Triplet Patterns Research Articles

Mollow-like Triplets in Ultrafast Resonant Absorption.

We show that resonant absorption of smooth laser fields can yield Mollow-like triplet patterns. General conditions for such triplets are derived and illustrated with a super-Gaussian pulse sequence. Gaussian pulses cannot exhibit triplets, super-Gaussian pulses can form triplets depending on the pulse area, and flattop pulses can produce absorption triplets after one Rabi cycle. Our results are compared side by side with resonance fluorescence to emphasize similarities and differences between these unlike observables. In the high-intensity limit, we show that the central absorption peak is asymmetric, which we attribute to nonlinear photoionization, beyond two-level atomic physics.

Statistical learning and children's emergent literacy in rural Côte d'Ivoire.

Studies of non-linguistic statistical learning (SL) have often linked performance in SL tasks with differences in language outcomes. Most of these studies have focused on Western and high-income educational contexts, but children worldwide learn in radically different educational systems and communities, and often in a second language. In the west African nation of Côte d'Ivoire, children enter fifth grade (CM-1) with widely varying ages and literacy skills. Across three iteratively-developed experiments, 157 children, age 8-15 years, in rural communities in the greater-Adzópe region of Côte d'Ivoire watched sequences of cartoon images with embedded triplet patterns on touchscreen tablets, while performing a target-detection task. We assessed these tablet-based adaptations of non-linguistic visual SL and asked whether the children's individual differences in performance on the SL tasks were related to their first and second language and literacy skills. We found group-level evidence that children used the statistical regularities in the image sequence to gradually decrease their response times, but their responses on post-test discrimination did not reflect this learning. When evaluating the correlation between SL and language skills, individual differences related to other task demands predicted oral language skills shared by first and second languages, while SL better predicted second language print skills. These findings suggest that non-linguistic SL paradigms can measure similar skills in Ivorian children as previous samples, but they also echo recent calls for further cross-cultural validation, greater internal reliability, and tests for confounding variables (such as processing speed) in studies of individual differences in statistical learning. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We iteratively adapted three visual statistical learning studies for children in rural Côte d'Ivoire. Group-level analyses indicates that the children learn the underlying statistical regularities. Individual-differences analyses reveal some evidence that the statistical learning measure is also correlated with task demands that may be driven by cross-cultural differences. Like previous research, statistical learning is correlated with second language literacy, but we did not find a relationship between SL and oral language skills in first and second languages.

Tri Concomitant Local Feature Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification

In this paper, we have proposed a new technique entitled as Transformed Directional Tri Concomitant Triplet Patterns with Artificial Neural Network is proposed for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification. TdtCTp consist of three stages to obtain detail directional information about pixel progression. In first stage, structural rule based approach is proposed to extract directional information in various direction. Further, in second stage, microscopic information and correlation between each sub-structural element are extracted by using concomitant conditions. Finally, minute directional intensity variation information and correlation between the sub-structural elements are extracted by integrating first two stages. After feature extraction, the extracted feature is used as input to the artificial neural network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first learning based approach for diabetic retinopathy classification. Effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of average precision and compared with existing state-of-the-art methods. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed method is achieved significant performance compared to other methods.

Spin-torsion dominated hyperfine splittings in the first excited torsional state (vt = 1) of methanol

Doublet, triplet and quartet hyperfine splitting patterns have been observed in the E-species component of the first excited (vt = 1) torsional state of CH3OH. Four series of lines dominate the available data: (i) a K = 6 ← 7, Q branch series of quartets, with 7 ≤ J ≤ 15; (ii) a K = 3 ← 2, Q branch series, with 3 ≤ J ≤ 18, which starts as quartets, changes to doublets at J = 7, and then finally to singlets at J = 17; (iii) a K = −2 ← −3, P branch series of doublets, with 8 ≤ J ≤ 13; and (iv) a K = 8 ← 7, Q branch series, with 8 ≤ J ≤ 24, which starts as triplets and becomes doublets at J = 12. There are also a few isolated doublets and quartets, which do not form long spectroscopic branches. We have modeled the hyperfine quartet and doublet splittings with empirically chosen symmetry-allowed spin-torsion, spin-rotation, and spin–spin interaction terms appropriate for the two I = ½ spin systems arising from the OH proton and from the CH3 protons, respectively, and have achieved a least-squares fit of 144 hyperfine components (88 hyperfine intervals) to six hyperfine parameters with a standard deviation (0.75 kHz) near experimental measurement accuracy. The three spin-rotation parameters associated with one I = ½ spin system in the fit agree well with ab initio predictions for IOH parameters in the literature. The two spin-torsion parameters agree to some extent with other fitted values in the literature. The physical effects included in the present Hamiltonian differ from those included in the Hamiltonian for our earlier work on hyperfine splittings in vt = 0 E states, because the experimentally observed vt = 1 splittings are found to decrease approximately as 1/J, whereas the vt = 0 splittings increase approximately as J. The position and relative intensities of the weak central features of the triplets are explained as three-level Λ-type crossover resonances.

