True Orientation Research Articles

Neutral atomic and molecular gas dynamics in the nearby spiral galaxies NGC 1512, NGC 4535, and NGC 7496

Neutral atomic gas (H I) effectively traces galactic dynamics across mid to large galactocentric radii. However, its limitations in observing small-scale changes within the central few kiloparsecs, coupled with the often observed H Ideficit in galactic centers, necessitates the use of molecular gas emission as a preferred tracer in these regions. Understanding the dynamics of both neutral atomic and molecular gas is crucial for a more complete understanding of how galaxies evolve, funnel gas from the outer disk into their central parts, and eventually form stars. In this work we aim to quantify the dynamics of both, the neutral atomic and molecular gas, in the nearby spiral galaxies NGC 1512, NGC 4535, and NGC 7496 using new MeerKAT H Iobservations together with ALMA CO (2-1) observations from the PHANGS collaboration. We use the analysis tool3DBarolo to fit tilted ring models to the H Iand CO observations. A combined approach of using the H Ito constrain the true disk orientation parameters before applying these to the CO datasets is tested. This paper sets expectations for the results of the upcoming high-resolution H Icoverage of many galaxies in the PHANGS-ALMA sample using MeerKAT or VLA, to establish a robust methodology for characterizing galaxy orientations and deriving dynamics from combing new H Iwith existing CO data.

Estimating three-dimensional foot bone kinematics from skin markers using a deep learning neural network model

The human foot is a complex structure comprising 26 bones, whose coordinated movements facilitate proper deformation of the foot, ensuring stable and efficient locomotion. Despite their critical role, the kinematics of foot bones during movement remain largely unexplored, primarily due to the absence of non-invasive methods for measuring foot bone kinematics. This study addresses this gap by proposing a neural network model for estimating foot bone movements using surface markers. To establish a mapping between the positions and orientations of the foot bones and 41 skin markers attached on the human foot, computed tomography scans of the foot with the markers were obtained with eleven healthy adults and thirteen cadaver specimens in different foot postures. The neural network architecture comprises four layers, with input and output layers containing the 41 marker positions and the positions and orientations of the nine foot bones, respectively. The mean errors between estimated and true foot bone position and orientation were 0.5 mm and 0.6 degrees, respectively, indicating that the neural network can provide 3D kinematics of the foot bones with sufficient accuracy in a non-invasive manner, thereby contributing to a better understanding of foot function and the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying foot disorders.

Equilibrium of Λ-fractional liquid crystals

Stability of the Λ-fractional equilibrium states of nematic liquid crystals is discussed. Applying bifurcation theory in the Λ-fractional space, branching analysis of the liquid crystals is performed and their constant initial direction ceases to exist at a critical value of the external (electromagnetic) field. Post-critical analysis is performed, defining the variable orientation of the crystals. The analysis is transferred into the initial space, defining the true variable orientation of the liquid crystal field.

Three-dimensional joint surface orientation does not correlate with two-dimensional coronal joint line orientation in knee osteoarthritis: Three-dimensional analysis of upright computed tomography

BackgroundTwo-dimensional (2D) coronal joint line orientation on radiography under weight-bearing conditions has been widely used in evaluating knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effects of tibial rotation remain unknown. The present study aimed to newly define three-dimensional (3D) joint surface orientation relative to the floor as an unchangeable 3D angle unaffected by tibial rotation using upright computed tomography (CT), and to investigate correlations between 3D and 2D parameters in knee OA. MethodsSixty-six knees in 38 patients with varus knee OA underwent standing hip-to-ankle digital radiography and upright CT. The 2D parameters measured on radiographs included femorotibial angle (FTA), tibial joint line angle (TJLA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and joint line convergence angle (JLCA). The 3D inner product angle between vectors of the tibial joint surface and the floor from CT was defined as the 3D joint surface-floor angle. ResultsMean 3D joint surface-floor angle was 6.0 ± 3.6°. No correlation was identified between 3D joint surface-floor angle and 2D joint line parameters, even though FTA correlated substantially with 2D joint line parameters. No significant differences in 3D joint surface-floor angle were identified among Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) types. ConclusionsThe 3D joint surface orientation did not correlate with 2D coronal joint line orientation and was unaffected by CPAK classification types. This finding suggests that current 2D evaluations should be reconsidered for a better understanding of true knee joint line orientation.

