Double Test Research Articles

Isolation and molecular characterization of keratinase producing Bacillus species from soil

Bacillus species present in soil contain enzymes which show proteolytic properties to decompose proteins. Soil proteases are mainly provided by soil bacteria. Bacillus species have various industrial uses. The aim of this study was to isolate and molecular characterization of keratinase producing Bacillus species from soil. Bacterial strains have been isolated from soil. Biochemical and molecular characterization have been performed using different biochemical tests (Catalase, Nitrate, simmon citrate, Triple sugar iron tests) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis respectively. Moreover, keratinase test has been performed to check the presence of keratinase enzyme in isolated species. In this study, five different bacterial strains have been isolated from soil. Out of five strains, four were Bacilli and one strain is Citrobacter farmeri. Sequencing results showed that four strains were Gram positive, Bacilli and one strain was Gram negative, Citrobacter farmeri. A keratinase test was performed to see the presence of keratinase enzyme in all strains. The results showed that keratinase was present in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. This study concluded the significant role of Bacillus species in the production of keratinase enzyme. A keratinase enzyme is very important in leather industry for dehairing. Keratinase enzyme is non pollutant and economical.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging has been evolved as a very important tool in diagnosing the axillary lymph nodes pre-operatively. In recent studies, in women with various risk profiles, the sensitivity ranges between 81% and 100%, which is approximately twice as high as the sensitivity of mammography. Methods: This prospective study was performed at PGIMS, Haryana from December 2018 to March 2020. Total 30 patients (n=30) were included in the study. All the patients presenting with clinically palpable breast lump, underwent triple assessment test. All the patient underwent modified radical mastectomy and the final histopathological report of the specimen was then compared with the preoperative clinical and MRI assessment of the metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Results: This study aimed at detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast malignancies by breast MRI. The sensitivity of this MRI came to be about 80.00%, specificity of about 80%, positive predictive value of about 95.24%, negative predictive value of about 44.44% and accuracy of about 80.0% with 95% confidence interval.Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is a very important investigation in detection of breast malignancies, their depth, muscles and skin involvement as well as axillary lymph node detection. Axillary lymph nodes can although be detected by clinical examination, but problem lies in their sensitivity and specificity as axillary lymph nodes of small size cannot be detected by clinical examination.

Triple test cross analysis for seed yield and its components in sesame under water stress conditions

Water deficit is a limiting factor in sesame cultivars yield, thus identification of genetic mechanisms of sesame traits under water stress conditions is essential to development of water stress tolerant genotypes. Hence, the triple test cross (TTC) analysis in F2 population of the sesame cross (NA76 ​× ​NA54) was used. Since, 30 TTC families with their 13 respective parents were evaluated during the summer season 2020 under two irrigation treatments. i.e., normal irrigation with 5952.38 ​m3 ​hm−2 of applied water, and water stress with 2976.19 ​m3 ​hm−2 of applied water. This was implemented at the experimental field of Kafr El Hamam/Sharkia, Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. Additive (D) and dominance (H) gene actions as well as epistatic and its two components of additive ​× ​additive, additive ​× ​dominance plus dominance ​× ​dominance were involved in the inheritance of all studied traits under both irrigation treatments and their combined analysis. The degree of dominance (H/D)0.5 verified the presence of partial dominance in most cases. The correlation coefficient between sums (additive) and differences (dominance) was non-significant, showing that dominant genes between lines were ambidirectional. The moderately water stress tolerant TTC families as the best selected families were found in families 22, 25, 10, 12, and 15. Therefore, postponing selection in these selected families to later segregating generations for all studied traits would be effective to exploit the positive effects of additive ​× ​additive epistasis.

