Jellyfish Research Articles

Development of a Compact Vacuum Freeze Drying for Jelly Fish (Schypomedusae)

A new design of a vacuum freeze drying with internal cooling and heater from condenser’s heat loss was built and tested. The dryer was used to dry jelly fish (scyphomedusae) to study the effect of drying parameter such as temperature within the drying chamber on mass losses (evaporation) during freezing stage and moisture ratio at the end of drying process and also the drying rate of vacuum drying process. The cold trap temperature rise in when activated the heating from condenser’s heat loss. The midili thin layer mathematical drying model was used to estimate and predict the moisture ratio curve base on different drying chamber temperature. The result of this experiment show that mass loss during freezing stage decreased with a decrease in drying chamber temperature with constant pressure. Drying time reduced with an increase in drying temperature. Drying chamber temperature decreasing has a result pressure saturation of material lower than drying chamber pressure have an effect mass transfer should not occurs.

Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter released during the metabolic process of small medusa

The metabolic processes of jellyfish can produce dissolved organic matter (DOM) which will influence the functioning of the aquatic ecosystems, yet the optical properties of DOM released by jellyfish are unknown. Here we report the absorption and fluorescence properties of DOM released by a medusa species Black fordia virginica during a 24 h incubation experiment. Compared with the control group, an obvious increase in the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorption coefficient (a280) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) was observed in incubation group. This clearly demonstrated the release of DOM, chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and dissolved nutrients by B. virginica which feed on enough of Artemia sp. before the experiment. The increase in spectral slope ratio (SR) and decrease in humification index (HIX) indicated that the released DOM was less-humified and had relatively lower molecular weight. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) decomposed the fluorescence matrices of DOM into three humic-like components (C1-C3) and one protein-like component (C4). The Fmax of two components (C2: < 250, 295/386 nm; C4: 275/334 nm) with the emission wavelength < 400 nm increased significantly during the metabolic process of B. virginica. However, the Fmax of the other two components with the emission wavelength > 400 nm showed little changes. Thus, we suggested a zooplankton index (ZIX) to trace and characterize the DOM excreted by metabolic activity of zooplankton, which is calculated as the ratio of the sum of Fmax of all fluorescence components with the emission wavelength < 400 nm to the sum of Fmax of the other components with the emission wavelength > 400 nm.