Evaluation method for in-situ stress orientation using wave anisotropy and electrical imaging logging data: A case study from the Longmaxi Formation in Yongchuan area, Sichuan Basin

In-situ stress orientation is a key parameter in studying oil and gas migration and accumulation, analyzing the stability of borehole wall during drilling, carrying out horizontal well design, fracturing reconstruction and well pattern layout in water injection development. Accurately predicting the in-situ stress orientation of reservoirs is of utmost importance for oil and gas exploration and development. It is the most effective and commonly used method to evaluate the in-situ orientation by using the induced fracture and breakout fracture of imaging logging data. However, in cases where effective induced fracture or breakout fracture cannot be formed during drilling, the in-situ orientation cannot be evaluated by imaging data alone. Taking the shale reservoir of Longmaxi Formation in Yongchuan area as an example, this paper presents a novel method for evaluating in-situ orientation. Firstly, the in-situ orientation is determined relative to the core sample marker line through the wave velocity anisotropy experiment. Secondly, the core sample is rotated to obtain an unfolded image of the core surface. The orientation of the core marker line in the electrical imaging is then determined by comparing the core image with the electrical imaging logging image. By doing so, the true orientation of the core can be obtained. This method aligns well with the in-situ stress orientation determined through induced fracture evaluation, addressing the limitation of electrical imaging data in evaluating in-situ stress orientation in plastic strata.

Cage Obliquity and Radiological Outcomes in Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion.

Retrospective radiological study. This study aimed to examine whether cage obliquity affects radiological outcomes in oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF). The OLIF cage enters the disk space in the oblique direction and is then turned to the true orthogonal orientation. However, orthogonal cage placement is often hindered by cage rotation limitations. Few studies have examined the degree of cage obliquity and its effects in OLIF. This study involved 171 levels in 118 consecutive patients who underwent OLIF between L2-L3 and L4-L5 with a minimum two-year follow-up. Cage obliquity was divided into three groups on postoperative axial computed tomography images; cage obliquity <10° (group 1), cage obliquity ≥10° and <20° (group 2), and cage obliquity ≥20° (group 3). The radiological outcomes included anterior/posterior disk height, intervertebral disk angle, foraminal height, fusion, and cage subsidence. Postoperative complications related to cage obliquity were examined. The mean cage obliquity of the 171 cages was 11.3±6.9°. Cage obliquity was greater at the L4-L5 level (13.4±6.4°) than at other levels (L2-L3 and L3-L4: 6.5±7.0° and 10.1±6.2°, respectively) ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in radiological outcomes among the groups. There were two cases of postoperative contralateral neurological symptoms in group 3. Our study showed that the orthogonal cage rotation in OLIF achieved adequate lateral cage placement. Although accurate cage rotation can be limited at the lower lumbar segments, radiological outcomes were not affected by cage obliquity.

An Uncut Chip Thickness and Surface Finish Model for Contour Turning with a Corner and Edge Radiused Insert

Uncut chip thickness h and total surface finish profile height Rt is modeled in general contour turning where feed rate is oblique to the workpiece X-axis in the XY plane. The insert surface was parameterized with arc-lengths along corner and edge radius applying a common template. For true insert orientation, projecting the grazing curve GC on the XY plane, h was measured normal to projection at every point. Revolving the GC about X, its subsegment producing surface finish imprint solved and Rt calculated. Contact extremities agreed with published data in cylindrical hard-turning. Brammertz BE and Side-Flow SF effects in surface generated were further modeled. The Rt plateau at low feed rates for BE was smaller for smaller minimum uncut chip thickness (hmin) imposed. A greater side-flow angle (SFA) increased Rt for a fixed feed rate. Tighter bounds to published Rt varying hmin and SFA were rapidly obtained due to use of the common template. Departure from plane strain responsible for SF at cut extremity on the finished surface based on published orthogonal cutting width to h ratios were quantitatively predicted.

