Tropical Butterfly Research Articles

On the Seasonal Migrations of Dione Vanillæ in Kansas.

Dione vanillae is a common butterfly in South and Central America, in Mexico, and in the southern part of the United States, from southern Virginia southward to Arizona and California.[1][1] Scudder[2][2] reported it as rare north of the 35th parallel, but I have collected hundreds of specimens in Kansas, and in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas. A few strays have been taken in West Virginia,[3][3] New Jersey and Pennsylvania,[4][4] but Vanillae is really a tropical butterfly. In the central states the northern limit of its usual range falls somewhere in central or northern Kansas; it is fairly common in the southern portion of the state, but is rarely taken more than 150 miles north of the Oklahoma border. [1]: #fn-1 [2]: #fn-2 [3]: #fn-3 [4]: #fn-4

IX. The study of mimicry (Batesian and Müllerian) by temperature experiments on two Tropical butterflies.

IX. <i>The study of mimicry (Batesian and Müllerian) by temperature experiments on two</i> Tropical butterflies.

Early Stages of Tropical Butterflies

Early Stages of Tropical Butterflies

NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR BREEDING THEM FROM THE EGG

The eggs of butterflies are very interesting objects. As a rule, those of each natural genus (I speak of the North American fauna, for I know nothing of the eggs of tropical butterflies), are closely alike, as in Pieris, Anthocharis, Colias, Terias, Callidryas; and so, while each genus has peculiarities of its own, there is a family resemblance between these genera (of the sub-family Pierinæ). They are all of one general shape, long, slender, sub-conic, or spindle-shaped, set on end, but differently ribbed according to the genus. So the eggs of Danais and Heliconia and Agraulis each have their own pattern. A11 Argynnis eggs, whether of the large or small species (Groups 1 and 2), are thimble-shaped. On the other hand, Euptoieta, by its egg, is allied to Argynnis, while by the chrysalis, it is allied to Melitæa. It links the two genera, and in my Catalogue of Di. Lep., I place it between these two, instead of before Argynnis, as has usually been the arrangement. So Melitæa, Phyciodes, Limenitis, Apatura, Paphia, Satyrus, Neonympha, Chionobas, may all be distinguished as readily by the eggs as by the butterflies. Lycæna, Lemonias, Thecla, Chrysophanus, so far as I know them, all show generic peculiarities in the egg stage. So does Papilio, though some of the species, as Philenor and Cresphontes, have the surface covered with a rough crust, the usual type being smooth-surfaced.