Trivial Objects Research Articles

Abelian model structures on comma categories

UDC 512.64 Let A and B be bicomplete Abelian categories, which both have enough projectives and injectives and let T : A → B be a right exact functor. Under some mild conditions, we show that hereditary Abelian model structures on A and B can be amalgamated into a global hereditary Abelian model structure on the comma category ( T ↓ B ) . As an application of this result, we give an explicit description of a subcategory that consists of all trivial objects of the Gorenstein flat model structure on the category of modules over a triangular matrix ring.

INCIDENCE OF OCULAR TRAUMA AMONG THE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN THE OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AYUB TEACHING HOSPITAL

Background: Ocular trauma is leading cause of mono or binocular vision deterioration. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of ocular trauma in patients in our set-up. Methods: A retrospective observational study was done from Nov 2021 to Jan 2022 on all admitted patients for age, gender, occupation and activity at the time of injury, nature of injury, and traumatic agent. Data were classified into 5 groups on basis of trauma setting. Injuries were grouped in accordance with Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. Results: The total number of patients admitted to the Ophthalmology Department was 458. Out of these, 61 (13.31%) patients were admitted with Ocular trauma. Ocular trauma was highest in age group of 1–20 years (59%), followed by age group 21–40 years (31.1%). Ocular trauma was very frequent (39.34%) in 1st decade of life. Males were most affected (80.3%). The most common setting for ocular injuries was sports/playtime (44.26%) followed by work-related injuries (27.86%) and household/indoor injuries (16.39%). Blunt objects accounted for most trauma (50.81%) followed by sharp objects (45.9%). Wood (39.34%) was the most common traumatic agent followed by stone (24.59%). Cornea (43.47%) was the most frequently damaged tissue followed by eyelids (41.30%). Conclusion: Ocular trauma was highest during sports/playtime, especially in the first decade of life. There is a need for parents’ education regarding the risk of ocular trauma with trivial objects such as toys and utensils and the impact of ocular trauma on vision. Pak J Physiol 2023;19(4):29–31

Prekernels of topologically axiomatized subcategories of concrete categories

In the present work we introduce the notion of proper Moore-concrete subcategory of a given concrete category C over a base category X and show that it agrees with that of reflective modification of C. This allows us to associate with any object C of C an object in B that we call the B-closure of C, and with any morphism in C a unique morphism between the corresponding B-closures that we call the B-closure extension.Next, we provide some general properties of proper Moore-concrete subcategories which will be useful to deeply investigate prekernels, precokernels and pretorsion theories in proper Moore-concrete subcategories with respect to some given class of trivial objects. More in detail, we analyze some different conditions to be put on short sequences of morphisms or on short pre-exact sequences in C in order to get informations on the corresponding B-closure extensions and on the B-closure of the various terms of the associated short sequences of B-closure extensions in B. Furthermore, we induce pretorsion theories on proper Moore-concrete subcategories starting from pretorsion theories on the ambient category C and, more in general, we study the interrelations between pretorsion theories on C and proper Moore-concrete subcategories.Finally, we provide a characterization of trivial morphisms and of prekernels of a functor-structured category when we choose Z to be the class of all projective objects. Next, restricting our attention to set-functor structured categories, we obtain a stable pointed category B/R (and a corresponding subcategory (B/R)⁎ as a quotient of B with respect to a suitable congruence relation R on the hom-sets and use the associated quotient functor to induce a correspondence between prekernels in the subcategory B⁎ without the objects with empty ground set and kernels in (B/R)⁎, and between precokernels in B⁎ and weak cokernels in (B/R)⁎.

Note on strong product graph dimension

In this paper we define a new dimension of graphs based on the strong product. Strong product can be viewed as a categorical product in a modified category. Unlike in the standard case where the system of basic generators (“simplest objects”) is very transparent but necessarily infinite, we have here a single generator. Using just a single generator would lead to increasing complexity value even for structurally very trivial objects just because of the size. Thus, for more satisfactory results, it is advisable to use a transparent infinite system. Such one is proposed and several estimates for the resulting dimension are proved.