Challenges in the Jellyfish Bloom Research

Challenges in the Jellyfish Bloom Research

Keep jellyfish numbers in check

Keep jellyfish numbers in check

Book reviews

A World Among these Islands: Essays on Literature, Race, and National Identity in Antillean America, by Roberto Márquez (reviewed by Peter Hulme) Caribbean Reasonings: The Thought of New World, The Quest for Decolonisation, edited by Brian Meeks &amp; Norman Girvan (reviewed by Cary Fraser) Elusive Origins: The Enlightenment in the Modern Caribbean Historical Imagination, by Paul B. Miller (reviewed by Kerstin Oloff) Caribbean Perspectives on Modernity: Returning Medusa’s Gaze, by Maria Cristina Fumagalli (reviewed by Maureen Shay) Who Abolished Slavery: Slave Revolts and Abolitionism: A Debate with João Pedro Marques, edited by Seymour Drescher &amp; Pieter C. Emmer, and Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic, edited by Derek R . Peterson (reviewed by Claudius Fergus) The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery, by Gustav Ungerer (reviewed by James Walvin) Children in Slavery through the Ages, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers &amp; Joseph C. Miller (reviewed by Indrani Chatterjee) The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates, by Peter T. Leeson (reviewed by Kris Lane) Theorizing a Colonial Caribbean-Atlantic Imaginary: Sugar and Obeah, by Keith Sandiford (reviewed by Elaine Savory) Created in the West Indies: Caribbean Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul, edited by Jennifer Rahim &amp; Barbara Lalla (reviewed by Supriya M. Nair) Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature, by Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley (reviewed by Lyndon K. Gill) Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon, by Kaiama L. Glover (reviewed by Asselin Charles) Divergent Dictions: Contemporary Dominican Literature, by Néstor E. Rodríguez (reviewed by Dawn F. Stinchcomb) The Caribbean Short Story: Critical Perspectives, edited by Lucy Evans, Mark McWatt &amp; Emma Smith (reviewed by Leah Rosenberg) Society of the Dead: Quita Manaquita and Palo Praise in Cuba, by Todd Ramón Ochoa (reviewed by Brian Brazeal) El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader, by Araceli Tinajero (reviewed by Juan José Baldrich) Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class, and State Formation in Cuba, 1868-1959, by Gillian McGillivray (reviewed by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio) The Purposes of Paradise: U.S. Tourism and Empire in Cuba and Hawai’i, by Christine Skwiot (reviewed by Amalia L. Cabezas) A History of the Cuban Revolution, by Aviva Chomsky (reviewed by Michelle Chase) The Cubalogues: Beat Writers in Revolutionary Havana, by Todd F. Tietchen (reviewed by Stephen Fay) The Devil in the Details: Cuban Antislavery Narrative in the Postmodern Age, by Claudette M. Williams (reviewed by Gera Burton) Screening Cuba: Film Criticism as Political Performance during the Cold War, by Hector Amaya (reviewed by Ann Marie Stock) Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective, by Lana Wylie (reviewed by Julia Sagebien) Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World of Empire and Jim Crow, by Frank Andre Guridy (reviewed by Susan Greenbaum) The Irish in the Atlantic World, edited by David T. Gleeson (reviewed by Donald Harman Akenson) The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Walton Look Lai &amp; Tan Chee-Beng (reviewed by John Kuo Wei Tchen) The Island of One People: An Account of the History of the Jews of Jamaica, by Marilyn Delevante &amp; Anthony Alberga (reviewed by Barry Stiefel) Creole Jews: Negotiating Community in Colonial Suriname, by Wieke Vink (reviewed by Aviva Ben-Ur) Only West Indians: Creole Nationalism in the British West Indies, by F.S.J. Ledgister (reviewed by Jerome Teelucksingh) Cultural DNA: Gender at the Root of Everyday Life in Rural Jamaica, by Diana J. Fox (reviewed by Jean Besson) Women in Grenadian History, 1783-1983, by Nicole Laurine Phillip (reviewed by Bernard Moitt) British-Controlled Trinidad and Venezuela: A History of Economic Interests and Subversions, 1830-1962, by Kelvin Singh (reviewed by Stephen G. Rabe) Export/Import Trends and Economic Development in Trinidad, 1919-1939, by Doddridge H.N. Alleyne (reviewed by Rita Pemberton) Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal, by Colin Clarke &amp; Gillian Clarke (reviewed by Patricia van Leeuwaarde Moonsammy) Poverty in Haiti: Essays on Underdevelopment and Post Disaster Prospects, by Mats Lundahl (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) From Douglass to Duvalier: U.S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870-1964, by Millery Polyné (reviewed by Brenda Gayle Plummer) Haiti Rising: Haitian History, Culture and the Earthquake of 2010, edited by Martin Munro (reviewed by Jonna Knappenberger) Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora, by Margarita A. Mooney (reviewed by Rose-Marie Chierici) This Spot of Ground: Spiritual Baptists in Toronto, by Carol B. Duncan (reviewed by James Houk) Interroger les morts: Essai sur le dynamique politique des Noirs marrons ndjuka du Surinam et de la Guyane, by Jean-Yves Parris (reviewed by H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen &amp; W. van Wetering)

All at Sea: Romanticism in Géricault's Raft of the Medusa

All at Sea: Romanticism in Géricault's Raft of the Medusa

In vitro antioxidant activities of jelly fish Chrysaora quinquecirrha venom from southeast coast of India

ObjectiveTo extract the venom from Chrysaora quinquecirrha (C. quinquecirrha) and tested for antioxidant potential of both crude and fractions. MethodsThese venom proteins were purified through DEAE- cellulose column chromatography. The protein content from crude and fractionated samples (Frc 1 to Frc 3) showed 398, 180, 203 and 286 μg/mL respectively. The molecular weight of purified protein were determined by SDS- PAGE and we found five distinct bands with molecular weight of 20, 35, 45, 70, 74 and 100 kDa in the crude 70 and 100 kDa in Frc-1, 21 and 68 kDa in Frc-2 and 14, 65 and 104 kDa in Frc-3. The in vitro antioxidant activity of crude and purified samples were evaluated in different assay systems Viz. radical scavenging activity by DPPH reaction, Superoxide radical scavenging activity in PMS/NADH-NBT system, hydroxyl radical by Fe3+-Ascorbate- EDTA, H2O2 system and Nitric oxide (NO) activity in sodium nitroprusside/Greiss Reagent system. ResultsFre-3 displayed the maximal antioxidant activity from all the assay system tested. Inhibitory activities in DPPH radicals 15%-92% Superoxide radicals 21%-96% hydroxyl radicals 30%-95% and Nitric oxide activity also showed significant activities. ConclusionsThese results indicate that the jelly fish C. quinquecirrha venom have remarkable antioxidant activities. Further studies will fulfill for purification and structural elucidation.