Reorienting Lower Lateral Cartilages With Lateral Crural Struts: Aesthetic and Functional Benefits

Nasal tip shape and position play a major role in the aesthetic appearance of the nose. Cephalically oriented lower lateral cartilages (LLC) are associated with a broad boxy nasal tip. Reorienting cephalically positioned LLC with lateral crural strut grafts is a technique used to correct the nasal tip. An open approach surgical technique is described to evaluate the true orientation of the LLC and correct the boxy nasal tip. Five cases are shown with pre- and post-op pictures. The identical surgical technique is used in all cases with a variation in grafts necessary to create the desired esthetic result. All 5 described cases are on female patients. In all cases, reorientation of the lateral crura with lateral crural strut grafts were performed. In all, 4 of the 5 cases required a columellar strut graft, 3 cases required a shield graft to increase nasal tip projection and control the columellar-lobular angle, and 2 cases required spreader grafts for internal nasal valve support. All 5 cases required a variation of inter and intra-domal suture techniques to refine the nasal tip. A boxy nasal tip with supra-tip fullness is commonly associated with cephalically oriented LLC. Changing the orientation of the LLC to a more favorable angle and using lateral crural strut grafts can be used to not only correct the nasal tip deformity, but also facilitate projecting/de-projecting the nose, changing the rotation of the tip, and also supporting the external nasal valve. Reorienting cephalically oriented LLC is a versatile approach to reshaping the nasal tip. It is a technically demanding maneuver that when executed, allows complete control of the nasal tip complex. We have used this approach in many cases involving a boxy nasal tip with long ptotic tips and poorly supported external valves.

Transfer Alignment Technique for Shipboard Missile Strapdown Inertial Navigation System using an Adaptive Kalman Filter

Missile Guidance system needs accurate estimates from Inertial Navigation System (INS) for guiding&#x0D; the vehicle towards the target. In this paper a target point, specified before launch, in a battlefield scenario&#x0D; is considered for a landmark using missile Strap Down Inertial Navigation System (SDINS) aided by Master&#x0D; INS (MINS) placed on a moving platform. Azimuth information of the missile is one of the most critical&#x0D; navigation states for estimation on the moving platform before launching the missile for precise impact.&#x0D; An Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) based on the error state model is formulated. The 7-state AKF with 4-measurement forms the core, where the filter gain of the innovation sequence (measurements) is&#x0D; evaluated. This approach of adaptively computing the gain is tested in a laboratory, on a van and in a ship&#x0D; trial, culminating in a successful guided missile launch. Mean and the covariance of the measurement&#x0D; residuals were used in a unique way to compute adaptive gain after the accumulation of initial samples.&#x0D; A Master INS (with advanced Gyros) whose accuracy is much higher than the accuracy of the missile’s&#x0D; SDINS is used for velocity matching algorithm before the launch with execution of an S-maneuver for generation&#x0D; of accelerations towards observing the states more appropriately. Estimated error states were used in a feedback mode to get near the true orientation of the Missile’s slave INS. Error quaternions are used for this purpose in the feedback and the gains were selected using offline matrix Riccati equation solution in a discrete domain as used in the modern control system. The results were very encouraging with less than 5 arc minutes of error in azimuth.

The Roles of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Predicting Reactions to Suitors: Revealing Intersectional Complexities

ABSTRACT Relatively little is known about how gender and sexual orientation intersect to predict young adults’ responses to unwanted romantic and sexual overtures from men and women suitors. To better understand these potential differences, and explore possible mechanisms that explain them, this pre-registered study used an online questionnaire to assess reactions to both hypothetical and recalled suitors among a sample of 855 cisgender heterosexual and gay young adults (18–35) from the United States. Results revealed that gay women and heterosexual men reported the most negative hypothetical reactions to men (versus women) suitors, while gay women, heterosexual men, and heterosexual women all recalled more negative reactions to men than women suitors. Gay men recalled relatively benign reactions to suitors of both genders. A desire to be seen as one’s true orientation was a mediating factor for both gay women’s and heterosexual men’s negative reactions to men suitors. These findings and their potential explanations highlight the complexity of how gender and sexual orientation intersect to shape responses to romantic and sexual overtures from men and women suitors.

Extension of the Rigid-Constraint Method for the Heuristic Suboptimal Parameter Tuning to Ten Sensor Fusion Algorithms Using Inertial and Magnetic Sensing.

The orientation of a magneto-inertial measurement unit can be estimated using a sensor fusion algorithm (SFA). However, orientation accuracy is greatly affected by the choice of the SFA parameter values which represents one of the most critical steps. A commonly adopted approach is to fine-tune parameter values to minimize the difference between estimated and true orientation. However, this can only be implemented within the laboratory setting by requiring the use of a concurrent gold-standard technology. To overcome this limitation, a Rigid-Constraint Method (RCM) was proposed to estimate suboptimal parameter values without relying on any orientation reference. The RCM method effectiveness was successfully tested on a single-parameter SFA, with an average error increase with respect to the optimal of 1.5 deg. In this work, the applicability of the RCM was evaluated on 10 popular SFAs with multiple parameters under different experimental scenarios. The average residual between the optimal and suboptimal errors amounted to 0.6 deg with a maximum of 3.7 deg. These encouraging results suggest the possibility to properly tune a generic SFA on different scenarios without using any reference. The synchronized dataset also including the optical data and the SFA codes are available online.