Triviality and Seriousness in Oscar Wilde's Play 'The Importance of Being Earnest'

This paper aims to elaborate triviality and seriousness portrayed in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest (1898). The play was considered Wilde’s masterpiece, and it highlights the life in the Victorian era. The play portrays the marriage life also the importance of wealth, land, and beauty. This paper employs textual and historical approaches. The findings revealed that the play exemplifies triviality by treating serious things like trivial objects and vice versa. Marriage was seen as insignificant by the male characters in the play. Lane saw it as the reason for the champagne downgrading and a bargaining part for Algernon and Jack to have their goals. Meanwhile, unimportant thing like the name was treated as if it was life matter. Cecily and Gwendolen saw a particular name as the main requirement for choosing a husband. This paper concludes that Oscar Wilde made use of such a technique on purpose to make fun of the Victorian way of life.

MUSEUMFICATION OF EVERYDAY LIFE: EVERYDAY LIFE AS A SPACE OF MEMORY OF A BYGONE AGE

The article is dedicated to the artistic and philosophical reflection on the everyday life of the communist era in the novel «The Museum of Unconditional Surrender» («Muzej bezuvjetne predaje», 1996) by Dubravka Ugrešić.The main attention is paid to the museumfication of elements of everyday life of the former Eastern bloc countries (SFRY, USSR in particular), i.e. transformation of material traces of the communist past into museum exhibits.After the fall of communist regimes in the Eastern bloc countries, and the disappearance of some of these states from the world map, entire layers of garbage and material remnants, including utilitarian objects accompanying the bygone everyday life, have remained. As long as the communist era has gone, the traces of its everyday life have acquired new meanings, associated with memory and nostalgia. These meanings define a new hypostasis of everyday objects: their hypostasis as museum exhibits.A world-famous Croatian writer Dubravka Ugrešić witnessed the formation and the breakup of Yugoslavia. In the novel«The Museum of Unconditional Surrender», written during her voluntary exile in Berlin, she depicts the museumfication of communist everyday life, revealing its new, metaphysical sense.The artistic world of the novel is organized within the metaphor of museum, which is emblematic for the postmodern philosophical and aethetical paradigm. The main action takes place in Berlin. Being a shelter for countless refugees and emigrants form the former socialist states, this city is seen as a total museum. Its dwellers repeatedly refer to themselves as to «walking museum exhibits». Thus, not only things, but also people get museumficated as remnants of a bygone era.The Museum of the Unconditional Surrender of the German Armed Forces, which gave the title to the novel, stands as a symbol of repressive mechanisms of the collective memory, promoting the coherent ideological metanarrative of the official history. Dubravka Ugrešić is aimed to deconstruct the museum as an ideological body, depicting some alternative storages of memory in the novel.First, it is the so-called «home museum» – a private collection of disordered photos and everyday things from the past. Besides, there are Berlin landfills and flea markets where things and people from the disappeared countries are found together. These alternative «museums» accumulate the uncoherent, subjective, heterogenic memory of the past. Such memory opposes the coherent metanarrative of a classic public museum.Looking through the different aspects of collective memory materialized in everyday objects, the article analyzes the relation between garbage and cultural memory, trivial objects and art, as well as the writer’s conception of museum.

Trivial Objects from Taishō Japan in the Collection of Alma M. Karlin

Alma M. Karlin, a young woman adventurer who made her journey around the world between 1919 and 1927, stayed in Japan for a little more than a year. As a young woman without significant funds, she relied on her own ability to earn a living during her stay in the country. Among the items she brought back from Japan to Slovenia there are many small objects which are not typical “exotic objects from the Far East”. They are rather small and trivial items such as a wall calendar, a streetcar ticket, children’s miniature toys, a part of ceremonial wrappings, and paper bookmarks. This paper focuses on the small and untypical items Karlin brought back from Japan. Karlin’s travelogue and other writings, including her notes on the unused postcards, give us some information about her life in Japan. Together with her travelogue, notes and messages on the objects in her legacy, we can reconstruct some aspects of her everyday life in Japan. Though small and trivial, such items collected by Karlin reveal some important details of her experience in the central part of Tokyo in the Taishō period.

