True Nature Research Articles

Music therapy: scientific perspectives and clinical prospects

Music and arts for healing purposes look back over a multifaceted evolution and a myriad of phenomena in various cultures. Interdisciplinary considerations suggest to distinguish five different, but partly overlapping stages. The first refers to historical roots and ethnological sources, which have also influenced modern meta-theoretical perspectives and practices. The next stage marks the heterogeneous origins of modern music therapy in the 20th century that mirror psychological positions and novel clinical ideas about the healing power of music and the arts. The following heyday of music therapeutic models and schools of thought yielded an enormous variety of concepts and methods such as Nordoff-Robbins MT, Orff MT, Analytic MT, Regulatory MT, GIM or Sound Work. As music and arts therapies gained in international importance, clinical applications required research about their therapeutic efficacy. According to standards of evidence based medicine and with regard to clearly defined diagnoses research on music therapeutic practice became the core of stage four. The present stage is characterised by an emerging epistemological dissatisfaction with the paradigmatic reductionism of evidence based medicine and the strong will to discover the ‘true healing nature’ of music. This trend has given birth to interdisciplinary hermeneutics for novel foundations of music and arts therapies. Epigenetics, neuroplasticity, regulatory and chronobiological sciences, quantum physical philosophies, universal harmonies, spiritual and religious views, and the cultural anthropological phenomenon of aesthetics and creativity have become guiding principles. The present paper relates to the author’s EASA-speech on the 2nd of December 2022 about landmarks in the evolution of modern music therapy and its interdisciplinary perspectives.

Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology in Light of Classical Persian Literature

This paper aims to present a tentative analysis of the possible commonalities and differences between Adlerian individual psychology and classical Persian literary texts of the pre-modern period written by mystics Abu Saeed Abu al-Khair, Jami, Saadi, and Rumi. The authors put forward the suggestion that modern psychological approaches, especially those dealing with education of children, might be rooted in the teachings of Iranian mystics. In mysticism and classical Iranian literature, like in Adlerian psychology, much attention is given to human nature in its entirety and personality development. The analysis focuses on such core aspects of Adler’s theory as the feeling of inferiority and the striving for recognition, the influence of family and social environment on personality development and lifestyle. It is shown that, like Adler’s individual psychology, classical Persian texts stress the importance of the social aspect in the child’s development but while Adler believed in the freedom of choice and people’s creative power to change their personality structure (lifestyle), the classical Iranian authors emphasized the existence of a certain “true nature” that cannot be influenced by education or social environment. These findings can inspire future research into the possible connections between the holistic personality theories in modern psychology and the philosophical thought in classical Persian literature.

Flow kinematics of granular materials considering realistic morphology

The study focuses on understanding the influence of particle morphology, interparticle friction and hopper exit width on spatial and temporal variations in velocity during dry granular flow. Using non-convex morphologies (sand, chickpea and rice), the flow characteristics and velocity fluctuations are explored. Funnel flow pattern was evident in angular shapes even in hoppers designed for mass flow discharge. K-means clustering, an unsupervised algorithm, is used to group the spatial variation of velocity inside the hopper. Three flow clusters were identified which indicate the flow transition from funnel to mass flow. The Free Flow Cluster (FFC) height was observed to be least for bulky-shaped particles because of their high sphericity and roundness values. Angular particles were observed to exhibit rapid temporal velocity fluctuations when compared to elongated and bulky shapes. Finally, the pseudo-shape approximations typically used in DEM fail to capture the true interlocking nature in the flow behaviour observed within realistic particle morphologies.

Transformation of Folklore Images and Motifs in Dara Korniy’s Novel “Honykhmarnyk”

