Blanton, playing technique was mainly played repeatedly with simply two or four Beat with Root or 5th degree of Chord Tone. In Other words, there was only root based Note along with Harmony which doesn't have Bass Solos or Melodic phrase Appeared in Bass playing. Jimmy Blanton Was the First Bass Player who changes This Traditional Concept of Jazz bass playing after New Orleans Jazz era. He was introduced variety of accompaniment Style with Various rhythmic phrase and Bass Soloing like a horn Player. We could know that His Style Continues to Such as Ray Brown, Paul chambers who has a big Name after Jimmy Blanton. I analyzed accompaniment Style and solo techniques Of Jimmy Blanton with the Song "Cotton tail and MR.JB Blues" Which He Performed with Duke Ellington. I learned a lot while I'm analyzing his Performing Style from Jimmy Blanton, such as Target Note playing, using Chord Tones and Arpeggios, Melodic Solo Style, Jazz Style Bowing Technique, Question and Answer Phrasing etc. I could notice That He Was the true Pioneer of the First Bass player In the Early Jazz days.

The Invention of Viking America

The Invention of Viking AmericaThis essay is an extended review of Annette Kolodny's In Search of First Contact: The Vikings of Vinland, the Peoples of the Dawnland, and the Anglo-American Anxiety of Discovery (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012). The 448-page paperback includes ten illustrations and is priced at $27.95.IN SEARCH OF FIRST CONTACT: THE VIKINGS OF VINLAND, THE PEOPLES OF THE DAWNLAND, AND THE ANGLO-AMERICAN ANXIETY OF DISCOVERY. By Annette Kolodny. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2012. xiv + 448 pp. $27.95, paperback.Since the publication of her seminal books and articles in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Annette Kolodny has been a true pioneer in literary historiography. Indeed, if the field of Literature as understood today has come to include multiple approaches and perspectives- including multicultural, multilingual, trans- and circum-Atlantic, as well as hemispheric perspectives-thereby utterly transforming what we mean by both American and Literature, it is in great part owing to Kolodny's tireless efforts in opening up new archives beyond the New Critical canons to include texts written in English as well as other languages by white men as well as nonwhite men and women, many of whom originated from outside the traditional Anglo-American elites. Her most recent book, In Search of First Contact, continues her quest to transform literary and to open up new archives by considering the literary record of the contact between the Americas and Europe in the eleventh century resulting from the voyages of Leif Eiriksson and other Norsemen, in particular the so-called Vinland Sagas first preserved among the Norse as oral traditions and then written down in the fourteenth century, as well as various Native artifacts and oral traditions possibly bearing testimony to this first contact. In addition, the book considers the cultural of the idea of a contact resulting from the Norse in Anglo-American letters from colonial times to the twentieth century. On the one hand, then, Kolodny writes, [T]his book is overwhelmingly about stories: about who told them, when, and where (10). On the other hand, however, it also means to take full advantage of much recent scholarship in archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, and history (10) in order to raise new historical questions about the nature and location of the Vinland colony, as well as about the Native Vinlanders (called Skraelings in the Sagas). The result is a book that impresses in the innovativeness of its thoroughly inter- or multi-disciplinary methodology, drawing as it does on a number of literary and nonliterary archives.As the author is doubtlessly aware, the of the notion of a contact or discovery predating Christopher Columbus's voyages reaches back in Europe to Columbus's own time, when such Spanish imperial historians as Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, writing on behalf of the Spanish crown in the context of its legal fight against the Columbus family, spread tales about some anonymous pilot who had supposedly imparted the secret knowledge of the existence of a fourth to Columbus before the latter embarked on his first transatlantic voyage. The implications of this tale, if true, were clear: the rights and privileges that the crown had previously bestowed on Columbus and his descendants in the Capitulations of Santa Fe in April of 1492 regarding any lands and islands he might on his Westerly way to Asia were null and void, since he would not have been the first to discover those lands. During the seventeenth century, English imperialists such as Samuel Purchas added their own versions to the old story of a prediscovery by arguing that the so-called Rights of Discovery of the North continent belonged to England because of John Cabot's voyages on behalf of the English crown, rather than to Spain or Portugal (given that Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci had only touched the Caribbean islands and South America), and that, in any case, America had already been discovered by some medieval Welsh prince named Madoc in 1170. …