Theories of Creativity: The Significance of the Insignificant. A Graphic Novel

This graphic novel offers an insight into various theoretical approaches in creativity theory. In their search for approaches that provide the best possible explanation for how ideas come about, the main actors (scientists) of our story encounter a wide variety of allegories (in the form of superheroes) representing creativity theories on a fictitious distant planet. They end up in remote areas and finally encounter theories that, at first glance, cannot make a significant contribution to creativity. These theories are our contributions to the topics of incompleteness, temporal structuring, and trivial objects that we have developed in recent years as part of ethnographic research on creativity in music. The initial assumption that these theories have less explanatory value for the emergence of ideas turns out to be a fallacy in our story.

Skyrmion ratchet propagation: utilizing the skyrmion Hall effect in AC racetrack storage devices

Magnetic skyrmions are whirl-like nano-objects with topological protection. When driven by direct currents, skyrmions move but experience a transverse deflection. This so-called skyrmion Hall effect is often regarded a drawback for memory applications. Herein, we show that this unique effect can also be favorable for spintronic applications: We show that in a racetrack with a broken inversion symmetry, the skyrmion Hall effect allows to translate an alternating current into a directed motion along the track, like in a ratchet. We analyze several modes of the ratchet mechanism and show that it is unique for topological magnetic whirls. We elaborate on the fundamental differences compared to the motion of topologically trivial magnetic objects, as well as classical particles driven by periodic forces. Depending on the exact racetrack geometry, the ratchet mechanism can be soft or strict. In the latter case, the skyrmion propagates close to the efficiency maximum.

Etymology of terms in anatomy of central nervous system

We consider the origin of neuroanatomical terms and their formation as such in the history of medicine. Along with the terms originating from common Indo-European roots and reflecting the typical process of metaphorization of trivial objects and phenomena, in this sphere we find semantic calques (one of the types of borrowing) and formations originating from late Latin. The prevailing simple metaphor testifies to the early origin of most terminological units.

Feminist collaborative becomings: an entangled process of knowing through fitness objects

ABSTRACT This paper details a collaborative journey in which we sought to use new materialist theoretical and post-qualitative approaches to explore the entangled phenomena of women’s moving bodies and fitness objects. In particular, we engaged with Karen Barad’s agential realism to explore the materiality of the sports bra and its material-discursive relationality with women’s bodies, fleshy exertions, and physical forces. In this paper, we outline our improvised process of using new materialist theory to guide our research journey as we moved and lived with lululemon’s Enlite sports bra. We describe the fluid, unscripted nature of this entangled collaborative research process, including visiting a lululemon store together, a seven-month digital dialogue about our experiences of moving with Enlite, and different techniques (i.e., cutting together-apart, moving methods, and creative writing) used to challenge the boundaries of our collaborative knowledge production process. In so doing, we contribute to two key bodies of literature, i) scholarship exploring the onto-epistemological challenges of new materialisms, and ii) a growing body of work by feminist scholars drawing upon new materialisms to examine sporting objects and the fine details of women’s moving bodies. Although some may consider the sports bra to be a trivial object, this paper reveals a feminist politics in rethinking the research process and carefully examining the entangled relations that unfold between women’s moving bodies and everyday fitness objects.