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Rise of the Jellyfishes

Rise of the Jellyfishes

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Dancing With Medusa, A Life in Psychiatry: A Memoir

Dancing With Medusa, A Life in Psychiatry: A Memoir

Analysis of allergens withallergic rhinitis in Rizhao

：Objective To find outcommon allergens in Rizhao by investigating the allergens in patients with allergicrhinitis.Method The allergens in 686 patients with allergic rhinitis in Rizhao weredetected by skin prick test.Results 509 of 686(74.20%)cases presented positive reaction,inwhich,the positive rate was 70.99%in inhalation group and 30.61%in food group,the mostcommon inhalation allergen was pteronyssinus,then was dermatophagoidesfarinae,cockroaches;The most common food allergen was the jellyfish,then waspeaches,peanuts.Conclusion The inhaled allergens were the main risk factors for allergicrhinitis,in which,mites was the most common allergens.

Hawaii is Paradise for Children Too

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Information About HawaiiFull AccessHawaii is Paradise for Children TooMark MoranMark MoranSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:18 Feb 2011https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.46.4.psychnews_46_4_45AbstractSand, sun, and surf. If you're coming to Honolulu with children, you may be thinking—what else do you need? But Honolulu's got a lot for kids who get tired of the beach. Here are a few attractions: • Honolulu Zoo: Located between the slopes of Diamond Head and Waikiki, this small urban zoo with over 200 species of birds, mammals, and reptiles is within walking distance from most places in Waikiki. Coolers and outside food are welcome on zoo grounds. (But the zoo appreciates your attention to disposing all trash in receptacles, including fast-food beverage container lids and straws that may pose a danger to the animals if blown into their exhibits.) The Honolulu Zoo is within walking distance of many places APA members will be staying at this year's annual meetiing and is a good getaway for kids who tire of the beach.Credit: Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA)/Tor Johnson• Hawaii Children's Discovery Center: This kid's museum features four permanent exhibits, in addition to a special area for toddlers. The three levels of the Discovery Center house 38,000 square feet of high-tech, interactive exhibits, divided among four major themed "galleries": "Fantastic You," a child's introduction to the human body; "Your Town," describing how a community works and the functions that different people—a banker, a mechanic, a policeman—play; "Hawaiian Rainbows," all about Hawaii from plantation to modern days; and "Your Rainbow World," illlustrating the diverse cultures outside Hawaii. • Waikiki Aquarium: Located next to a living coral reef, the award-winning Waikiki Aquarium brings guests face-to-fin with colorful tropical fish, reef sharks, living corals, endangered Hawaiian monk seals, sea jellies, squid, octopuses, and more. Exhibits, programs, and research focus on the aquatic life of Hawaii and the tropical Pacific. Over 3,500 marine animals represent more than 500 species of aquatic animals and plants. Every year, 320,000 people, including 25,000 students, visit the Waikiki Aquarium. It has been designated as the Coastal Ecosystem Learning Center for the Pacific Island Region of the Coastal America Partnership. • Diamond Head State Monument: For families with older children prepared for some exercise, be sure to visit Diamond Head State Monument and make the 1.4 mile hike up to the peak. The view from the top is one you won't forget. But this is strictly for the more athletic kids and adults: some parts of the way up are more arduous than others—there are two tunnels and one section that requires climbing 99 steps (the steps are concrete, not dirt). And it can be hot, so wear a hat and bring sunscreen and water. But there are handrails all along the trail as well as benches for resting. • Polynesian Cultural Center: For something a little more extensive (and expensive), visit the Polynesian Cultural Center. It features the people and islands of Hawaii, Samoa, Aotearoa (Maori New Zealand), Fiji, the Marquesas, Tahiti, and Tonga; a Rapa Nui exhibit; and an 1850s-era Christian mission complex, all in a beautiful 42-acre setting that has been one of Hawaii's top paid-admission visitor attractions since 1977. FootnotesMORE INFORMATIONHonolulu Zoo 151 Kapahulu Avenue, Honolulu (808) 926-3191www.honoluluzoo.orgHawaii Children's Discovery Center 111 Ohe Street, Honolulu (808) 524-KIDS; (808) 524-5437http://discoverycenterhawaii.org/default.htmlWaikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu (808) 923-9741www.waquarium.org/index.htmlDiamond Head State Monument Off Diamond Head Road Between Makapu'u Avenue and 18th Avenue, Honolulu (808) 587-0300www.hawaiistateparks.org/parks/oahu/index.cfm?park_id=15Polynesian Cultural Center 55-370 Kamehameha Highway, Laie (800) 367-7060www.polynesia.com ISSUES NewArchived