A Triple High Throughput Screening for Extracellular Vesicle Inducing Agents With Immunostimulatory Activity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication and regulation of cells, especially in the immune system where EVs can participate in antigen presentation and may have adjuvant effects. We aimed to identify small molecule compounds that can increase EV release and thereby enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines. We utilized a THP-1 reporter cell line engineered to release EV-associated tetraspanin (CD63)-Turbo-luciferase to quantitatively measure EVs released in culture supernatants as a readout of a high throughput screen (HTS) of 27,895 compounds. In parallel, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated by PrestoBlue dye assay. For screening immunostimulatory potency, we performed two additional independent HTS on the same compound library using NF-κB and interferon-stimulated response element THP-1 reporter cell lines. Hit compounds were then identified in each of the 3 HTS’s, using a “Top X″ and a Gaussian Mixture Model approach to rule out false positive compounds and to increase the sensitivity of the hit selection. Thus, 644 compounds were selected as hits which were further evaluated for induction of IL-12 in murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (mBMDCs) and for effects of cell viability. The resulting 130 hits were then assessed from a medicinal chemistry perspective to remove compounds with functional group liabilities. Finally, 80 compounds were evaluated as vaccine adjuvants in vivo using ovalbumin as a model antigen. We analyzed 18 compounds with adjuvant activity for their ability to induce the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on mBMDCs. The full complement of data was then used to cluster the compounds into 4 distinct biological activity profiles. These compounds were also evaluated for quantitation of EV release and spider plot overlays were generated to compare the activity profiles of compounds within each cluster. This tiered screening process identified two compounds that belong to the 4-thieno-2-thiopyrimidine scaffold with identical screening profiles supporting data reproducibility and validating the overall screening process. Correlation patterns in the adjuvanticity data suggested a role for CD63 and NF-κB pathways in potentiating antigen-specific antibody production. Thus, our three independent cell-based HTS campaigns led to identification of immunostimulatory compounds that release EVs and have adjuvant activity.

Model-based reasoning using answer set programming

Diagnosis, i.e., the detection and identification of faults, provides the basis for bringing systems back to normal operation in case of a fault. Diagnosis is a very important task of our daily live, assuring safe and reliable behavior of systems. The automation of diagnosis has been a successful research topic for several decades. However, there are limitations due to complexity issues and lack of expressiveness of the underlying reasoning mechanisms. More recently logic reasoning like answer set programming has gained a lot of attention and practical use. In this paper, we tackle the question whether answer set programming can be used for automating diagnosis, focusing on industrial applications. We discuss a formalization of the diagnosis problem based on answer set programming, introduce a general framework for modeling systems, and present experimental results of an answer set programming based diagnosis algorithm. Past limitations like not being able to deal with numerical operations for modeling can be solved to some extent. The experimental results indicate that answer set programming is efficient enough for being used in diagnosis applications, providing that the underlying system is of moderate size. For digital circuits having less than 500 components, diagnosis time has been less than one second even for computing triple fault diagnoses.

Enhanced Parallel Sine Cosine Algorithm for Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization

The sine cosine algorithm’s main idea is the sine and cosine-based vacillation outwards or towards the best solution. The first main contribution of this paper proposes an enhanced version of the SCA algorithm called as ESCA algorithm. The supremacy of the proposed algorithm over a set of state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and convergence speed will be demonstrated by experimental tests. When these algorithms are transferred to the business sector, they must meet time requirements dependent on the industrial process. If these temporal requirements are not met, an efficient solution is to speed them up by designing parallel algorithms. The second major contribution of this work is the design of several parallel algorithms for efficiently exploiting current multicore processor architectures. First, one-level synchronous and asynchronous parallel ESCA algorithms are designed. They have two favors; retain the proposed algorithm’s behavior and provide excellent parallel performance by combining coarse-grained parallelism with fine-grained parallelism. Moreover, the parallel scalability of the proposed algorithms is further improved by employing a two-level parallel strategy. Indeed, the experimental results suggest that the one-level parallel ESCA algorithms reduce the computing time, on average, by 87.4% and 90.8%, respectively, using 12 physical processing cores. The two-level parallel algorithms provide extra reductions of the computing time by 91.4%, 93.1%, and 94.5% with 16, 20, and 24 processing cores, including physical and logical cores. Comparison analysis is carried out on 30 unconstrained benchmark functions and three challenging engineering design problems. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed ESCA algorithm behaves outstandingly well in terms of exploration and exploitation behaviors, local optima avoidance, and convergence speed toward the optimum. The overall performance of the proposed algorithm is statistically validated using three non-parametric statistical tests, namely Friedman, Friedman aligned, and Quade tests.