When Corruption is Cultural: Exploring Moral, Institutional and Rule-Based Concepts of Corruption

It is often asserted that people are conditioned to act corruptly by their culture in a way they cannot help themselves. The aim of this paper is to use a multidisciplinary approach, both from political theory and political science, to show that this kind of narrative about corruption is flawed because it is not informative at all about the nature of corruption. This prevents it from leading to any type of meaningful analysis or policy design. We will concentrate on two main flaws: The Triviality Objection, which points out that everything humans do is cultural in some sense or other, and the Circularity Objection, which stresses that attempting to explain why or how corruption becomes part of a specific culture, leads to saying that it is because its members act corruptly. The idea that the cultural causation is flawed becomes persuasive when we contrast that view with our concept of corruption as a special kind of harm to institutional rules: corruption may refer to a parallel set of conventions or rules that undermines the institutional set of morally justified norms.

Pretorsion theories in general categories

We present a setting for the study of torsion theories in general categories. The idea is to associate, with any pair (T, F) of full replete subcategories in a category C, the corresponding full subcategory Z=T∩F of trivial objects in C. The morphisms which factor through Z are called Z-trivial, and these form an ideal of morphisms, with respect to which one can define Z-prekernels, Z-precokernels, and short Z-preexact sequences. This naturally leads to the notion of pretorsion theory, which is the object of study of this article, and includes the classical one in the abelian context when Z is reduced to the 0-object of C. We study the basic properties of pretorsion theories, and examine some new examples in the category of all endomappings of finite sets and in the category of preordered sets.

A method for designing the logical structure of a distributed telecommunication environment

The article presents a methodology for the development of information exchange tools based on the apparatus of hierarchical Petri nets, characterized by the possibility of simultaneous events and allows solving the problem of correctness analysis and verification of protocols. Protocol objects and access points are represented on the basis of the Petri nets apparatus: the simplest object of the reception/transmission protocol, the queue object, a single object and a trivial object. It describes the construction of complex structures of objects and operations on them, the management of timeouts based on the timer object, the specification of protocol objects, the specification of protocols and levels of logical structure. The proposed method is relevant for the analysis of complex communication systems of large size, which are mobile ad-hoc networks with a large number of nodes, characterized by topology instability due to unstable communication channel characteristics and high nodes mobility, and especially flying ad-hoc networks of aircraft (FANET) and flying sensor networks (FSN).

Meyer’s Struggle with Presentism or How We Can Understand the Debate between Presentism and Eternalism

The paper consists of two parts. The first critically analyses Meyer’s [2005] version of the triviality objection to presentism (according to which, presentism is either trivial or untenable), and tries to show that his argument is untenable because – contrary to what he claimed – he did not take into account the entire possible spectrum of interpretations of the presentist’s thesis. In the second, positive part of the paper, it is shown that a leading form of tensed theory of time postulates the same ontology as presentism and that it avoids the triviality problem which means that it can be used to generate an alternative formulation of presentism which is no longer vulnerable to the triviality objection.

Temporal ontology: tenselessness and quantification

Temporal ontology is concerned with the ontological status of the past, the present and the future, with presentism and eternalism as main contenders since the second half of the last century. In recent years several philosophers have argued that the presentism/eternalism dispute is not substantial. They have embraced, one may say, deflationism (about temporal ontology). Denying or downplaying the meaningfulness of tenseless language and wielding the so-called triviality objection have been their main argumentative tools. Other philosophers have opposed this trend, thereby holding fast to what could be named substantialism (about temporal ontology). Their leading defensive strategy has consisted in bringing to the fore tenselessness or unrestricted quantification in an attempt to resist the triviality objection. Despite this reaction, the past few years have hosted a new wave of deflationism, wherein the triviality objection and qualms about the legitimacy of tenselessness and unrestricted quantification still loom large. This paper counters this trend, by providing a new clarification of tenseless predication, unrestricted quantifiers and their role in rescuing substantialism from the triviality objection. A crucial ingredient is this: the appeal to unrestricted quantifiers and to tenseless predication are not alternative strategies, but rather two sides of the same coin, since substantialism requires quantifiers that are both tenseless and unrestricted.