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

On the occurrence of the jelly-fish ephyla in Tanjoura Bay, Fukui Pref

On the occurrence of the jelly-fish ephyla in Tanjoura Bay, Fukui Pref

DVD Reviews

DVD Reviews

Combining mitochondrial and nuclear evidences: a refined evolutionary history ofErebia medusa(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Central Europe based on the COI gene

We aim to infer a combined scenario for the evolution of the Woodland Ringlet, Erebia medusa, in Central Europe based on analyses of part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase subunit I (COI) and a published allozyme data set. We sequenced 529 bp of COI for 158 butterflies from 32 populations from almost the entire western distribution range of the species. We applied population genetic [spatial analysis of molecular variance (samova)] and phylogeographical analyses as well as coalescence simulation to test if the published allozyme scenario supports or contradicts the observed haplotype distribution. We recorded 16 haplotypes of which four represent a total of 82%. samova grouped the 32 populations into four geographically coherent groups: (1) western Central Europe, (2) Central Europe, (3) eastern Central Europe and (iv) western Pannonia. Mismatch distribution analyses and haplotype networks are in coincidence with constant population growth and reveal a relatively shallow phylogeographical structure. We evaluated the level of discordance between population histories and gene trees using Slatkins s and the deep coalescence statistics based on our mtDNA data. These estimators decline the previously published allozyme scenario of survival in different extra-Mediterranean refugia in Europe with an onset of differentiation at the beginning of the last ice age some 70 000 years ago. However, it supports a refined scenario if we assume an onset of vicariance driven differentiation in these refugia after the end of the middle Wurm interstadials some 30 000 years ago. Therefore, the general evolutionary history of this species in Europe apparently is very recent. Most probably, areas adjoining the high mountain regions as Alps and northern Carpathians were of great importance for the late Wurm glacial survival of species like Erebia medusa. Zusammenfassung Wir streben die Erstellung eines kombinierten Evolutionsszenarios fur den Rundaugen-Mohrenfalter Erebia medusa in Mitteleuropa basierend auf der Analyse eines Teils der mitochondriellen Cytochromoxidase-Einheit I (COI) und publizierten Allozymdaten an. Hierfur sequenzierten wir 529 bp der COI fur 158 Schmetterlingsindividuen aus 32 Populationen uber das gesamte westliche Verbreitungsgebiet der Art. Wir nutzten populationsgenetische (samova) und phylogeographische Analysen sowie Koaleszenzsimulationen, um zu testen, ob das publizierte Allozymszenario durch die beobachtete Haplotypenverbreitung bestatigt oder abgelehnt wird. Wir wiesen 16 Haplotypen nach, von denen vier einen Gesamtanteil von 82% besasen. samova gruppierte die 32 Populationen in vier geographisch koharente Gruppen: (1) westliches Mitteleuropa, (2) Mitteleuropa, (3) ostliches Mitteleuropa und (4) westliches Pannonicum. Mismatch distribution Analysen und Haplotypennetzwerke stimmen mit der Annahme von konstantem Populationswachstum uberein und deuten auf eine relative flache phylogeographische Struktur hin. Wir bewerteten das Niveau von Diskordanzen zwischen den moglichen Geschichten der Populationen und Genbaumen, wobei wir Slatkins s und die deep coalescence Statistik basierend auf unseren mtDNA Daten nutzen. Diese Schatzer widersprechen dem zuvor publizierten Allozymszenario, welches Uberdauerung des gesamten letzten Glazials in verschiedenen extra-mediterranen Refugien in Europa mit einem Differenzierungsbeginn zu Beginn des letzten Glazials vor etwa 70 000 Jahren forderte. Die mtDNA Daten unterstutzen jedoch ein modifiziertes Szenario, bei dem der durch Vikarianz hervorgerufene Differenzierungsbeginn in diesen Refugien nach Ende der Interstadiale des Mittelwurms vor 30 000 Jahren einsetzte. Folglich erscheint die generelle evolutionare Geschichte dieser Art in Europa sehr rezent. Hochstwahrscheinlich waren somit die Regionen, welche an die Alpen und die Nordkarpaten angrenzen, von groster Bedeutung fur das spatglaziale Uberdauern einer Art wie Erebia medusa.

Hellenic and Scientific Influences in P B Shelley's ‘Medusa’

Hellenic and Scientific Influences in P B Shelley's ‘Medusa’

Last Thoughts on the Medusa

Last Thoughts on the Medusa

In situ observations of Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora in the coastal surface waters of the Northern Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.

In situ observations of Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora in the coastal surface waters of the Northern Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.