A Comparative Study of Sports-specific Balance Training versus Plyometric Balance Training

Introduction: Football is a sport that involves running as the foremost part in which the lower limb plays a vital role in participation. Balance training is vital to athletic performance and should be integrated into an athlete’s daily training. Plyometric represents the performance of stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activities that involve a high-intensity eccentric contraction straightaway after a rapid and powerful concentric contraction.Method: It is an experimental study with 30 college male football players in the age group of 18-25 years. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 15 individuals who were trained with sports-specific balance training programmes. Group B consisted of 15 individuals who were trained with plyometric balance training. The individuals were trained for 4 weeks with 3 sessions per week (12 sessions). The pre-test and post-test measurements were measured using the triple hop test, stork balance test, and modified star excursion balance test (MSEBT).Results: Pre-test and post-test results of both groups were compared. The results showed a highly significant difference in mean values at p ≤ 0.001.Conclusion: 4 weeks of sports-specific balance training and plyometric balance training showed significant improvement in lower limb muscle strength in collegiate football players.

Association of Paraoxonase 1 Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Breast Fibroadenoma and Breast Cancer in the Females of Guangxi, China.

Fibroadenoma of the breast is a common cause of a benign breast lump in premenopausal women. The consensus view is that women with fibroadenomas are not at significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer. The objective of this research was to explore the association of PON1 rs662 and rs705382 with the risk of breast fibroadenoma (BF) and breast cancer (BC) in the females of Guangxi in southern China. The PON1 rs662 and rs705382 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 55 BF patients, 80 BC patients, and 98 healthy controls. Significant associations with FB and BC risks were observed for the rs662 SNP. Diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical examination, imaging, and nonsurgical tissue biopsy (the triple test) [21]. In haplotype analyses, the haplotype GA increases the risk and haploid GG decreases the risk in BF and BC. Our research indicated that the PON1 rs662 SNP might be a risk factor for BF and BC. The results of this research indicated that the locus of rs662 in PON1 is relevant to risk of developing BF and BC in the females of Guangxi. Further prospective studies are needed to support our conclusions.

Implementation of the Publicly Funded Prenatal Screening Programme in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 affected the entire healthcare system in Poland, causing medical personnel to be relocated to other duties and limiting patients’ contacts with healthcare professionals. A large part of the planned diagnostics and treatment was delayed due to lack of equipment and personnel. Against this background, we analysed the implementation of the publicly funded prenatal screening programme (PSP) in Poland compared to the previous year. This is a cross-sectional study. We used nationwide datasets on the implementation of the prenatal testing programme over the period 2019–2020, datasets from the Statistics Poland on birth and the data on the development of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. In the year 2020, we observed a 12.41% decrease in woman enrolled to the programme compared to 2019. However, the decrease concerned only women under 35 years of age. With respect to the number of deliveries in the calendar year, the number of patients enrolled in the programme decreased by 3% (31% vs. 34%, p < 0.001). We also observed an increase in estriol measurements per the number of patients included in the programme, and a reduction in the number of PAPP-A tests in the first trimester, which proves an increased share of the triple test in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations. With respect to the number of deliveries, the number of amniocentesis procedures performed under PSP decreased by 0.19% (1.8% vs. 1.99%, p < 0.0001). In 2020, compared to the previous year, the number of patients included in the prenatal testing programme in Poland decreased. In terms of the number of births in Poland, the number of integrated screening tests also decreased, at the expense of increasing the percentage of triple tests. There were also significant reductions in the number of invasive diagnostic tests.

