True Concept Research Articles

Malay Undergraduates’ Knowledge about the Kalima Shahadat

The testimony of shahadat is a basic fundamental requirement which is a mandatory for the Muslims. Thus, it is a requisite for the Muslims to clearly understand and appreciate the concept of shahadat in order to keep them away from falling into the pit of shirk. Previous studies have shown that the level of knowledge and appreciation on the concept of shahadat among the public is still at an unsatisfactory level. In fact, similar phenomenon appears to happen among the undergraduates. Hence, an assessment of the undergraduates’ precise level of knowledge on the concept of shahadat needs to be carried out in order to obtain empirical results. In this study, a total of 110 undergraduates had participated in answering the questionnaire regarding the concept of shahadat. Data obtained were then run through the SPSS Statistics for statistical analysis. The findings show that the respondents’ level of knowledge is generally low, although their level of interest on the knowledge of divinity is high. Hence, the researchers suggest that the authorities provide a module regarding the concept of shahadat as an effort in making the undergraduates understand the true concept of shahadat, so that their aqidah is preserved with plausible knowledge, instead of mere follow without genuine understanding of the requirement of the kalima shahadat.

The Implications of Petroleum Conflict in the Context of the Federal Government and the Kelantan State Government Relations

Malaysia is one of those countries that rely on petroleum-based revenues as one of its main sources of national income. The majority of its oil fields are found in the coasts of Kelantan, Terengganu, Sabah and Sarawak. Upon the discovery of these, Malaysia had incorporated a national petroleum company named “Petronas” on 17th August 1974 to manage all related matters to exploration and exploitation of petroleum in the country. Subsequently, on 1st October 1974, the Parliament had passed Petroleum Development Act 1974 that, inter alia, gives the power and right for exploration and exploitation of petroleum to Petronas and to pay 5% of oil royalty to the petroleum-producing states. However, due to ideological differences between the federal government and the state government of Kelantan, this lucrative natural source has found itself at the center of conflict between the two. The study analyzes the implication of such a petroleum-based conflict against the federal-state relations within a context of a democratic Malaysia. In order to so, as far as oil royalty payment arrangement is concerned, the concept of federalism was applied as a tool of analysis to evaluate the extent of the effectiveness of the relations between the federal government and the state government of Kelantan. Pursuant to that, the discussion of this study revolves around qualitative data approach based on documents related to the oil royalty agreement between the federal government and state government of Kelantan. The analysis has indicated that Malaysia, as a federalist country, has failed to put into practice the true concept of federalism. One of the major reasons behind this was conflicting political interests. The impacts of such could be seen from the distinctive way the federal government treated the state governments, in this case Kelantan, whose state government was formed by the opposition political party. The Malaysian federal government's extensive power and the different constitutional interpretation also contributes to the conflict especially in the context of the federal legislative policies that often being perceived as discriminating against the state government.

Cognitive Load Theory: Why It’s Important for International Business Teaching and Financial Reporting

ABSTRACTCognitive load theory (CLT) has rarely been applied in the area of financial accounting. This research demonstrates that by using CLT, financial accounting and reporting can benefit in the areas of teaching and decision making. The CLT indicates that by reducing the load of complex concepts in the working memory, a more efficient result is obtained from the expected output. A real example on International Accounting Standard (IAS) 40 on Investment Properties (IP) is used to analyze the assimilation of the true and fair view concept. This standard permits the use of either the fair value or cost value model. Additionally, the study examines whether financial presentation formats are relevant for understanding financial information. The main results show that adequate financial presentation formats reduce extraneous load, and where presentation formats cannot be changed, results can be improved by decreasing cognitive load through dedicating more time to teaching the more complex option. This research aims to aid international business education by recommending these findings to standard setters and improving education material.

Leonardo’s Dragons—The “Rider Fighting a Dragon” Sketch as an Allegory of Leonardo’s Concept of Knowledge

It has long been known that Leonardo da Vinci’s sketches showing a rider in combat with a dragon do not portray St. George. Viewing these sketches in connection with several of Leonardo’s writings, this essay suggests that they are allegories that should be interpreted on several levels. On the basic level, these combat scenes represent the battle of contraries, based on the symbolism common to Leonardo’s period where a combat between an equestrian and a dragon represented the clash of light versus darkness, life versus death, good versus evil, etc. However, I argue that they also comment on the scientific and philosophical issues that occupied Leonardo, including action versus reaction and the true concept of knowledge as opposed to falsehood and sophistry. This essay interprets these sketches as offering an insight into Leonardo’s analogical approach, which connects common symbolism to his personal perspective on science and philosophy, and thus points to a new way of looking at Leonardo’s drawings and paintings and decodes new aspects of Leonardo’s personal symbolism.

