Triple Production Research Articles

Questioning triple rice intensification on the Vietnamese mekong delta floodplains: An environmental and economic analysis of current land-use trends and alternatives

Large areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta floodplains (VMDF) are protected by high dikes to facilitate three rice crops per year. While this has increased rice production, there is evidence that triple rice systems have negative long-term effects, both environmental and economic. Double rice cropping, or other alternatives, may be more advantageous. We analyzed the costs and benefits of intensive rice systems over time and compared these with alternatives farming systems, based on data collected via field surveys and interviews with farmers in two provinces in the VMDF. Results show that farmers in areas with dikes high enough for triple rice production incurred rising production costs over time. Production costs were 58%–91% higher in high-dike, triple crop areas, than in low-dike double rice crop areas. Higher production costs are mainly the result of increased fertilizer and pesticide use. Profitability of triple rice farming systems was initially 57% more compared to double crop systems. After about 15 years, however, triple rice farmers earned only 6% more than double crop counterparts. Our results indicate that alternative farming systems, such as rice combined with vegetables, fisheries or other flood-based livelihood, could offer greater benefits than intensive rice monocultures. Importantly, these higher benefits can be obtained without the environmental costs and impact currently endured across the delta with triple rice cultivation in high dikes.

A small-molecule compound inhibits a collagen-specific molecular chaperone and could represent a potential remedy for fibrosis

Fibrosis can disrupt tissue structure and integrity and impair organ function. Fibrosis is characterized by abnormal collagen accumulation in the extracellular matrix. Pharmacological inhibition of collagen secretion therefore represents a promising strategy for the management of fibrotic disorders, such as liver and lung fibrosis. Hsp47 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident collagen-specific molecular chaperone essential for correct folding of procollagen in the ER. Genetic deletion of Hsp47 or inhibition of its interaction with procollagen interferes with procollagen triple helix production, which vastly reduces procollagen secretion from fibroblasts. Thus, Hsp47 could be a potential and promising target for the management of fibrosis. In this study, we screened small-molecule compounds that inhibit the interaction of Hsp47 with collagen from chemical libraries using surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore), and we found a molecule AK778 and its cleavage product Col003 competitively inhibited the interaction and caused the inhibition of collagen secretion by destabilizing the collagen triple helix. Structural information obtained with NMR analysis revealed that Col003 competitively binds to the collagen-binding site on Hsp47. We propose that these structural insights could provide a basis for designing more effective therapeutic drugs for managing fibrosis.

Perspectives of the electric power industry amid the transforming global power generation markets

A scenario-based prognosis of the evolution of global power generation markets until 2040, which was developed using the Scaner model-and-information complex, was given. The perspective development of fuel markets, vital for the power generation industry, was considered, and an attempt to predict the demand, production, and prices of oil, gas, coal, and noncarbon resources across various regions of the world was made. The anticipated decline in the growth of the global demand for fossil fuels and their sufficiency with relatively low extraction expenses will maintain the fuel prices (the data hereinafter are given as per 2014 prices) lower than their peak values in 2012. The outrunning growth of demand for electric power is shown in comparison with other power resources by regions and large countries in the world. The conditions of interfuel competition in the electric power industry considering the changes in anticipated fuel prices and cost indicators for various power generation technologies were studied. For this purpose, the ratios of discounted costs of electric power production by new gas and coal TPPs and wind and solar power plants were estimated. It was proven that accounting the system effects (operation modes, necessary duplicating and reserving the power of electric power plants using renewable energy sources) notably reduces the competitiveness of the renewable power industry and is not always compensated by the expected lowering of its capital intensity and growth of fuel for TPPs. However, even with a moderate (in relation to other prognoses) growth of the role of power plants using renewable energy sources, they will triple electric power production. In this context, thermal power plants will preserve their leadership covering up to 60% of the global electric power production, approximately half using gas.

Multiboson interactions at the LHC

This review covers results on the production of all possible electroweak boson pairs and 2-to-1 vector boson fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of 7 and 8 TeV. The data were taken between 2010 and 2012. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings (aTGCs) then follow. In addition, data on electroweak triple gauge boson production and 2-to-2 vector boson scattering yield limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings (aQGCs). The LHC hosts two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS, which have both reported limits on aTGCs and aQGCs which are herein summarized. The interpretation of these limits in terms of an effective field theory is reviewed, and recommendations are made for testing other types of new physics using multi-gauge boson production.