Synnøve des Bouvries karriere ved UiT, 1972–2014: Intervju og bibliografi

<p><em>The career of Synnøve des Bouvrie at the University of Tromsø, 1972–2014: Interview and bibliography. </em>Synnøve des Bouvrie was born in Bussum near Amsterdam on 16 November 1944 as the child of a Norwegian mother and a Dutch father. After studies of classical philology at Leiden, she became one of the first lecturers at the University of Tromsø (UiT) in September 1972. A true pioneer, she has fought relentlessly for gender equality and the preservation of the so-called «small» languages at the UiT. Mastering ten languages altogether, Synnøve’s own research has always been internationally oriented. Applying an anthropological perspective on the ancient societies, she has also studied the current study of ancient tragedies from a similar, detached perspective, by means of which she has been able to single out national trends and historical contingency in cutting-edge research. Moreover, this «rare bird in Ultima Thule» is a staunch advocate for the active use of Latin in teaching and research and a prominent member of the <em>Academia Latinitati Fovendae</em>. In Tromsø too, she has been active in another academy, the cross-disciplinary <em>Academia Borealis</em>, of which she is the serving president. Moreover, she has taught and helped establish courses in various subjects outside her field of specialty at the UiT, like a cross-disciplinary course on Graeco-Roman art, archaeology, literature and history (<em>Antikkens kultur</em>) and comparative literature (<em>Allmenn litteratur</em>). The interview is highly personal, crammed with anecdotes from Synnøve’s private life and deliberations on how her upbringing may have influenced her choices as an academic. The bibliography lists her publications from 1972 to the present. In the interview she reveals that a monograph on Euripides can be expected to be published soon with an international publisher. In the appendix several illustrations are included, with captions in English.</p>

J. Freeman Gilbert (1931-2014)

James Freeman Gilbert, a renowned professor emeritus of geophysics in the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, died in Portland, Oregon, on 15 August 2014 from injuries related to an auto accident. He was 83 years old. J. Freeman Gilbert (1931–2014). A leading contributor in computational geophysics, seismology, earthquake sources, and geophysical inverse theory, Gilbert was the author of numerous research papers, book chapters, reviews, and other publications. “Since the moment he arrived at Scripps in 1961 after being recruited by Walter Munk, Freeman Gilbert was recognized as a true pioneer in Earth studies, armed with his knowledge and drive in applying modern computational tools to seismic problems,” said Margaret Leinen, director of Scripps. “Scripps is extremely grateful for all of Freeman’s contributions to science and to the education and training initiatives that he shaped at Scripps and the young UC San Diego campus.” Gilbert was a leading expert in seismic research. With his Scripps …

Biographical feature: Josephine Morello, Ph.D.

She was “a true pioneer in the profession and field of clinical microbiology” and “an incredible mentor for so many from young professionals in the field to medical students to nursing students—the list could go on and on.” These statements were only a few of the phrases that came to

Revealing a world of biofilms--the pioneering research of Bill Costerton.

Bill Costerton is recognized as the founding father of the field of biofilms, which is the study of microorganisms attached to surfaces. He was a true pioneer and was passionate about directly observing living complex microbial communities to learn how they function in different ecosystems. His multidisciplinary approach to the study of biofilms forged a common way of thinking about the ways in which microorganisms survive and function in the environment as well as in medical, dental, industrial, agricultural, engineering and other contexts. In this Essay, we outline some of the achievements that Bill made during his scientific journey.

Christina Grof: In Memoriam

Christina Grof, who left her body but not the world on the 14th of June, was a true pioneer of the research and understanding of the nature of the human psyche in its most advanced manifestations. ...