Unitization of Petroleum Fields in the Barents Sea: Towards a Common Understanding?

The expected discovery of petroleum fields that cross the new boundary between Russia and Norway in the Barents Sea could mean that both parties will lay claim to the same subsoil resources. The Treaty on Maritime Delimitation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean (Barents Treaty) prescribes that such fields should be developed as one unit, governed by a unitization agreement between the two governments and a joint operating agreement between license holders on the respective sides of the border. Norway has more than 40 years’ experience from the unitization of cross-border fields in the North Sea with the United Kingdom. Russia's experience with cross-boundary petroleum field development is limited to Kazakhstan in the Caspian Sea and onshore, where bilateral resource management has been governed by other principles and institutions. While the Barents Treaty text clearly reflects the Norwegian way of managing offshore fields, it does not preclude the Russian way of doing so. We find reason to believe that both parties will enter negotiations over a cross-boundary field in the Barents Sea believing their understanding reflects the true concept of unitization. Despite objective differences between Norwegian and Russian legislation and practice, there is evidence that the two nations have more in common than not in their underlying principles. Discussions are likely to arise regarding the practicalities of implementing field unitization, and arriving at a common understanding will probably require some time.

Al-Quran ontology based on knowledge themes

Islamic knowledge is gathered through the understanding the Al-Quran. It requires ontology which can capture the knowledge and present it in a machine readable structured. However, current ontology approaches is irrelevant and inaccuracy in producing true concepts of Al-Quran knowledge, because it used traditional methods that only define the concepts of knowledge without connecting to a related theme of knowledge. The themes of knowledge are important to provide true meaning and explanation of Al-Quran knowledge classification. The main aims of this paper are to demonstrate the development of ontology Al-Quran and method used for searching the Al-Quran knowledge using the semantic search approach. Expert review has been applied to validate the ontology model and evaluate the relevance and precision of searching results. Keywords: Al-Quran ontology; knowledge retrieval; knowledge representation; semantic web; RDF/OWL

A qualitative study exploring perceptions of policymakers about community pharmacy practice and extended pharmacy services in Lahore, Pakistan

Evidence-based policymaking is critical for improving the standards of pharmacy practice. Within this context, this study aimed to explore the perception of health policymakers (PMs) about the standards of community pharmacy practice in Lahore, Pakistan. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth knowledge of PMs about the community pharmacy practice and extended pharmacy services (EPS) in Lahore. Government officials belonging to the Drug Authority of Pakistan and involved in regulation and policymaking were targeted for the study. Seven respondents were interviewed through a validated semi-structured interview guide. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and were then analysed for thematic content analysis. Thematic content analysis yielded four major themes: (1) Lack of law enforcement; (2) Support for EPS; (3) Need for the change in the pharmacy system; (4) Barriers towards practice change. Although PMs encouraged the implementation of EPS, their understanding of the true concept of EPS was questionable. Several barriers towards practice change were identified by the PMs. Pharmacists' active involvement in community practice, enforcement of legislation and revisiting pharmacy curriculum could lay the foundations for the standardisation of community pharmacy practice in Lahore, Pakistan.

Building Managers' Views on Accessibility and UD Implementation in Public Buildings: Putrajaya

This paper discusses the interview data collection of an on-going research on accessibility of public buildings in Putrajaya. Main issues include the public awareness of PWD rights and the true concepts of Universal Design (UD). Main purposes are to investigate the building managers' level of awareness and perception regarding the accessibility of their buildings and to study their knowledge on UD theory. Semi-structured interview was carried out with building managers from three public buildings in Putrajaya. Findings show that UD knowledge needs to be enhanced among building managers in order to increase awareness on inclusive environment in public buildings.

Память и нарратив в романе К. Исигуро «Остаток дня»

Russian literary critics usually regard Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day as a kind of travelogue telling about the phenomenon of ‘Englishness’ and English restraint. Some even mention the influence of Japanese mentality and Japanese philosophy on the image of the protagonist – Stevens, a butler. Based on the writer's own statements, the article shows that his objective was not to depict the everyday life of a typical English butler in the middle of the last century. On the contrary, Ishiguro tried to reveal two problems, vital and relevant in his view: the political and the psychological ones. The purpose of this article is to show on the material of the novel how memory and narrative intersect in the organization and comprehension of life experience, formalizing it into a verbal story of the protagonist. The category of narrative allows one to go deeper in revealing the process of semantic formation at the level of plot construction. Narrative gives a status of the event to the contents; moreover, there are two events: the event which is narrated and the event of the story itself. It is shown that one of the characteristic features of the art of narratology in Ishiguro’s works is the plot event, the movement of the character across the border of the semantic field. The basis of the plot is a clash of misconception of a man and the universe with the true conception. The life and fate of Stevens, his understanding of the dignity of a person turned out to be imaginary and false, and the character can be related to Heidegger’s Das Man, as he chooses unreal existence, mindlessly adapting to the established order and samples.