Measurements of properties of strong and electroweak forces with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

These proceedings summarise ATLAS measurements of properties of the strong and electroweak forces in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV during Run-1 at the LHC. The specific measurements presented here are concerned with the gauge symmetries in the Standard Model and related parameters, starting with the production cross section of a W boson in association with jets, the forward-backward asymmetry in the production of Z/γ∗ decaying to electrons or muons and extraction of the effective weak mixing angle. Then a number of measurements specifically probing electroweak processes at very high energies are presented, including the first measurement of triple gauge boson production pprightarrow W(lnu )gamma gamma , the production of a leptonically decaying W boson in association with W or Z boson decaying to jets, electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson, and same-electric-charge diboson production in association with two jets providing the first evidence of electroweak vector boson scattering.

Two-loop corrections to the triple Higgs boson production cross section

In this paper we compute the QCD corrections for the triple Higgs boson production cross section via gluon fusion, within the heavy-top approximation. We present, for the first time, analytical results for the next-to-leading order corrections, and also compute the soft and virtual contributions of the next-to-next-to-leading order cross section. We provide predictions for the total cross section and the triple Higgs invariant mass distribution. We find that the QCD corrections are large at both perturbative orders, and that the scale uncertainty is substantially reduced when the second order perturbative corrections are included.

Sources of Charged Higgs Pair through Double or Triple Higgs Production at Linear Colliders

The production of triple Higgs (H+H-H0), (H+H-h0) and pairwise charged Higgs boson (H+H-) is studied in the context of future linear colliders within the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) type II. The aim is to compare sources of charged Higgs pair through the above processes, that is, double and triple Higgs production. Cross sections are calculated at the leading order in 2HDM type II and Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Several orders of magnitude (~104) enhancement are observed in 2HDM compared to MSSM, while no sizable enhancement is seen in muon collider versus electron-positron collider. The analysis is based on a heavy charged Higgs with mass above 500 GeV. It is found that double charged Higgs production cross section (being the same in 2HDM and MSSM) is few femtobarns, while the triple Higgs production cannot exceed a fraction of femtobarn within the parameter space under study.

Multi-Higgs Boson Production and Self-coupling Measurements at Hadron Colliders

The Higgs boson is the first fundamental scalar to be discovered. A crucial task following this discovery is to directly measure its couplings to the Standard Model content. These include the self-couplings that can be probed via production of multiple Higgs bosons at hadron colliders. I will be discussing recent phenomenological advancements in this direction, focussing on Higgs boson pair and triple production at the Large Hadron Collider and a Future Circular hadron Collider (FCC).

Energy Analysis and Current Value Stream Map Applied to a Typical Triple Concentrate Tomato Paste Production Plant with an Average Production Capacity of 500 ton/day

Energy Analysis and Current Value Stream Map Applied to a Typical Triple Concentrate Tomato Paste Production Plant with an Average Production Capacity of 500 ton/day

Triple Brood Production by Northern Bobwhites

Most aspects of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) life history are well understood and well documented, including their ability to ‘‘double brood’’ (defined as the same hen successfully hatching 2 broods during a single nesting season). Less understood are the ability and/or prevalence of ‘‘triple broods’’ in the life history of bobwhites. Occasional citing in the literature of triple brooding is often unclear as to whether reference is being made to the attempt at hatching 3 broods in a season or actually doing so. This confusion stems from the interchanging use of the words brood and clutch. While Webster defines ‘‘clutch’’ as either 1) a nest of eggs, or 2) a brood of chicks; ‘‘brood’’ is clearly defined as a group of birds hatching at one time. A closer look at the referenced studies reveals incidences of ‘‘triple clutching’’ where a single hen incubated three nests in one summer, but no published record of a true triple brood. The strict definition of triple brood should be: the same hen successfully hatching 3 broods in a single nesting season. Our nest data from radio-tagged birds collected in the Albany, GA area suggest that this phenomenon is extremely rare. From 1992-2016 we radio-tagged and monitored 2,607 hens during the nesting season on our primary study area in Baker County, GA. These birds produced 1,463 incubated nests and hatched 768 broods. Double broods were fairly common (n = 91) and occurred in all but two of the 25 nesting seasons. Only one incidence of true triple brooding has been documented on this study area during this time period. Adult mortality, nest loss, and the limited duration of the nesting season all work against this level of production. While an interesting aspect of the bird’s natural history, the extremely low rate of occurrence makes it insignificant from a population standpoint.