Roscoe Reid Graham (1890 to 1948): A Canadian Pioneer in General Surgery

Roscoe Reid Graham, a Canadian surgeon trained at the University of Toronto, was a true pioneer in the field of general surgery. Although he may be best known for his omental patch repair of perforated duodenal ulcers-often referred to as the "Graham patch"-he had a number of other significant accomplishments that decorated his surgical career. Dr. Graham is credited with being the first surgeon to successfully enucleate an insulinoma. He ventured to do an essentially brand new operation based solely on his patient's symptoms and physical findings, a courageous move that even some of the most talented surgeons would shy away from. He also spent a large portion of his career dedicated to the study of rectal prolapse, working tirelessly to rid his patients of this awful affliction. He was recognized by a number of different surgical associations for his operative successes and was awarded membership to those both in Canada and the United States. Despite all of these accolades, Dr. Graham remained grounded and always fervent in his dedication to the patient and their presenting symptom(s), reminding us that to do anything more would be "meddlesome." In an age when medical professionals are often all too eager to make unnecessary interventions, it is imperative that we look back at our predecessors such as Roscoe Reid Graham, for they will continually redirect us toward our one and only obligation: the patient.

Professor Dr Yves Vanrenterghem

On the 10th of September 2013, after a brave 3-year struggle against a serious illness, Professor Dr Yves Vanrenterghem, a towering figure of kidney transplantation medicine, passed away, aged 65 years. Yves peacefully departed at his home in Leuven, Belgium. Yves Vanrenterghem was a true pioneer in transplantation medicine. His tremendous contributions to the clinical development of novel immunosuppressive therapies in renal allograft transplantation have helped to optimize patient management and improve transplantation outcomes worldwide. Yves, born in Brugge, started his medical career in 1973 when he obtained his MD at the Catholic University Leuven (KUL), Belgium. Five years later, he finished his training as renal physician at the University Hospitals Leuven and became a staff member of the Department of Nephrology in that same institution. Although the first successful renal transplantation in the Leuven hospitals was performed on the 4th of November 1963, Yves’ early career was already characterized by his visionary ideas about the importance of developing adequate immunosuppressive therapy to maintain long-term graft acceptance, about the value of careful registration of transplantation-related outcome parameters and the development of a clinically applicable electronic medical file. In 1988, he was appointed full professor at the KUL and became head of the Nephrology department 4 years later. His interests in (novel) immunosuppressive therapy positioned Prof. Vanrenterghem increasingly in a leading role in the planning and execution of numerous landmark clinical studies, culminating in more than 80 clinical trial publications including “The Thomas Study,” “The 310-Study,” “The enabling Study,” “The Caesar Study,” “The Symphony Study,” and the pivotal Belatacept studies, to just name a few. With more than 350 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals, Prof. Vanrenterghem was a key opinion leader in clinical transplantation medicine. Yves presented the results of these studies around the world at international meetings in a manner that not so many people are able to do: clear, critical, focused, and straightforward directed at clinical relevance. For many among us, he was a great tutor and mentor in this respect. Yves has served on many editorial boards during his career, like for example, Transplantation, Transplantation Proceedings, American Journal of Transplantation, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Transplant International, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, and Zeitschrift für Transplantationsmedizin and was author of numerous book chapters. Education and teaching were among his most valuable dedications. In 1996, he was appointed chairman of the Eurotransplant International Foundation, an office he fulfilled for almost a decade with strong leadership and vision. As a sign of gratitude for this outstanding performance in his role as chairman of Eurotransplant, he received an honorary order (“Leopoldsorde”) from King Albert II of Belgium and remained honorary chair of Eurotransplant. Prof. Vanrenterghem understood already very early in his clinical career that to optimize patient care after successful transplantation, a strict clinical follow-up was essential, and the continuous sharing of information between the transplant center and the treating nephrologists was of the utmost importance. To establish an effective clinical follow-up program, Yves developed a completely electronic medical transplantation file, which could be shared real time between the transplant unit and more than 20 different referring hospitals in Belgium via a computer-linked data system; this was in 1990! Today, the use of electronic medical files is becoming daily practice; in 1990, this was unheard of. This same electronic database allowed for generating yearly reports on important transplantation-related outcomes that formed the basis for continuous improvements in patient care.FIGURE 1: Prof. Vanrenterghem giving a lecture in the University of Leuven.Yves’s role in European kidney transplantation medicine would be sufficient to assure his place in history. However, he really was a citizen of the world. In 2006, Yves was elected European Councilor of The Transplantation Society (TTS) where he served for 4 years and was intensively involved in the society’s actions against transplant tourism and the Declaration of Istanbul. In 2012, he received the TTS-Novartis Award for outstanding contribution to evidence-based medicine in transplantation. Yves was a world-renowned scientist and a dedicated physician. During his busy career, he never ceased to participate in clinical practice, and his warm and empathic contact with his patients has touched the hearts of many. He was a great teller of stories and truly enjoyed the niceties of life in the company of his family, friends, and colleagues. We will miss Yves, together with many colleagues and friends around the world. He was an exemplary medical professional, a great scientist, and a mentor for many. He helped and encouraged others, invariably making them feel special. Although he is no longer with us, his influence will be felt for decades.

