Triple Sign Research Articles

Magnetic resonance imaging features of renal synovial sarcoma: a case report

Primary renal synovial sarcoma (SS) was first described in 2000 by Argani, with only a few subsequent cases being reported in the English literature. Herein, we describe a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with right flank pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 6-cm mass in the lower pole of the right kidney. T1 and T2 weighted imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass with triple sign. There was post-contrast enhancement. Imaging, histology and immunostaining together made the diagnosis of SS of the kidney.

Imaging of Synovial Sarcoma with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Synovial sarcoma is the fourth most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma, accounting for 2.5%-10.5% of all primary soft-tissue malignancies worldwide. Synovial sarcoma most often affects the extremities (80%-95% of cases), particularly the knee in the popliteal fossa, of adolescents and young adults (15-40 years of age). Despite its name, the lesion does not commonly arise in an intraarticular location but usually occurs near joints. Histologic subtypes include monophasic, biphasic, and poorly differentiated; the cytogenetic aberration of the t(X;18) translocation is highly specific for synovial sarcoma. Although radiographic features of these tumors are not pathognomonic, findings of a soft-tissue mass, particularly if calcified (30%), near but not in a joint of a young patient, are very suggestive of the diagnosis. Cross-sectional imaging features are vital for staging tumor extent and planning surgical resection; they also frequently reveal suggestive appearances of multilobulation and marked heterogeneity (creating the "triple sign") with hemorrhage, fluid levels, and septa (creating the "bowl of grapes" sign). Two features associated with synovial sarcoma that may lead to an initial mistaken diagnosis of a benign indolent process are slow growth (average time to diagnosis, 2-4 years) and small size (< 5 cm at initial presentation); in addition, these lesions may demonstrate well-defined margins and homogeneous appearance on cross-sectional images. Synovial sarcoma is an intermediate- to high-grade lesion, and, despite initial aggressive wide surgical resection, local recurrence and metastatic disease are common and prognosis is guarded. Understanding and recognizing the spectrum of appearances of synovial sarcoma, which reflect the underlying pathologic characteristics, improve radiologic assessment and are important for optimal patient management.

Mixed-state hall effect in Hg- and Tl-based superconducting thin films containing columnar defects

We have investigated the mixed-state Hall resistivity ρ xy and longitudinal resistivity ρ xx in HgBa 2CaCu 2O 6, HgBa 2Ca 2Cu 3O 8, and Tl 2Ba 2CaCu 2O 8 thin films for various parameters, such as densities of columnar defects, number of CuO 2 planes, and anisotropy ratios, as a function of the magnetic field up to 18 T. The scaling exponent β in ρ xy = Aρ xx β is 1.9 ± 0.1 in the clean limit (CL) at high fields and low T whereas β is 1 ± 0.1 in the moderately clean limit (MCL) at low fields and high T. We also find the triple sign reversal in the HgBa 2CaCu 2O 6 films containing high-density columnar defects. These results can be interpreted within the context of a recent theory based on the midgap states in the vortex core.

Triple sign reversal of the Hall effect inHgBa2CaCu2O6thin films after heavy-ion irradiation

The triple sign reversal in the mixed-state Hall effect has been observed in ion-irradiated ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ thin films. The negative dip at the third sign reversal is more pronounced for higher fields, which is opposite to the case of the first sign reversal near ${T}_{c}$ in most high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors. These observations can be explained by a recent prediction in which the third sign reversal is attributed to the energy derivative of the density of states and to a temperature-dependent function related to the superconducting energy gap. These contributions prominently appear in cases where the mean free path is significantly decreased, such as our case of ion-irradiated thin films.