Factors related to use of prenatal screening tests at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in 2021

Purpose: To examine the rate of use of prenatal screening tests and the factors related to the use of prenatal screening tests in pregnant women at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Participants and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 350 pregnant women who came for prenatal screening at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Results: 62% of pregnant women performed fetal ultrasound; 59.1% used Double test. 20.6% and 28.6% of pregnant women performed Triple test and NIPT. Only 25.4% of pregnant women used prenatal screening test according to the correct gestational age. The results indicated that the factors related to the use of the prenatal screening test included age, academic level, times of pregnance, previous results of screening tests, counseling. Specifically, the participants in the age group older than 30 years old, with a university degree or higher using the prenatal screening tests were higher at 5.26 times and 3.08 times compared to younger and lower educated participants. The participants with the second time or more of pregnance, risks from previous test results and counseled for prenatal screening tests using prenatal screening tests were 3.80 times, 3.22 times and 2.57 times compared to the participants with the first pregnancy, the previous normal test results, and without prenatal screening test counseling. Conclusion: These findings suggested that nurses and health care providers who are responsible for pregnant women should pay more attention to strengthen health education, timely counseling to raise awareness of pregnant women, especially in the group of pregnant women over 30 years old, with low education level, abnormal previous test results about the importance of prenatal screening tests, to help pregnant women make the right decisions to take the right prenatal screening tests in protecting the health of both mother and fetus.

Abstract P2-11-18: Weekly evaluation of α estrogen and progesterone receptors in women´s breast epithelium after oral combined hormonal contraceptive use for one month

Abstract Introduction: The increased risk of breast cancer is the most controversial and most feared adverse effect of combined oral contraceptives (COC) by women. The mechanisms by which COC would act on the breast parenchyma leading to its increased incidence, are not yet well known. Objectives: To calculate and compare α estrogen receptor (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the mammary epithelium in the first, second, third and fourth weeks of patients who do not use COC (natural cycle) and those who use one cycle of COC composed of 30 µg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 150 µg levonorgestrel (LNG). Casuistic and Methods: A retrospective study with paraffin blocks of 118 women from February 2001 to February 2004. At the time, women were included in the pre-menopause who had a breast lump with the triple diagnosis of positive benignity and eumenorrheic during the last six months. The study project was analyzed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNIFESP-EPM, under number CEP 1182/06. The patients underwent excision of the breast lumps and adjacent normal breast tissue fragments which were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. 31 patients were excluded and 87 patients were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: group A (with COC) consisted of 42 women who used an COC cycle composed of 30μg of EE and 150μg of LNG, group B (without COC) consisted of 45 women with natural cycles. The immunohistochemical reaction was performed in an automation device and the following antibodies were used: ERα antibody clone SP1 titer 1:500 and PR antibody clone PgR636 titer 1:400. The histological slides were read using conventional optical microscopy. After identifying the epithelial areas, 7 fields with 40X magnification were evaluated. Statistical analysis for parity was performed using Fisher's exact test. At age the Students t-Test was applied. ERα and PR counts were evaluated in the Generalized Estimation Equation (EEG) model. In order to compare the total ERα and PR counts by evaluation and group moments, we used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analyzes were performed using the programs SPSS 20.0 and STATA 12. For all statistical tests the significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) was adopted. Results: The control group (without COC) had a higher mean age of 23.7 ± 5.9 years compared to the study group (with COC) with a mean age of 20.5 ± 5.1 years. Regarding parity, the study group (with COC) had 83.9% of nulliparous versus 73.3% in the control group (without COC). From the EEG model a statistically significant mean difference in ERα expression was observed in the fourth week in the study group (with COC) compared to the control group (without COC) with p &amp;lt;0.001. The comparison of PR expressions in the control group (without COC) in the fourth week or in the late luteal phase (LLP) with the ERα expressions, also in the fourth week (LLP) of the control group (without COC) the mean PR expression was higher and statistically significant than ERα expression with p &amp;lt;0.001. The group of women using COC showed higher average percentages of ERα (p &amp;lt;0.001) and PR (p &amp;lt;0.001) when compared to women in the control group (without COC). Conclusions: The average of expressions of the ERα and PR in users of an COC cycle composed of 30 µg EE and 150 µg LNG higher percentages of ERα (p &amp;lt;0.001) and PR (p &amp;lt;0.001) when compared to women from the control group (without COC). The ERα expression in the study group (with COC) in the fourth week (pause) was higher than the ERα expression in the fourth week (LLP) of the control group (without COC), a statistically significant difference (p &amp;lt;0.001). The expression PR in the fourth week of the control group (without COC) or LLP was higher than the ERα and this difference was statistically significant (p &amp;lt;0.001). Citation Format: Weekly evaluation of α estrogen and progesterone receptors in women´s breast epithelium after oral combined hormonal contraceptive use for one month [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-18.