The Right of Victims of Human Rights Violations to a Remedy: The Need for a World Court of Human Rights

Torkel Opsahl was one of the true pioneers of the international protection of human rights. Not many people have made such a significant contribution to the development of both the European and the...

A conversation with Emeritus Professor Frank Stilwell, Department of Political Economy, University of Sydney

This discussion, with a true pioneer of pluralist economics teaching, examines a particular strategy for achieving reform that has been adopted at Sydney University. It is a strategy that may have wide applicability for the reform of economics. The strategy is shown to have two features. Firstly, there has been the pursuit of institutional independence: a separate department of pluralist economics has been established that is independent of the existing neoclassical economics department. The second feature of the strategy has been one of explicit disciplinary differentiation: a pluralist economics is taught using the disciplinary title of ‘political economy’ rather than ‘economics’. The discussion also offers a range of interesting insights on the mainstream research frontier, the relationship between a pluralist economics and other social sciences, and the issues facing mainstream economists.

In Memoriam: Elwood Jensen (1920–2012)

With the death of Elwood Jensen at age 92 years, on December 16, 2012, the nuclear receptor field lost one of the true pioneers of steroid hormone receptors and their actions in endocrinology and disease. Dr Jensen was president of The Endocrine Society (1980–1981), a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was the Distinguished University Professor and George and Elizabeth Wile Chair in Cancer Research at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine’s Vontz Center for Molecular Studies at the time of his death. He was previously the Charles B. Huggins Chair and Director of the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research at the University of Chicago, where he carried out his ground-breaking work on understanding estrogen action. Elwood was especially interested in the causes and treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer, with a primary focus on the estrogen receptor (ER)as a target and predictor of response to hormone-based therapies. His research revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, first by demonstrating that approximately 70%–75% of all breast cancers express ER , and then by showing that women whose cancers expressed significant levels of ER benefited from nontoxic therapies that either eliminated the source of estrogens and/or included the use of estrogen antagonists such as tamoxifen. Elwood Jensen was born in Fargo, North Dakota, in 1920 and received his bachelor’s degree from Wittenberg University (Springfield, Ohio) in 1940, followed by a PhD degree in organic chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1944, where he worked with Morris Karasch not only on the development of poison gases for the war effort but also to develop a metal-catalyzed free radical addition of CXCl3 compounds to alkenes, which became known as the Karasch addition. With the help of Karasch, Elwood was then able to spend a postdoctoral year in Zurich, Switzerland, on a Guggenheim fellowship with Leopold Ruzicka at the Swiss Federal Technical Institute. Details of his research in Switzerland remain somewhat obscure, but as a measure of the daredevil enthusiasm and determination that would serve him well in later research on steroid hormone action, Elwood used this opportunity to climb the Matterhorn, the last major mountain in Europe to be

Analysis of Relationship between Pioneer Brand Status and Consumer’s Attitude toward a Brand (Case on Yamaha Automatic vs. Honda Automatic Transmission Motorcycle in Indonesia)

Previous research have indicated that brand pioneership provide some advantages such as high market share barriers to entry and consumers preference as well as higher consumer attitude. This paper intends to explore the relationship between perceived brand pioneership on consumers’ brand attitude. The study focuses on two competing brands from automatic transmission motorcycle category, namely Yamaha and Honda. Based on result from 90 respondents, this study confirms the perception that Yamaha (although not the true pioneer) is perceived by the majority of respondents as the pioneering brand in the automatic transmission motorcycle. This study also found that those respondents who perceived that Yamaha is the pioneer brand tend to ascribe higher brand attitude toward Yamaha than toward Honda. Result from this study adds to the repository of studies concerning brand pioneership as well as adding to repository of knowledge about Indonesian consumer behavior. Keywords: brand pioneership, consumer attitude, automatic transmission motorcycle