Analysis and Apocalypse of Japanese Style Creation Aesthetics

Japanese style design has a good reputation in the world design community. Its elegant details, metaphorical techniques, quiet and tranquil aesthetic style, and the simplest form of the natural true design concept are praised by the world. The analysis of its aesthetic characteristics can be of great inspiration to the reference and modern construction of Chinese product aesthetics.

An investigation of whether fantasy books, compared to same topic nonfiction, promote second graders' creativity

ABSTRACTNarrowing of the curriculum because of standardised testing has caused creativity to be neglected in many schools; integration into reading instruction may provide a solution. This repeated measures study incorporated figural transformation drawings after a read-aloud of a book highlighting nutrition information as a way to both review book comprehension and integrate creativity. Nineteen second graders, aged 7–9 years from Iowa, USA, participated in 16 weekly trials, alternating between a nonfiction nutrition book and a fantasy book presenting true nutrition concepts. Results showed significantly greater creativity generally and in specific creative skill areas under the fantasy condition.

Evaluating the Implementation of ‘Islamic Built Environment’ in the Context of Landscape Components in Public Open Spaces in Malaysia

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of ‘Islamic built environment’ (IBE) concept in public open spaces in Malaysia. Granting the development of IBE must be the basis in every concept of national development in Malaysia. Thus, this research believes that the adaptation of true Islamic concept is the very crucial in public open spaces that belong to the Malaysian community and for public use, besides being the focus of attraction and tourism assets. This research was conducted based on literatures on framework of indicators of truly Islamic environment. The evaluation was prepared through observation on ten indicators, namely (1) Tolerance, (2) Natural Environment, (3) Social Need and Human Comfort, (4) Religious Identity, (5) Order, (6) Economic, (7) Intellectual and Knowledge, (8) Hygiene, (9) Jannah, and (10) Safety in the selected open public spaces in Malaysia. This research employed a descriptive and survey-based research design rooted in quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. The procedure of research methodology is a combination of reviewing literature, data collection, and data analysis to determine the research finding. For data gathering, this research carried out a site survey for on-site observation confined to the context of landscape components in public open spaces. The findings of this research can benefit and guide Malaysian administrators and professionals in built environment industries to generate a better and more appropriate process of implementing an IBE in Muslim countries, particularly with regard to public open spaces.

Substance and force: or why it matters what we think

ABSTRACTLeibniz believed the ‘true concept of substance’ is found in ‘the concept of forces or powers’. Accordingly, he conceived monadic substances as metaphysically primitive forces whose modifications manifest both as monads’ appetitions and perceptions and as derivative forces in monads’ organic bodies. Relationships between substances, and in particular the ethical relationships that hold between rational substances, are also foregrounded by Leibniz’s concept of substances as forces. In section one, we discuss the derivative forces of bodies. In section two, we consider monads’ perceptions and appetitions. Section three attends to ethical aspects of Leibniz’s account, focusing in particular on souls’ representative natures and the correspondence that obtains between perceptions in one and perceptions in all others. In section four, however, I argue that Leibniz’s commitment to the doctrine of the conservation of force makes it impossible for any one substance to pursue its own advantage by increasing its active force without there being a correlative disadvantageous decrease in the active force of substances elsewhere in the universe. While the reconciliatory proposals offered do not entirely remove the tension between Leibniz’s ethics and his physics, they do soften its severity and allow it to be regarded in a more positive light.

Креативный учет в контексте концепции достоверного и добросовестного взгляда: Pro et contra

Креативный учет в контексте концепции достоверного и добросовестного взгляда: Pro et contra

Halal Compliance Decisions by Food Suppliers Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

The halal food chain is one of the leading industries that is aggressively adapting to newly emerging consumer interests like food safety, animal welfare and convenience in cooking and eating. Past studies, on tracking movement of imported food products reveals a critical level of non-compliance among halal logistics operators. In extension, this paper aims to review and identify criteria of behavior among halal food suppliers. The study used Analytic Hierarchy Process to provide insights on criteria and sub-criteria that influence food suppliers’ decisions on integrating and complying to halal standard. Exclusive interviews with 12 food suppliers were conducted. This study discovers that suppliers give priority to knowledge on halal, followed by practice, activity and resource. The study proposed that there is a critical need for JAKIM and JAIN, or any halal certification authority in any part of the world, to increase awareness on various issues related to halal standard, halal certification and halal regulation to encourage food suppliers to comply to all requirements in total. Further, it is also knowledge that will increase their integrity to provide food that encapsulate the true concept of Halalan Toyyiban.