The article examines folklore motifs and images of Dara Kornyi's novel "Honykhmarnyk", which is offered to be analyzed in the Ukrainian literature class in the 11th grade in the context of studying modern literature. It is indicated that the writer contributed to the development of the urban fantasy genre, and her work is rooted in folklore and mythology, which will allow students to deepen their knowledge of oral folk art, to draw parallels with the works they studied in high school, in particular Lesia Ukrainka's "Forest Song" and "Shadows of forgotten ancestors" by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi. It is proven that the synthesis of arts as a characteristic feature of the style, folklore echoes, poetic epigraphs, and mentions of the names of famous artists significantly expand the context of the work and generate allusions that should be analyzed in class. The title of the novel and the names of individual sections indicate its connection with mythology and folklore. The work contains many legends, tales, and folk songs, and artistically interprets the image of a duplicitous man who belongs to the corpus of Ukrainian "lower mythology". The article analyzes the main signs of a two-headed person and also focuses on rituals that can reduce the power of Gradobur. In parallel with the image of Honykhmarnyk, the history of the herbalist family, to which Alina belongs, is described. A whole series of legends, tales, and superstitions are woven into the artistic fabric of the work, in particular, about the power of charms that protect against evil spirits. One of the aspects of the research was the legend of the family curse and Alina's efforts to break the closed circle. The struggle between good and evil in the work is marked as a confrontation between black and white magic.
 It has been proven that the Carpathian and Lviv topos play an important role in the novel, in the coordinates at which the main characters interact. It is revealed that nature reveals the true nature of the heroes, and the patron of the city guards the secrets of its inhabitants. It is illustrated that Dara Korniy resorts to erasing the boundaries between reality, memories, dreams, and real and parallel worlds, and paintings serve as a kind of portals to the afterlife. The main character tries to separate two beings and save the soul of her beloved. It is indicated that the journeys to the afterlife are filled with horror, so they resemble fragments of Gothic works, but the power of her love can overcome all obstacles.

The Medial and the Mother: A Complex Relationship between Archetypes

Toni Wolff posited her theory of the “Structural Forms of the Feminine Psyche” in the mid-20th century. In this work she named four feminine archetypes: mother, hetaira, amazon, and medial. While there are interrelationships between each archetype, here I explore only the medial archetype as it relates to the mother archetype. The process of discovery involved deep, lengthy interviews with medial women. The feminine medial archetype is the least recognized in contemporary Western culture, and there are few roles in which a medial woman may express the power of this archetype. In fact, most medial women have never heard this term used to describe them. Many medial women consciously or unconsciously hide their true nature underground or move to the edges of society to protect this innate quality. Others occupy roles that don’t fit who they truly are, in which case the woman experiences an internal restlessness, tension, or despair. In my studies of the medial archetype, I interviewed many medial women on different aspects of their experience. All indicated they had an uneasy or complicated relationship with the mother archetype and also with the mother role. I shall explore some of what this has been for them, as well as why it may be so common. Finally, I invite a glimpse into the courtroom at the trial of the man who raped my daughter as an illustration of how my own mother and medial energies interacted.

Introduction

Introduction

The Modal Future

<i>The Modal Future</i>

Policing and Population Health: Past, Present, and Future.

Policy Points A growing body of research suggests that policing, as a form of state-sanctioned racial violence, operates as a social determinant of population health and racial or ethnic health disparities. A lack of compulsory, comprehensive data on interactions with police has greatly limited our ability to calculate the true prevalence and nature of police violence. While innovative unofficial data sources have been able to fill these data gaps, compulsory and comprehensive data reporting on interactions with police, as well as considerable investments in research on policing and health, are required to further our understanding of this public health issue.

Deep Follow-up for Gravitational-wave Inference: A Case Study with GW151226

New analyses of gravitational-wave events raise questions about the nature of some events. For example, LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA initially determined GW151226 to be a merger with a mass ratio q ≈ 0.5 and effective inspiral spin χ eff ≈ 0.2. However, recent works offer an alternative picture: GW151226 is a lower mass ratio event q ≈ 0.3 with slightly higher spin χ eff ≈ 0.3. This discrepancy has been challenging to resolve, as a wide range of differences are employed for each analysis. This work introduces a “deep follow-up” framework to efficiently compute the posterior odds between two different peaks in parameter space. In doing so, we aim to help resolve disputes about the true nature of gravitational-wave events associated with conflicting astrophysical interpretations. Our proposal is not a replacement for standard inference techniques; instead, our method provides a diagnostic tool to understand discrepancies between conflicting results. We demonstrate this method by studying three q–χ eff peaks proposed for GW151226. We find that the (q ∼ 0.5, χ eff ∼ 0.2) interpretation is only slightly preferred over the (q ∼ 0.3, χ eff ∼ 0.3) hypothesis with posterior odds of ∼1.7 ± 0.4, suggesting that neither of the two peaks can be ruled out. We discuss strategies to produce more reliable parameter estimation studies in gravitational-wave astronomy.

Explaining COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: A spatial sociodemographic study in Turkey

AbstractCOVID‐19 vaccines have so far been the most powerful weapon in the current pandemic, yet many people still show hesitancy towards them. This paper is one of the first studies that examine the factors affecting the COVID‐19 vaccine uptake decision from a spatial perspective in Turkey. The study setting allows us to specify the spatial effects that are influential in this decision without which the true nature of the association between vaccination rates and various socio‐economic factors can be determined. Our findings reveal the existence of global spatial interactions in vaccination rates. In addition, age, the level of conservatism, and low education levels show spillovers that amplify their total effects on vaccination rates.