Pathologic whole exome sequencing analysis in fetuses with minor sonographic abnormal findings and normal chromosomal microarray analysis: case series

Background No current data exists regarding the occurrence of pathological results when using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) analysis in a subgroup of fetuses with minor abnormalities and normal Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) results. Objective Our study aimed to report our experience with in-utero WES abnormal results, found in fetuses with minor anomalies after a normal CMA result. Methods A retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary center, during four years, included collating data regarding fetuses with minor structural abnormalities, normal CMA results, and abnormal triple WES test results. Results Eleven fetuses were included in the study. Eight were with cardiovascular and lymphatic drainage alterations. Two fetuses developed late third-trimester macrocephaly (head circumference ≥ +2 standard deviations), and one fetus had unilateral mildly short and bowed femur bone. In seven cases (63.6%) the parents opted to terminate the pregnancy as a result of the WES analysis results. Conclusion Our case series raises the possibility that fetuses with even minor structural alterations and normal CMA results can have genetic variants revealable only by WES analysis which can provide critical information regarding pregnancy management.

Changes of Intestinal Permeability («Triple Sugar Test») in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Changes of Intestinal Permeability («Triple Sugar Test») in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Prenatal Diagnosis Preferences of Turkish Women and the Association of their Choices with Temperament

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explain which choices Turkish women prefer for prenatal diagnosis more frequently and to find out if there is any association between temperament and decisions through the prenatal diagnostic steps or consistency of decision. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study on pregnant women who admitted to our outpatient clinic based on the responses to a self-administered questionnaire at the time of combined test or triple test as the first prenatal screening test. 198 pregnant completed selfadministered questionnaires comprising 131 questions including Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results: Overall, 88.4% of women were willing to learn if there was an anomaly, whereas 4.5% did not; 7.5% were uncertain. Of the included patients, 87.9% would decide on the screening tests to be performed, 23.2% had a positive attitude on diagnostic tests, and only 13.1% were in favour of termination. No association was found between the temperament scores and positive, negative and indecisive attitudes of the patients. In addition, there was no relation between being decisive and indecisive, and the temperament scores except for cyclothymic scores. Indecisive attitude to termination was associated with higher cyclothymic scores (5 (1– 13) for decisive patients, 7 (0–17 for indecisive patients, p=0.035). Conclusions: We found that affective temperaments measured by the TEMPS-A are not related with the attitudes about prenatal screening or diagnostic tests or termination. Indecisive attitude to termination was associated with higher cyclothymic scores.