Dialog Antara Agama Menurut Perspektif Islam (An Islamic Perspective on Interfaith Dialogue)

The existence of a pluralistic society, particularly in terms of race, religion and culture requires a platform in the community. In this case, interreligious dialogue is seen as an effective platform to build mutual understanding and tolerance among society. However, the practice of dialogue in society ironically based on a wrong understanding of interreligious dialogue, which is part of the religious pluralism method from West, and some regard it as a debate. Consequently, the phenomenon raises negative perceptions and understanding among the public about the true concept of interfaith dialogue. Therefore, this article discusses the concept of interreligious dialogue in the Islamic arena. The research design is qualitative using library research. The results show that Islam outlines three concepts of interreligious dialogue, the debate; da‘wah and building mutual understanding and good relations between religions. Here in particular the importance of interfaith dialogue among the players to understand the concept of interreligious dialogue to ensure the implementation of the dialogue takes place within the actual concept.

Say's involvement in the 1819 French edition of Ricardo's Principles and the issue of rent

This paper focuses on Say's contribution to the first French edition of Ricardo's Principles and on the analytical consequences of his involvement on the issue of rent. Part one investigates the “story” of this edition. It stresses Say's friendship with the translator, his involvement in this publication and his attitude toward Ricardo. Part two analyses how elements from Say's thought were introduced into Ricardo's theory of rent through this edition. These elements conveyed ideas which were definitely at odds with Ricardo's theory and misrepresented Ricardo's true concept of differential rent which was central to his theory.

III—Contractarianism as a Political Morality

Contractarianism initially made its mark, in the seventeenth century, as a sort of theory of everything in ethics. But gradually philosophers became convinced that there were resources available outside contractarianism for settling important moral questions—for instance, ideas of human rights and the moral equality of persons. Then Rawls revived contractarianism with a more modest aim—namely, as a theory of justice. But even this agenda for contractarianism has been called into question, most notably by G.A. Cohen, who contends that we have other tools at our disposal for identifying the true conception of justice. So the question remains: how should contractarianism be construed if it is to provide answers to questions that cannot be answered in some other way? In my essay I offer a very simple answer: contractarianism should be construed as a political morality. I arrive at this answer by starting with contractarianism as a theory of everything and paring away the unappealing layers of contractarianism so understood. I begin by describing what contractarianism is. Then I dispense with contractarianism as a theory of state legitimacy, as a theory of interpersonal morality, and as a theory of justice. Finally, I distinguish political morality from the other already-mentioned areas of morality, and argue that contractarianism is a sensible theory of its grounds.

DİN EĞİTİMİ AÇISINDAN ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİNDE DUA KAVRAMININ ÖNEMİ

Being the most important connection between Allah and the human, prayer has always been included in the lives of people as an indicator of belief. Positive effects of prayer on individuals in both theoretical and experimental terms have been shown in various studies. The prayer can be a real communication way between human and Allah and can provide moral and material support if a true concept of prayer is thought since childhood when the foundations of the religious live is established. Acknowledging the attitudes of children toward prayer, the progress of prayer development per ages and embracing the features of children prayers ensures a healthier prayer education. Within the frame of findings from various studies it is seen that the concept of prayer which is to be developed with the correct attitudes of the family and religious educators will contribute to the religious development by providing a communication between Allah and the child and also support the spiritual development of the childhood which is full of fears. Therefore it is important for children to have a good knowledge of prayer appropriate to their development stages. In this context, a) The nature of prayer and its impacts of individuals, b) Features of prayers in childhood period and c) Points to consider in prayer education are discussed in this article.

Los problemas del concepto de “idealismo trascendental” en el Sistema del idealismo trascendental de F.W.J. Schelling

In this paper I will investigate the concept of “transcendental idealism” in the System of Transcendental Idealism (1800). My aim is to outline the difficulties surrounding the concept. This paper argues that there is a marked tension between the different senses of the expression “transcendental idealism” and that in order to solve this tension Schelling tends to relativize the role of idealism in his system. In furtherance of this, I read this work of Schelling in the context of other texts, in particular, On the True Concept of the Philosophy of Nature and the Presentation of My System of Philosophy, both of 1801.