Musta mere ranniku eesti asunikud malaaria meelevallas

Musta mere ranniku eesti asunikud malaaria meelevallas

Infectious viruses from transfected SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA.

SARS-CoV-2 emerged at the end of 2019, and like other novel pathogens causing severe symptoms, WHO recommended heightened biosafety measures for laboratories working with the virus. The positive-stranded genomic RNA of coronaviruses has been known to be infectious since the 1970s, and overall, all experiments with the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 propagation are carried out in higher containment level laboratories. However, as SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been routinely handled in BSL-2 laboratories, the question of the true nature of RNA infectiousness has risen along with discussion of appropriate biosafety measures. Here, we studied the ability of native SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA to produce infectious viruses when transfected into permissive cells and discussed the biosafety control measures related to these assays. In transfection assays large quantities of genomic vRNA of SARS-CoV-2 was required for a successful production of infectious viruses. However, the quantity of vRNA alone was not the only factor, and especially when the transfected RNA was derived from infected cells, even small amounts of genomic vRNA was enough for an infection. Virus replication was found to start rapidly after transfection, and infectious viruses were detected in the cell culture media at 24h post-transfection. In addition, silica membrane-based kits were shown to be as good as traditional TRI-reagent based methods in extracting high-quality, 30kb-long genomic vRNA. Taken together, our data indicates that all transfection experiments with samples containing genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA should be categorized as a propagative work and the work should be conducted only in a higher containment BSL-3 laboratory.

Unveiling the nature of infrared bright, optically dark galaxies with early JWST data

ABSTRACT Over the last few years, both Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Spitzer observations have revealed a population of likely massive galaxies at z &amp;gt; 3 that was too faint to be detected inHubble Space Telescope(HST) rest-frame ultraviolet imaging. However, due to the very limited photometry for individual galaxies, the true nature of these so-called HST-dark galaxies has remained elusive. Here, we present the first sample of such galaxies observed with very deep, high-resolution NIRCam imaging from the Early Release Science programme CEERS. 30 HST-dark sources are selected based on their red colours across 1.6–4.4 $\mu$m. Their physical properties are derived from 12-band multiwavelength photometry, including ancillary HST imaging. We find that these galaxies are generally heavily dust-obscured (AV ∼ 2 mag), massive (log (M/M⊙) ∼ 10), star-forming sources at z ∼ 2−8 with an observed surface density of ∼0.8 arcmin−2. This suggests that an important fraction of massive galaxies may have been missing from our cosmic census at z &amp;gt; 3 all the way into the Epoch of Reionization. The HST-dark sources lie on the main sequence of galaxies and add an obscured star formation rate density of $\mathrm{3.2^{+1.8}_{-1.3} \times 10^{-3} \,{\rm M}_{\odot }\,yr^{-1}\,Mpc^{-3}}$ at z ∼ 7, showing likely presence of dust in the Epoch of Reionization. Our analysis shows the unique power of JWST to reveal this previously missing galaxy population and to provide a more complete census of galaxies at z = 2−8 based on rest-frame optical imaging.

Путь в «страну без дорог»

The work is devoted to reflections on the text of A.A. Zinoviev’s dystopia “The Global Humant Hill”. The main ideas of the work, the general trends in the development of civilization outlined in the novel are traced. The close connection of the thoughts and ideas reflected in the work with the pressing problems of the development of modern society is noted. The danger of dehu­manization of human society, submission to social standards, blindly following the path of material progress is shown. The author of the article believes that one of the main problems described in the dystopia is connected with a lack of un­derstanding of the true nature of the human personality, the psychological depth of a person, his moral, spiritual basis, ignoring which leads to disastrous conse­quences. Attention is drawn to the importance of subordinating scientific and technological development to the ideas of human welfare, to critical and skepti­cal attitude to progressive technocratic social models associated with digitaliza­tion, computerization, artificial intelligence. Zinoviev’s novel is seen as a warn­ing to younger contemporaries and future generations, for whom a collision with a complex of problems associated with a new stage of human society develop­ment is inevitable.