Generalized Darboux transformation and Nth order rogue wave solution of a general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations

We construct a generalized Darboux transformation (GDT) of a general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (GCNLS) system. Using GDT method we derive a recursive formula and present determinant representations for Nth order rogue wave solution of this system. Using these representations we derive first, second and third order rogue wave solutions with certain free parameters. By varying these free parameters we demonstrate the formation of triplet, triangle and hexagonal patterns of rogue waves.

Prevention of SQL Injection by Self Generating Triplet Patterns

The paper is focused with the new prevention method for SQL injection as it is always the top threat to any web site or web application. The paper focus generation of the pattern from the training query to prevent the SQL injection for the new query by forming triplet pattern. The new concept of matching pattern ratio has been introduced in the paper. In the last section advantages and the disadvantages of the method is discussed. General Terms Web security, SQL injection, prevention techniques, triplet pattern for SQL injection queries

Forked Parallelism in Egyptian, Ugaritic and Hebrew Poetry

A particular pattern of tricolon or triplet, sometimes known as forked parallelism, has been identified in Ugaritic and early Hebrew poetry. It has been suggested that it is a characteristic style of Canaanite or ancient Semitic poetry, and noted that in the Hebrew Bible its use declines dramatically outside the archaic and early examples of poetry. Hence it can be seen as a stylistic indicator suggesting authentic early composition of some portions of the Hebrew Bible. This paper shows that the pattern was also used as a regular feature in some genres of Egyptian poetry from the Old Kingdom through to the end of the New Kingdom. At that time it appears to have ceased being a device regularly used by Egyptian poets, in parallel with their counterparts in the Levant. Thus the use, and subsequent decline, of this pattern in Israel is a local reflection of a wider aesthetic choice rather than an isolated phenomenon. The structural uses of this and some other triplet patterns are reviewed, and some clear poetic purposes identified. This review also highlights some differences between the typical poetic use of triplets in Ugaritic, Hebrew and Egyptian. Some typical triplet patterns used in Ugaritic and Hebrew are not found in Egyptian sources.

Selective Screening of Tyrosine-Nitrated Peptides in Tryptic Mixtures by In-Source Photodissociation at 355 nm in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization

Nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins is an important post-translational modification related to various diseases such as Alzheimer's. In this work, efficient and selective photodissociation (PD) at 355 nm was observed for [M + H](+), [M + H - 16](+), and [M + H - 32](+) generated by matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption ionization (UV-MALDI) of tyrosine-nitrated peptides (nitropeptides). Product ion spectra obtained by post-source PD at this wavelength contained useful information on the amino acid sequence. The spectra for nitropeptides obtained with 355 nm irradiation inside the ion source (MALDI/in-source PD) displayed characteristic triplet patterns due to PD of the above ions. For peptides displaying prominent signal in a MALDI mass map of a tryptic mixture, which are mostly those with arginine at the C-terminus, in-source PD allowed positive identification of their tyrosine-nitrated forms. Identification of such nitropeptides was possible at the 10 fmol level (in tryptic digest of 100 fmol BSA).