Polarised emission from aligned dust grains in nearby galaxies: Predictions from the Auriga simulations

Context. Polarised emission from non-spherical dust grains contains information about the alignment of these dust grains and traces the structure of the interstellar magnetic field. Methods. We post-processed a set of Milky-Way-like galaxies from the Auriga project, assuming a dust mix consisting of spheroidal dust grains that are partially aligned with the model magnetic field. We constrained our dust model using Planck 353 GHz observations of the Milky Way. This model was then extrapolated to shorter wavelengths that cover the peak of interstellar dust emission and to observations of arbitrarily oriented nearby Milky-Way-like galaxies. Results. Assuming an intrinsic linear polarisation fraction that does not vary significantly with wavelength for wavelengths longer than 50 micron, we predict a linear polarisation fraction with a maximum of 10 − 15% and a median value of ≈7% for face-on galaxies and ≈3% for edge-on galaxies. The polarisation fraction anti-correlates with the line of sight density and with the angular dispersion function which expresses the large-scale order of the magnetic field perpendicular to the line of sight. The maximum linear polarisation fraction agrees well with the intrinsic properties of the dust model. The true magnetic field orientation can be traced along low density lines of sight when it is coherent along the line of sight. These results also hold for nearby galaxies, where a coherent magnetic field structure is recovered over a range of different broad bands. Conclusions. Polarised emission from non-spherical dust grains accurately traces the large-scale structure of the galactic magnetic field in Milky-Way-like galaxies, with expected maximum linear polarisation fractions of 10 − 15%. To resolve this maximum, a spatial resolution of at least 1 kpc is required.

How does former Salter innominate osteotomy in patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease influence acetabular orientation? An MRI-based study.

ABSTRACTSalter innominate osteotomy (SIO) has been successfully used in the treatment of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD). Recent studies that have raised concerns about acetabular retroversion after SIO have been based on plain radiographs. In order to assess the true acetabular orientation, the present study uses a specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. In addition, the association between acetabular morphology and clinical function as well as health-related quality of life was assessed. Twenty-three patients with 24 operated hips who underwent SIO for LCPD between January 2004 and November 2014 were included. Mean age was 8.5 ± 2.2 years at surgery and 18.5 ± 2.9 years at follow-up. MRIs were conducted at 1.5 T using radial sequences. The analysis included the acetabular version, acetabular sector angles (ASAs) and alpha angles. Plain radiographs were used in order to obtain the Stulberg classification. Patient-related outcome measures included the international Hip Outcome Tool and Euroqol-5 dimensions scores. In comparison to the non-operated side, the MRI of previously operated hips showed no difference of version at the center of the femoral head but significantly decreased version just below the roof level. As a marker for posterior acetabular coverage, the ASAs between 9 and 11 o’clock were significantly decreased when compared with non-operated hips. In hips with a mild acetabular retroversion (<15°), the function was significantly decreased when compared with non-retroverted hips. The SIO is an effective tool in order to restore acetabular containment in LCPD. When compared with the non-operated hips, our collective displays only moderate changes of acetabular orientation and coverage.

Proposal of accurate cup placement procedure during total hip arthroplasty based on pelvic tilt discrepancies in the lateral position

By combining the anatomical-pelvic-plane (APP) positioner with a newly improved navigation system during total hip arthroplasty (THA), it is theoretically possible to determine cup orientation based on the APP while tracking pelvic movement. The purpose of this study was to determine the navigation accuracy and whether the error is related to the pelvic position fixed by the positioner. Fifty hips that underwent primary THA between 2018 and 2020 were analysed. The accuracy was 2.34° at radiographic inclination (RI) and − 5.01° at radiographic anteversion (RA), and the error was within 10° at both RI and RA in only 40 of 50 hips (80.0%). The discrepancy in pelvic sagittal tilt was correlated with the cup orientation error and especially strongly correlated with the RA error (r = − 0.751, p < 0.001). When RI and RA were calculated using a correction formula to determine the true cup orientation based on the pelvic tilt discrepancies, the error in both RI and RA was within 10° in all cases (100%). The navigation accuracy is related to the pelvic position fixed by the positioner, and the correction formula for the target angle that considers pelvic tilt discrepancies can lead to accurate cup placement in the future.

Thinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals

Thinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals

Thinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals

Thinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals

A high-fidelity crystal-plasticity finite element methodology for low-cycle fatigue using automatic electron backscatter diffraction scan conversion: Application to hot-rolled cobalt–chromium alloy

The common approach to crystal-plasticity finite element modeling for load-bearing prediction of metallic structures involves the simulation of simplified grain morphology and substructure detail. This paper details a methodology for predicting the structure–property effect of as-manufactured microstructure, including true grain morphology and orientation, on cyclic plasticity, and fatigue crack initiation in biomedical-grade CoCr alloy. The methodology generates high-fidelity crystal-plasticity finite element models, by directly converting measured electron backscatter diffraction metal microstructure grain maps into finite element microstructural models, and thus captures essential grain definition for improved microstructure–property analyses. This electron backscatter diffraction-based method for crystal-plasticity finite element model generation is shown to give approximately 10% improved agreement for fatigue life prediction, compared with the more commonly used Voronoi tessellation method. However, the added microstructural detail available in electron backscatter diffraction–crystal-plasticity finite element did not significantly alter the bulk stress–strain response prediction, compared to Voronoi tessellation–crystal-plasticity finite element. The new electron backscatter diffraction-based method within a strain-gradient crystal-plasticity finite element model is also applied to predict measured grain size effects for cyclic plasticity and fatigue crack initiation, and shows the concentration of geometrically necessary dislocations around true grain boundaries, with smaller grain samples exhibiting higher overall geometrically necessary dislocations concentrations. In addition, minimum model sizes for Voronoi tessellation–crystal-plasticity finite element and electron backscatter diffraction–crystal-plasticity finite element models are proposed for cyclic hysteresis and fatigue crack initiation prediction.

Nuances of Radiographic Assessment of Distal Radius Fractures to Avoid Missed Fragments.

Distal radius fractures, like many articular and periarticular fractures, can make it difficult to determine the true number, location, and orientation of fracture fragments. This article should help the reader work through imaging interpretation starting from the initial, often displaced radiographs to postreduction imaging and determination if further 3-dimensional imaging is necessary.

Stakeholder management in sustainable supply chains: A case study of the bioenergy industry

AbstractEngaging with stakeholders and managing their issues when striving for a sustainable supply chain (SC) is a significant challenge. Although most studies on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) consider stakeholder management necessary, little is known about related stakeholder management practices in SSCM. Thus, this paper seeks to enrich the theoretical debate on stakeholder management practices in SSCM through a case study approach to bioenergy SCs in Chile. Based on 28 interviews with SC actors and representatives from the surrounding stakeholder environment, the deductive–inductive analysis reveals that stakeholder management combines different practices to discuss stakeholder concerns, address them, and evaluate the process at the SC's external and internal levels. We propose structuring these practices based on two dimensions: “practices to address stakeholder requirements” and “practices whereby stakeholders are integrated.” The analysis' results indicate that although two‐way communication with stakeholders can be seen as the core of stakeholder management, a certain willingness to learn and transform SC design is a prerequisite for true orientation toward stakeholder management in SSCM. Additionally, linkage development and local anchoring are practices used to obtain further legitimacy at the external level. Building on these findings, this study can guide practitioners in engaging with stakeholders and managing their issues across the SC.

A Visual-Vestibular Model to Predict Motion Sickness Response in Passengers of Autonomous Vehicles

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Multiple models to estimate motion sickness (MS) have been proposed in the literature; however, few capture the influence of visual cues, limiting the models’ ability to predict MS that closely matches experimental MS data. This is especially significant in the presence of conflicts between visual and vestibular sensory signals. This paper provides an analysis of the gaps within existing MS estimation models and addresses these gaps by proposing the visual-vestibular motion sickness (VVMS) model. In this paper, the structure of the VVMS model, associated model parameters, and mathematical and physiological justification for selecting these parameters are presented. The VVMS model integrates vestibular sensory dynamics, visual motion perception, and visual-vestibular cue conflict to determine the conflict between the sensed and true vertical orientation of the passenger. The model performance is verified by comparing MS response output against experimentally determined motion sickness measures from past investigations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;