Associated production of the doubly-charged scalar pair with the Higgs boson in the Georgi–Machacek model at the ILC

Abstract Besides the SM-like Higgs boson h , the Georgi–Machacek (GM) model predicts the existence of doubly-charged Higgs bosons H 5 ± ± in the 5-plet representation, which can be seen the typical particles in this model. We first used the latest Higgs boson diphoton signal strength data to find the allowed region at 2 σ confidence level on the plane of the scalar mass values m H and the triple scalar coupling parameter g h H H , and then focus on the study of the triple Higgs production process e + e − → h H 5 + + H 5 − − at the future International Linear collider (ILC). Our numerical results show that, the values of the production cross section are very sensitive to the triple Higgs coupling strength g h H H and can reach the level several fb in the reasonable parameter space. Considering the same-sign diboson decay H 5 ± ± → W ± W ± , the expected discovery reach at the future ILC experiments are also studied.

Self-coupling of the Higgs boson in the processespp→ZHHH+Xandpp→WHHH+X

To gain some sense about the likelihood of measuring the Higgs boson quartic coupling, we calculate the contribution to the triple Higgs production cross section from the subprocesses $q\bar{q}\to ZHHH$ and $q\bar{q}'\to WHHH$. Our results illustrate that determining this coupling, or even providing experimental evidence that it exists, will be very difficult.

Electroweak radiative corrections to triple photon production at the ILC

In this paper, we present the precision predictions for three photon production in the standard model (SM) at the ILC including the full next-to-leading (NLO) electroweak (EW) corrections, high order initial state radiation (h.o.ISR) contributions and beamstrahlung effects. We present the LO and the NLO EW+h.o.ISR+beamstrahlung corrected total cross sections for various colliding energy when $\sqrt s \ge 200 {\rm GeV}$ and the kinematic distributions of final photons with $\sqrt s = 500 {\rm GeV}$ at ILC, and find that the NLO EW corrections, the h.o.ISR contributions and the beamstrahlung effects are important in exploring the process $e^+e^- \to \gamma\gamma\gamma$.

The transformational potential of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in Tanzania: assessing the concept’s cultural legitimacy among stakeholders in the solar energy sector

ABSTRACTWhile energy-sector emissions remain the biggest source of climate change, many least-developed countries still invest in fossil-fuel development paths. These countries generally have high levels of fossil-fuel technology lock-in and low capacities to change, making the shift to sustainable energy difficult. Tanzania, a telling example, is projected to triple fossil-fuel power production in the next decade. This article assesses the potential to use internationally supported Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to develop solar energy in Tanzania and contribute to transformational change of the electricity supply system. By assessing the cultural legitimacy of NAMAs among key stakeholders in the solar energy sector, we analyse the conditions for successful uptake of the concept in (1) national political thought and institutional frameworks and (2) the solar energy niche. Interview data are analysed from a multi-level perspective on transition, focusing on its cultural dimension. Several framings undermining legitimacy are articulated, such as attaching low-actor credibility to responsible agencies and the concept’s poor fit with political priorities. Actors that discern opportunities for NAMAs could, however, draw on a framing of high commensurability between experienced social needs and opportunities to use NAMAs to address them through climate-compatible development. This legitimises NAMAs and could challenge opposing framings.

Triple Higgs boson production at a 100 TeV proton-proton collider

We consider triple Higgs boson production at a future 100 TeV proton-proton collider. We perform a survey of viable final states and compare and contrast triple production to Higgs boson pair production. Focussing on the $hhh \rightarrow (b\bar{b}) (b\bar{b}) (\gamma \gamma)$ final state, we construct a baseline analysis for the Standard Model scenario and simple deformations, demonstrating that the process merits investigation in the high-luminosity phase of the future collider as a new probe of the self-coupling sector of the Higgs boson.