Amino acid pair- and triplet-wise groupings in the interior of α-helical segments in proteins

A statistical approach has been applied to analyse primary structure patterns at inner positions of α-helices in proteins. A systematic survey was carried out in a recent sample of non-redundant proteins selected from the Protein Data Bank, which were used to analyse α-helix structures for amino acid pairing patterns. Only residues more than three positions apart from both termini of the α-helix were considered as inner. Amino acid pairings i, i+ k ( k=1, 2, 3, 4, 5), were analysed and the corresponding 20×20 matrices of relative global propensities were constructed. An analysis of ( i, i+4, i+8) and ( i, i+3, i+4) triplet patterns was also performed. These analysis yielded information on a series of amino acid patterns (pairings and triplets) showing either high or low preference for α-helical motifs and suggested a novel approach to protein alphabet reduction. In addition, it has been shown that the individual amino acid propensities are not enough to define the statistical distribution of these patterns. Global pair propensities also depend on the type of pattern, its composition and orientation in the protein sequence. The data presented should prove useful to obtain and refine useful predictive rules which can further the development and fine-tuning of protein structure prediction algorithms and tools.

Increased Clearance Explains the Ultra-Large Multimers in Von Willebrand Disease Type 2M Vicenza; Lessons from Recombinant VWF Vicenza and Modeling of Multimer Catabolism.

The pathogenesis of VWD Vicenza has remained elusive. VWD Vicenza is characterized by low plasma but normal platelet VWF concentration, the presence of ultra-large plasma multimers, and a heterozygous R1205H mutation. VWF Vicenza is reported to have a decreased half-life in the circulation. When we expressed rVWF Vicenza R1205H in 293T cells, it was secreted with wild type efficiency and multimer distribution, suggesting that the primary defect is accelerated clearance. To evaluate this hypothesis, we developed a pharmacokinetic model of VWF multimer catabolism. The initial assumptions are: 1. Secretion occurs at a fixed rate with the initial “ultra-large” multimer distribution seen in platelet alpha granules. 2. Cleavage of multimers occurs with a probability p that increases with increasing multimer size. 3. Clearance occurs with a time constant determined by the plasma half life and is independent of multimer size. Modeled multimer distributions were compared to those determined experimentally for patient plasma samples. The effects of DDAVP infusion also were modeled and compared to published data (Casonato et al, Blood 2002; 99:180). For p = 7.5 x 10−4 min−1 and a half life of 12 h, the modeled multimer patterns were comparable to the observed steady-state distribution of normal VWF. Decreasing the half life to 2 hours produces a low plasma concentration of “ultra-large” multimers typical of VWD Vicenza without a change in any other parameter. Conversely, increasing the probability of cleavage by only thirty percent produces typical VWD 2A multimer distributions. The model also reproduces the triplet patterns of normal and type 2A VWF. Finally, the DDAVP simulations reproduced the time course of VWF plasma concentrations and multimer distributions of DDAVP-treated patients. We conclude that increased clearance alone can explain the ultra-large multimer distribution of VWD Vicenza. Similar modeling should allow the estimation of VWF cleavage and clearance rates in other variants of VWD and in other clinical situations including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. [Display omitted] [Display omitted]

Neurologic course, endocrine dysfunction and triplet repeat size in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy.

To study the role of diabetes, gynecomastia and CAG triplet repeat size as disease modifying factors of neurologic expression in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, Kennedy's disease). Twenty unrelated SBMA patients with confirmatory genetic testing were reviewed. Patterns of neurologic involvement were assessed (e.g. bulbar, asymmetric, proximal, distal, motor and sensory). Slopes of disease progression were calculated from serial quantified neurologic examinations. Patterns of neurologic involvement and course were correlated to the presence of diabetes, gynecomastia and triplet repeat size. Diabetes or glucose impairment occurred in nine and 11 had gynecomastia. Patterns of neurologic involvement and rates of progression did not correlate with these endocrine diseases or triplet repeat sizes. Correlation was seen between number of CAG repeats and age of onset weakness (r = -0.53, r2 = 29%, p = 0.01). The specific neurotoxic effect of expanded CAGs appears limited to age of onset weakness in SBMA. Although significant, only 29% of the variability in onset age could be accounted for by polyglutamine size suggesting the importance of other unidentified factors. In this series diabetes or glucose impairment was more common than previously reported and, like gynecomastia, did not correlate with size of triplet repeats, severity or patterns of neurologic involvement. Modifying factors other than diabetes, gynecomastia or triplet repeat size are suggested in disease expression.

Photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) studies of matrix isolated molecules and films of C 60 and C 70

The X-band spin 1 2 photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) of C 60 and C 70 isolated in a toluene/polystyrene matrix and various films is reviewed. The fluorescence (F)-enhancing triplet resonances of the isolated molecules are attributed to ground-state repopulation by a nonradiative triplet state delocalized over the molecule. The phosphorescence-detected resonance of C 70 glasses is due to the direct radiative decay of the long-lived triplets. Its strong temperature dependence results apparently from a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect. The PLDMR of C 60 and C 70 films is similar, and includes a narrow F-enhancing spin 1 2 resonance (ΔH 1 2 ∼8G) at g∼2.0025 and narrow and broad triplet patterns at full- and half-fields. The spin 1 2 resonance is discussed in relation to polaron recombination or a radical-triplet pair mechanism. The narrow triplet pattern, attributed to a triplet delocalized over the molecule, is slightly narrower than in C 60, consistent with a slightly larger exciton. The broad pattern is similar to that observed in π-conjugated polymers and is believed to result from a triplet localized on a pentagon or hexagon adjacent to a neighboring molecule.

Production and reactions of triplet CS: matrix infrared and ultraviolet spectra of C2S2

Matrix infrared and visible-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and ab initio electronic structure calculations have been used to characterize the reaction products from a Tesla coil Ar/CS{sub 2} discharge. The discharge is an excellent source of CS, which reacts with other molecules to form the major C{sub 3}S{sub 2} product and the transient C{sub 2}S{sub 2} species. The spectra of discharged mixed isotopic samples Ar/{sup 12}CS{sub 2}/{sub 13}CS{sub 2} and Ar/C{sup 32}S{sub 2} exhibit triplet patterns in the CS antisymmetric stretching region, which unambiguously identifies the new C{sub 2}S{sub 2} molecule with two equivalent CS subgroups. The magnitudes of the {sup 12,13}C and {sup 32,34}S isotopic shifts further characterize the diatomic CS subgroup nature of C{sub 2}S{sub 2}. Another product contains two equivalent CS subgroups interacting with inequivalent S atom(s). The formation of C{sub 2}S{sub 2}({sup 3}{Sigma}) from the simple CS{sub 2} discharge requires triplet CS. Evidence was also obtained for other transient cumulene species. 32 refs., 8 figs., 7 tabs.

The Polymorphism of a Cytosine Anion Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Electron addition to the nucleic acid base cytosine and several derivatives was studied in frozen aqueous solution and in aqueous glasses containing 10 M glucose, 7 M BeF2, 10 M LiCl and 8 N NaOH. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that three major types of spectra are obtained which can be classified into a group D giving a doublet (ca. 1.6 mT) and a group of triplet patterns T and T1 (ca. 3.0 mT total spread) which differ slightly in coupling values but which are both distinct from D by showing the loss of one sizeable proton coupling (ca. 1.0 mT) in deuterated solvents. Varying the type of glasses and other parameters such as pH, together with modification of the cytosine exocyclic groups, indicated that the triplet patterns represent electron adducts protonated at the amino group, whereas the doublets D should probably involve N3-protonated species. The equilibrium between doublets and triplets was found to depend strongly on the presence of Li+ and Be2+ and less strongly on pH or the presence of Na+, the former group of ions inducing the triplets. It is suggested that the influence of the ions derives mostly from their strength in stabilizing the amino-protonated tautomer of the electron adducts.

Characterization of von willebrand factor in factor VIII concentrates

Commercial concentrates of factor VIII (FVIII) were analyzed in order to 1) determine the effects of viral inactivation on von Willebrand factor (vWF); 2) evaluate the vWF content of the new, immunopurified concentrates; and 3) assess their potential for correcting the long bleeding time of von Willebrand disease (vWD). Included in our study were products that had been treated to inactivate viruses; older, untreated products; and the new, immunopurified concentrates. We measured von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor activity (RCoF), and vWF multimeric and subunit composition. A newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to quantitate vWF:Ag. The vWF:Ag content varied from 0.083 micrograms/IU FVIII:C for Hemofil M to 32.2 micrograms/IU FVIII:C for Humate-P, whereas pooled normal human plasma (NHP) contained 6.3 micrograms/IU FVIII:C. The RCoF varied from 0.0007 to 2.09 U/IU FVIII:C, with the immunopurified concentrates having the lowest values and Humate-P the highest. The ratio of RCoF to vWF:Ag ranged from 11 to 96 U/mg, as compared to a ratio of 160 for NHP. All of the concentrates lacked the largest vWF multimers, and all had abnormal triplet patterns. Modest differences between some untreated concentrates and their treated counterparts were noted. As expected, the immunopurified concentrates had much lower levels of all vWF activities than the conventionally prepared products. Our data suggest that none of the concentrates have as great a capacity as NHP to correct the prolonged bleeding time of von Willebrand disease.