Homogeneity, Heterogeneity, the Supply Curve, and Consumer Theory

In this paper we try to wrestle with the triviality objection to the concept of the same good. If we define two resources as serving the same list of ends, then whether these items can be subsumed under the rubric of the “same good” revolves around how we conceive of ends. If ends are at least partly language-dependent, that is, the way of individuating ends depends on the level of generality with which we refer to them, then the notion of the same good seems trivial. In extreme cases, we can specify ends in such a manner that no two items would fall into the-same-good category. Or, we can construe ends so generally that all resources would be conceptualized as the same good for they would serve the same general ends; e.g., of benefitting their owners. After presenting the problem in detail, we study the implication of our construal of ends. We conclude by showing that the triviality objection cannot undermine Austrian subjectivism.

A propósito del ramonismo de Francisco Ayala. Evolución del vanguardismo a la mímesis

The essay aims to highlight and illustrate, through some examples, the way the influence of Ramon Gomez de la Serna shows in Francisco Ayala’s short-stories belonging to his Avant-garde period. Despite their profound differences in personality, during the years 1927-1930, Ayala experimented the new way of writing inspired by the ramonian greguerias (as well as by the dehumanized art of Ortega y Gasset). For this reason, this article tries to point out similarities and differences between the two authors. In particular, in collections such as El boxeador y un angel and Cazador en el alba , Ayala uses plenty of images and metaphors that take the greguerias and the experimental art as a model. What the two authors have in common lies in an unconventional point of view, in describing impressions and sensations, in elevating trivial things and objects to a literary category. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the Avant-garde period was only a phase (though important) in Ayala’s literary evolution, while Gomez de la Serna never ceased to embody that attitude; thus the main difference between them consists in their personalities and in a partial (on Ayala’s side) or a total (on Ramon’s side) adhesion to the Avant-garde literary expression.

Spirited Skies project: Silica Aerogel in Art and Design Applications

ABSTRACTThis comparative study on two interdisciplinary artistic practices aims to improve public perception of scientific research and to facilitate informed decision making regarding climate change and how it affects everyday life. It also hopes to break down (or bridge?) the isolated silos of Art and Science, by emphasizing the role of imagination as a tool of creation and innovation in the new economies of the 21st century. Notwithstanding the ephemeral appearance of the super-light nanomaterial silica aerogel used by Ioannis Michaloudis (Michalous) in his sculptures, the longevity of some of his art seems guaranteed: two works, Bottled Nymph and Noli Me Tangere have been selected to be rocketed to the moon as part of the MoonArk sculpture. The sculptures will be aboard a Space X Falcon 9 rocket launched in 2018 from Cape Kennedy in an Astrobotic Robotic Lunar Mission, and will remain on the moon, potentially, for billions of years. Spirited Skies is a project where we experience by touching other forms of longevity of the ephemeral silica aerogel. Filling double jacketed borosilicate glass vials with aerogel skies and clouds in a unique way, Michaloudis transforms every day’s life trivial objects into art. And whilst Michaloudis is seeding the heavens and landing his artwork onto the moon, a Masters student under his supervision, Matthew van Roden is waxing and waning back here on earth. Van Roden’s material of choice is wax, which he pushes through various artistic disciplines to extrapolate its flesh like qualities.

Artificial islands as a manifestation of glocalisation

The article is devoted to economic reasons for creation of artificial lands, including artificial islands, and problems related to their functioning. The scientific achievements of economic geography constitute a theoretical basis of the analysis. Economic reasons for constructing artificial islands in particular may, to a large extent, be explained by reference to a new economic geography of Paul Krugman. Therefore, the Authors associate the dynamically developing phenomenon of building artificial islands with the process of glocalisation. On the other hand, functioning of artificial islands – in their opinion – may basically be reduced to a concept of the balance of a company, as an artificial island may be treated as its counterpart.