Evaluation of the rational use of the cytological method in the diagnostics of the breast diseases using the Yokohama system

Retrospective analysis of the usage of fine needle aspiration breast cytolology has been represented in the present work. The potentialities of cytological diagnostics according to Yokohama system with characteristics of C1–C5 categories were estimated. The results of cytological conclusions of 4778 patients with breast lesions who had been examined in the Altay oncological dispensary during the year were studied. Fine needle aspiration breast cytology was used of outpatients in 89.6 % cases. The largest number of patients with pathological changes in the breast was noted in category C2 with benign processes (75.7 % of all cases). Difficult cases for cytological study, where the method could not guarantee the accuracy of the diagnosis, belong to the C3 and C4 categories (1.9 % of all cases). The cytological conclusion recommended the compulsory usage of the core biopsy. Malignant tumors were identified in 853 (19.9 %) patients with an indication of the histological type of tumors.Thus, the cytological technique (as a part of Triple test) should be chosen for outpatients with breast diseases using the Yokohama writing system (C1–C5 categories) of fine needle aspiration cytology.

Reliability of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) for Diagnosis of Breast Lumps Using Triple Test Assessment

Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) diagnosis of breast lumps with clinical examination and breast imaging (ultrasound and mammogram) and to assess the reliability of FNAC to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions of breast in available histopathological specimen Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of FNAC of breast lumps done in pathology department BMSI from 1st January to 30thJune, 2019 Results: From 950 FNAC cases, FNAC of palpable breast lump constituted 115(12. 3%).fibro adenoma was most common diagnosis 25 cases (25.4%) among the younger age group with mean age 25.6years. 51 cases were diagnosed as suspicious, atypical or malignant on FNAC showed average age 45 years. Two cases with suspicion of phyllodes tumor on ultrasound was confirmed on FNAC Conclusion: FNAC in association with clinical assessment and breast imaging (Ultrasound and Mammogram) is helpful for surgery planning and further management of breast lump. Keywords: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, mammogram, malignant phyllodes

Triple Assessment for the Diagnosis of Carcinoma Breast in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Tripura: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: A combination of invasive and non-invasive procedures, clinical examination, radiological imaging (mammography/ ultrasonography/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)) and fine needle aspiration cytology called the triple assessment test is being increasingly used in place of the more invasive core needle biopsy and histopathology. Aim: To evaluate accuracy of triple assessment in the preoperative diagnosis of patients with breast carcinoma and to determine sensitivity and specificity with regards to histopathology in the diagnosis of the disease. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 61 women of more than 25 years of age having palpable breast lump, attending the surgery Outpatient Department (OPD) and breast clinic of a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to February 2019. Data on socio-demographic status, menstrual and obstetric information, clinical examination performed, mammography, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), High resolution sonography breast and histopathology were recorded into predesigned and pretested proformas and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: Out of total 61 patients participated in the present study, most patients were of 41-50 years of age, with a mean age of 44.23±7.37 years, married, non-vegetarian and without any past history of alcohol consumption. Sensitivity and specificity of triple assessment was 98.3% and 100% respectively. The positive predictive value of Triple Assessment was 100% while the negative predictive value was 66.7%. All values were significantly better than both clinical breast examination and FNAC in detecting malignancies. Conclusion: The triple test was also found to be as accurate in diagnosing breast carcinoma in this geographical region. A patient with a negative triple test report can be safely followed up without the need for biopsy.

Correlation between Body Mass Index and Physical Performance of Lower Extremity in Adult Athletes