Effects of stimulus timing on transmitter release and postsynaptic membrane potential at crayfish neuromuscular junctions

Different synaptic terminals of the single excitor axon to the opener muscle of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) often release transmitter in a very different manner when stimulated with the same equal-interval, doublet, or triplet patterns. Compared to synapses that show little facilitation (low Fe synapses), highly facilitating (high Fe) synapses show greater percentage increases in several measures of synaptic efficacy when stimulated with any of these patterns. Low Fe synapses usually show the greater absolute changes in these measures of synaptic efficacy. Changes in the span and pattern of doublets and triplets can independently affect both pre- and postsynaptic measures of synaptic efficacy at either low Fe or high Fe synapses.

MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS IN THE LUMINESCENCE OF THE Ru(bpY)3(PF6)2 DOPED WITH Os(bpy)32+

Magnetic field and temperature dependent (32+ (RBY) of the host material, and the OS(bPY)32+ (OBY) dopant, are reported as a function of the orientation of B. Differences are seen for E||B and E| B, little effect is seen for B||c. Strong energy transfer previously reported between RBY and OBY is seen to be dependent on the applied magnetic field. OBY luminescence has more detailed fine structure, first seen here, with some similarities but striking differences to the weak structure seen for RBY in the PFa6 host. A marked triplet structure, with -35 cm-1 spacing, is seen throughout the spectrum. The triplet has two origin patterns spaced by 7±1 cm-1. The two higher energy components of the triplet pattern move (+)1 cm-1 at 5T (B| c). Of the two triplet patterns, only the lower energy set has a strongly enhanced intenSity (x400) for B(4T)||E at 1.4 K. The phonon structure built upon these origins is analysed.

Eukaryotic oligomer frequencies are correlated with certain DNA helical parameters

Nucleotide sequences were converted into purine (R)-pyrimidine (Y) series and divided into several groups, embracing higher and lower organisms. The frequencies of R-Y doublets, triplets and quartets in each were calculated. Whereas eukaryotes uniformly show RR + YY greater than RY + YR, in bacteria and phage no such relationship is observed. The triplet and quartet patterns in higher organisms differ from those seen in prokaryotes. In the higher organisms a correlation is observed between the frequencies of triplets and quartets and some DNA structural parameters. Specifically, the most frequent triplets are those with minimal torsion angle deviations from a regular B-DNA. The most frequent quartets are those with minimal roll angle deviations. No such correlations are observed in prokaryotes. We therefore propose that in eukaryotic DNA, tight, smooth packaging imposes sequence constraints.

Quantitativer Vergleich der Initiator-Regionen (Ribosome Binding Sites) von 12 aus Escherichia coli stammenden Nukleotidsequenzen (RNA-und DNA-Phagen), die aus Triplets zusammengesetzt sind / Quantitative Comparison of Ribosome Binding Sites of Twelve Nucleotide Sequences from Escherichia coli (RNA-and DNA Phages) Based on Triplet Patterns

The molecular structure of ribosome binding sites of ten phage genes and two messengers of Escherichia coli were compared concerning the signation parts which are presumably used by ribosomes for recognition and binding. With a simple calculation based on triplet patterns sofar unknown agreements between all of these sequences were found. In several cases it was shown that agreements between old sequences are easier recognizable if the purine- and pyrimidine bases are put into the triplets instead of the four A, G, C, and U (T) bases. In such cases "homologous" parts of sequences were recognized with more distinctness. This is true in our case for the double triplet (hexaplet) py-pu-pu-pu-pu-(pu) and the binding site triplet py-pu-pu, which are preceding the initiator. These triplets are in specific positions in all twelve sequences which were compared. The different course of the quaternary and the binary conformity curves (diagram 1) may show for the investigated area that the RNA phage gene-part is organized according to the well known quaternary triplet code. On the contrary the phage phi-gene-part seems to be organized according to a more simple, binary triplet sequence of purine and pyrimidine bases. The binary sequence seems to be the more original, the quaternary the derived one.