Increasing profitability and water use efficiency of triple rice crop production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

SUMMARYRice production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam is threatened by future water scarcity caused by changing rainfall patterns and increasing irrigation costs. To improve resilience of the triple rice farming system to future climate-related stresses, profitability needs to be increased through water use efficiency, fertilizer management and planting methods.During four cropping seasons in 2011–13, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation was applied in the triple rice production area within An Giang Province, Vietnam. An issue with the application of AWD is the prevalence of acid sulphate soils in the Mekong Delta. Three types of irrigation management were tested; continuously flooded (CF) where the water in the paddy was maintained at 5 cm; AWD where the water level was allowed to fall to 15 cm below the ground surface, at which point the field was irrigated until the water level was at 1 cm above the ground surface (designated −15 cm); AWD where the water level was allowed to fall to 30 cm below the ground surface before irrigation until the water level was at 1 cm above the ground surface (designated −30 cm). Two further experiments were also undertaken which examined the planting method (transplant v. direct sowing) and phosphorus rate on rice yield. There was no effect on yield caused by P fertilizer rate and irrigation management in any year, and there was no significant effect on soil pH or salinity caused by irrigation management. Overall net profitability was greatest for the AWD treatments because of the reduction in pumping and labour costs in the dry season. Transplanted rice improved yields, but the labour cost reduced overall profitability. The study shows that AWD (−15 cm) can be safely applied in acid sulphate soil areas within the triple rice areas of An Giang Mekong Delta and saved at least 0·27 of total irrigated water quantity used during three of the six cropping seasons. The increased profitability of the AWD rice production system will help to improve the resilience of triple rice cropping systems to future water scarcity.

Neutral triple vector boson production in Randall-Sundrum model at the LHC

In this paper, triple neutral electroweak gauge boson production processes, viz. \gamma\gamma\gamma, \gamma\gamma Z, \gamma ZZ and ZZZ productions merged to 1-jet have been studied at the leading order in QCD in the context of Randall-Sundrum model at the LHC with center of mass energy \sqrt{S}=13 TeV. Decay of Z bosons into lepton-pairs has been considered. We present a selection of kinematical distributions matched to parton shower and show their deviation from the SM results as a result of the RS model. The uncertainties as a result of the factorization and renormalization scales are also presented.

NLO QCD + NLO EW corrections to WZZ productions with leptonic decays at the LHC

Precision tests of the Standard Model (SM) require not only accurate experiments, but also precise and reliable theoretical predictions. Triple vector boson production provides a unique opportunity to investigate the quartic gauge couplings and check the validity of the gauge principle in the SM. Since the tree-level predictions alone are inadequate to meet this demand, the next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation becomes compulsory. In this paper, we calculate the NLO QCD + NLO electroweak (EW) corrections to the $W^{\pm}ZZ$ productions with subsequent leptonic decays at the $14~{\rm TeV}$ LHC by adopting an improved narrow width approximation which takes into account the off-shell contributions and spin correlations from the $W^{\pm}$- and $Z$-boson leptonic decays. The NLO QCD+EW corrected integrated cross sections for the $W^{\pm}ZZ$ productions and some kinematic distributions of final products are provided. The results show that both the NLO QCD and NLO EW corrections are significant. In the jet-veto event selection scheme with $p_{T,jet}^{cut} = 50~ {\rm GeV}$, the NLO QCD+EW relative corrections to the integrated cross section are $20.5\%$ and $31.1\%$, while the genuine NLO EW relative corrections are $-5.42\%$ and $-4.58\%$, for the $W^+ZZ$ and $W^-ZZ$ productions, respectively. We also investigate the theoretical dependence of the integrated cross section on the factorization/renormalization scale, and find that the scale uncertainty is underestimated at the LO due to the fact that the strong coupling $\alpha_s$ is not involved in the LO matrix elements.

Rice Straw Management by Farmers in a Triple Rice Production System in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam

Rice Straw Management by Farmers in a Triple Rice Production System in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam

Evidence of Wγγ Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=8 TeV and Limits on Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter reports evidence of triple gauge boson production pp→W(ℓν)γγ+X, which is accessible for the first time with the 8 TeV LHC data set. The fiducial cross section for this process is measured in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb^{-1}, collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012. Events are selected using the W boson decay to eν or μν as well as requiring two isolated photons. The measured cross section is used to set limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the high diphoton mass region.