Decreased physical performance of lower extremity increases the risk of injury or repetitive injury. Lower extremity physical performance is objectively reflected in lower extremity motor components consisting of triple leg hop test, one leg stance test, star excursion balance test, and agility T-test. A factor associated with decreased physical performance of lower extremity is highly likely because of rising body mass index (BMI). To analyse the association of body mass index of adult athletes and the physical performance of lower extremity. Secondary data from athletes screening of Regional Exercise Center (PUSLATDA) East Java was used in this study. Analyzed variables were including BMI, triple leg hop test, one leg stance, star excursion balance test, agility T-test. Randomization technique was applied to recruit 91 proper respondents. Normality test, Spearman test for calculating the correlation between BMI and triple leg hop test, one leg stance, star excursion balance test, agility T-test was performed with the statistical significance of p?<?0.05. This finding shows that there was a significant correlation BMI and one leg stance foot in athletes, with a correlation coefficient of -0.229 (p-value=0.029). Meanwhile, triple leg hop test, star excursion balance test (SEBT) and agility T-test showed no significant relationship with BMI of athletes. A significant correlation has been found between body mass index and one leg stance test in adult athletes.

STATIN trial: predictive performance of competing-risks model in screening for pre-eclampsia at 35-37 weeks' gestation.

To examine the predictive performance of a previously reported competing-risks model of screening for pre-eclampsia (PE) at 35-37 weeks' gestation by combinations of maternal risk factors, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in a validation dataset derived from the screened population of the STATIN study. This was a prospective third-trimester multicenter study of screening for PE in singleton pregnancies by means of a previously reported algorithm that combines maternal risk factors and biomarkers. Women in the high-risk group were invited to participate in a trial of pravastatin vs placebo, but the trial showed no evidence of an effect of pravastatin in the prevention of PE. Patient-specific risks of delivery with PE were calculated using the competing-risks model, and the performance of screening for PE by maternal risk factors alone and by various combinations of risk factors with MAP, UtA-PI, PlGF and sFlt-1 was assessed. The predictive performance of the model was examined by, first, the ability of the model to discriminate between the PE and no-PE groups using the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) and the detection rate at a fixed false-positive rate of 10%, and, second, calibration by measurements of calibration slope and calibration-in-the-large. The study population of 29 677 pregnancies contained 653 that developed PE. In screening for PE by a combination of maternal risk factors, MAP, PlGF and sFlt-1 (triple test), the detection rate at a 10% false-positive rate was 79% (95% CI, 76-82%) and the results were consistent with the data used for developing the algorithm. Addition of UtA-PI did not improve the prediction provided by the triple test. The AUC for the triple test was 0.923 (95% CI, 0.913-0.932), demonstrating very high discrimination between affected and unaffected pregnancies. Similarly, the calibration slope was 0.875 (95% CI, 0.831-0.919), demonstrating good agreement between the predicted risk and observed incidence of PE. The competing-risks model provides an effective and reproducible method for third-trimester prediction of term PE. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

How Accurately FNAC Reflects the Breast Papillary Lesions?

Context:Diagnosis of papillary lesions of the breast by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is problematic. For this reason, it is situated in the indeterminate zone in classification systems.Aims:To ascertain the accuracy of cytological diagnosis of papillary lesions in distinguishing papillary lesions from non-papillary lesions and to determine whether papillomas can be reliably distinguished from malignant papillary lesions by FNAC.Material and Methods:A total of 346 cases with the diagnoses of breast papillary lesions were selected among 5112 breast FNAC procedures performed in our center. One hundred and thirty-nine cases with excised lesions were included in this study, and their corresponding histology was reviewed.Results:Papillary lesion diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 103 (74.1%) of 139 patients. Cytology and histopathology results were not found to be compatible in 35 (25.2%) cases. The diagnostic accuracy of distinguishing papillary breast lesions as malignant or benign was assessed statistically. According to the cytology–histology comparison, one case was evaluated as false negative (FN) and twelve cases as false positive (FP). Overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC in distinguishing papillary lesions as benign or malignant were calculated as 87%, 97%, 83%, 72%, and 98%, respectively.Conclusions:The diagnostic accuracy of papillary breast lesions classified by FNAC might be improved by careful evaluation together with cytological, radiological, and clinical findings (triple test). Cell block may allow more accurate evaluation of the papillary lesion and can be applied to immunohistochemical examination. It may also facilitate the differentiation of benign/malignant papillary lesions.