Global strategy collections: Multinationality and performance

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this second collection of articles relating to global strategy, we address the well‐established but unresolved issue of the relationship between multinationality and performance among multinational firms. The M‐P relationship has been the topic of many articles in many journals for many years, but its true nature is still not established. Both theory and empirical findings provide different and often opposed views, as can be seen in the articles collected here. We see two main perspectives on this issue. Some scholars suggest that differences in data and analytical tools have prevented consistent empirical results, and that more consistent and carefully chosen empirical modeling can yet establish the true M‐P connection. Others believe that basic problems in theory and in building testable frameworks that are truly consistent with theory have made this an inherently intractable problem. The collection provides important articles that test the M‐P relationship as well as critiques from both perspectives. We see considerable power in the view that individual firms are likely to have their own idiosyncratic optimal level of multinationaliation. We finish by calling for and suggesting new approaches to the issue, such as a micro‐foundations approach, as opposed to simply using more sophisticated tools to test problematic models based on well‐established but ultimately inadequate theory.Managerial SummaryThe relationship between the level of multinational diversification and performance in multinational firms is at the heart of global strategy. If operating at ever increasing levels in ever more countries does not provide reliably superior performance, why do firms continue to expand internationally? One view suggests that since firms continue to increase their international presence, there must be some ultimate benefits—difficult as they may be to establish. The opposing view suggests that since an equal amount of research finds no such benefits, it may be that no level of multinational diversification is generally optimal, but that depending on its particular resources and capabilities, experience, industry, and national portfolio, each multinational must discover its own optimal level of cross‐border investment.

Physeal injuries of the clavicle: pediatric counterparts to adult acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint separations.

The epiphyses at the medial and lateral ends of the clavicle are small, ossify relatively late, and may not fuse until early adulthood. Because of this unique anatomy, pediatric and young adult injuries that involve the clavicle often differ from the patterns typically seen in older adults. Clavicular trauma that affects the acromioclavicular joint laterally or sternoclavicular joint medially often results in a physeal fracture and as such, can go unrecognized or be mistaken for a joint dislocation. Radiographic assessment is challenging, particularly when the epiphysis is not yet ossified. However, MR imaging allows for visualization of the cartilage, periosteum and perichondrium, and ligaments of the affected joints. Lateral clavicle physeal injuries can be categorized by the Dameron and Rockwood system, the pediatric correlate to the Rockwood classification of adult acromioclavicular joint injuries. Medial clavicle physeal fractures, similar to adult sternoclavicular joint dislocations, may result in anterior or posterior displacement. Because of their great ability to heal and remodel, clavicular physeal fractures respond better to conservative management than true acromioclavicular or sternoclavicular joint dislocations. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the true nature of these injuries, as there are implications for successful treatment and appropriate prognosis.

Beyond trust: why American classical jurists and economists could not love the corporation

Given the unconditional favour that scholars imbued with classical ideas should bestow on any manifestation of business freedom and entrepreneurial spirit, it was not a given that classical jurists and economists would join the ranks of those who in the late 19th century complained about the corporatisation of the American economy. The usual explanation is that they did so out of doctrinal and practical concerns for the effect of the associated rise of monopolies and trusts. A complementary account exists, however, offered by law historians and based on the doctrinal controversies about the true nature of corporations triggered by the famous Santa Clara decision (1886) of the US Supreme Court. The paper casts new light on the latter account by uncovering those aspects of classical economics that made it impossible for its supporters – economists and jurists alike – to unreservedly support the corporate form before and beyond the trust problem.

The Clothes Maketh the Cult

The Clothes Maketh the Cult

Letter from Norway

Letter from Norway

The Hubble/STIS near-ultraviolet transmission spectrum of HD 189733 b

The benchmark hot Jupiter HD 189733 b has been a key target, used to lay out the foundations of comparative planetology for giant exo-planets. As such, HD 189733 b has been extensively studied across the electromagnetic spectrum. Here we report the observation and analysis of three transit light curves of HD 189733 b obtained with Hubble/STIS in the near-ultraviolet (NUV), the last remaining unexplored spectral window to be probed with present-day instrumentation for this planet. The NUV is a unique window for atmospheric mass-loss studies owing to the strong resonance lines and large photospheric flux. Overall, from a low-resolution analysis (R = 50) we found that the planet’s NUV spectrum is well characterized by a relatively flat baseline, consistent with the optical-infrared transmission, plus two regions at ~2350 and ~2600 Å that exhibit a broad and significant excess absorption above the continuum. From an analysis at a higher resolution (R = 4700), we found that the transit depths at the core of the magnesium resonance lines are consistent with the surrounding continuum. We discarded the presence of Mg II absorption in the upper atmosphere at a ~2–4σ confidence level, whereas we could place no significant constraint for Mg I absorption. These broad absorption features coincide with the expected location of Fe II bands; however, solar-abundance hydrodynamic models of the upper atmosphere are not able to reproduce the amplitude of these features with iron absorption. This scenario would require a combination of little to no iron condensation in the lower atmosphere super-solar metallicities and a mechanism to enhance the absorption features (such as zonal wind broadening). The true nature of this feature remains to be confirmed.