Triple Patterns Research Articles

Intramuscular innervation patterns of the brachialis muscle

The aim of this study was to provide accurate anatomical descriptions of the patterns of innervation of the brachialis muscle by the musculocutaneous, radial, and median nerves. Sihler's staining method was applied to 20 brachialis muscles from 10 cadavers to reveal the intramuscular distribution patterns of the musculocutaneous, radial, and median nerves. Three patterns of innervation of the brachialis muscle by the three studied nerves were found: single, double, and triple. These innervation patterns were categorized into four types: Type I--only the musculocutaneous nerve; Type II--double innervation by the musculocutaneous and radial nerves; Type III--double innervation by the musculocutaneous and median nerves; and Type IV--triple innervation by all three nerves. Single, double, and triple innervation patterns occurred 25%, 70% (Type II, 55%; Type III, 15%), and 5% of the samples, respectively. The brachialis muscle is not solely innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve but also by the radial and median nerves, thus making it a potentially triply innervated muscle. Double innervation of this muscle with either the musculocutaneous and median nerve or the musculocutaneous and radial nerves was also observed.

Triple Patterns Extraction for Accessing Data on Ontology

Some web applications use the ontology to integrate multiple data sources because ontology-based data integration is the ideal solution to handle the semantic conflict. For accessing the data on ontology, ontology understanding query such as SPARQL is needed. However, end users enter the unstructured sentence (words, statements, etc.) as an input when they wanted to search the required information on the web. So, it is needed to extract the triplets (i.e. subjects, predicates and objects) from the input query to build the ontology browsing query SPARQL. Although there are many triplet extraction algorithms, either they can't fully define all triple patterns from the incoming query or they are time consuming process. The proposed algorithm presented in this paper can handle this triplet's incompleteness problem and the aim of this system is to extract the specific triplets from incoming query and to add the necessary information for supporting SPARQL query generating process in a time-saving manner. triple patterns from the user input query. Then the mediator automatically generates the SPARQL query to browse the ontology by using the triplets obtained from the triplet extraction algorithm. After the SPARQL query has been generated, the data included in the ontology can be retrieved and returned to the user. There are three main processing phases in ontology based data integration system such as ontology creation, ontology mapping and query service. Extracting the triplets from the user query is one of the most important roles of query service as describe in above. When the user query is submitted to the system, this query is needed to translate to the ontology understanding query SPARQL. The query language SPARQL has a graph-based structure and can be built by combining triple patterns extracted from the user input query (2). If the user input query is unstructured query, it will be more difficult to define whether which words are subjects or objects. The proposed algorithm is able to identify the subjects, predicates and objects in the unstructured query exactly. Currently there are many triplets extraction algorithm for supporting the triple patterns to assist the necessary application. They implement the triplet extraction process based on the parse tree generated by the parser. In this proposed algorithm, triple patterns included in the user input query are extracted with the help of domain specific ontology and machine readable dictionary WorldNet instead of using the parser. So, the processing time of this algorithm is lesser than other parser-based approaches. This paper is organized as follows. In Section II, this paper presents the related work. The system design detail is presented in Section III. It gives in Section IV the description of proposed triplet extraction algorithm. Section V demonstrates the sample query testing and results of proposed algorithm by comparing the result of other competitive algorithms. Section VI concludes with some remarks.

A Theoretical Explanation of Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation Associated with ENSO Modoki during Boreal Winter

Based on a linear model, the present study provides analytical solutions for ideal triple forcing sources similar to sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) patterns associated with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) Modoki in winter. The ideal triple pattern is composed of an equatorially symmetric heat source in the middle and equatorially asymmetric cold forcing in the southeast and northwest. The equatorially symmetric heat source excites low-level cyclonic circulation anomalies associated with Rossby waves in both hemispheres, while the northwestern and southeastern equatorially asymmetric cold sources induce low-level anomalous anticyclones associated with Rossby waves in the hemisphere where the forcing source is located. Low-level zonal winds converge toward the heat sources associated with Kelvin and Rossby waves. Due to unequal forcing intensity in the northwest and southeast, atmospheric responses around the equatorially symmetric forcing become asymmetric, and low-level cyclonic circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere become greater than those in the Northern Hemisphere. Ascending(descending) flows coincide with heat(cold) sources, resulting in a double-cell structure over the regions of forcing sources. Ideal triple patterns similar to SSTA patterns associated with La Ni?a Modoki produce opposite atmospheric responses. The theoretical atmospheric responses are consistent with observed circulation anomalies associated with ENSO Modoki. Therefore, the theoretical solutions can explain the dynamics responsible for atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with ENSO Modoki events.

Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa: Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Incidence and Patterns of Presentation

Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa: Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Incidence and Patterns of Presentation

Abstract A200: Novel assays for predictive diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer: Triple-color FISH increases sensitivity and specificity of EML4-ALK translocation detection in pulmonary adenocarcinomas; FGFR1 amplifications are detectable by FISH in 21% of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.

Abstract Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading health care issues worldwide. Easy, reliable and standardized tests for predictive diagnoses and targeted therapies are needed. A small subset of pulmonary adenocarcinomas (AC) harbor therapeutically relevant EML4-ALK translocations, however FISH-based diagnosis is sometimes compromised by the different types of chromosome 2p rearrangements and tumor cell aneuploidy. The incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SC) of the lung increases dramatically but targeted therapeutic options are not well established for this subgroup of NSCLC. Recently, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification in SC was described to be associated with tumor growth and survival, suggesting that FGFR inhibitors may be a viable therapeutic option in this cohort of patients. Material and Methods: A total of 400 NSCLC samples (routinely processed FFPE material of biopsies and surgical specimens) were included in this study. For detection of EML4-ALK translocations a novel triple color FISH assay was used: two probes labeled orange and green flank the breakpoint region of ALK in telomeric and centromeric direction, and a third probe, labeled in blue, spans the entire EML4 gene. The results of the hybridisation patterns were compared with that of the conventional two color ALK break apart probe. For testing the entire spectrum of ALK translocations also ALK lymphomas and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors were investigated. Normal tissues and breast carcinomas served as negative controls. A dual color FGFR1/CEN8 probe was used to evaluate the prevalence of FGFR1 amplification in SC and to develop an evaluation strategy for FGFR1 FISH assays. Results & Conclusions: Using the triple color EML4-ALK probe specific signal patterns were found for different types of ALK rearrangements. An inversion of chromosome 2p results in (1) split (separated) orange and green signals, (2) a split (doubled) blue signal and (3) a colocalisation (fusion) of the separated orange and green signals with blue signals. Additional specific signals patterns were seen in cases with inversions/deletions and interstitial deletions alone. Even ALK translocations without involvement of EML4 were clearly detectable. Aberrant split/fusion signals were not observed in normal tissues and aneuploid negative controls. The novel triple color split/fusion approach decreases the number of questionable or borderline cases at high sensitivity and specificity and allows the diagnosis of specific types of ALK translocations. Thus we present a novel triple color FISH that leads to an improved detection rate of EML4-ALK translocated patients. Investigating a subset of 254 SC with a two colour FISH assay we found FGFR1 amplifications in 21.3% of SCC but not in AC. We developed an evaluation strategy and observed different FGFR1 amplification patterns. Low amplification levels (as defined by ≥5 FGFR1 signals in ≥50% of tumor cells) were rare with a fequency of 6.3% while high level amplifications (as defined by a FGFR1/CEN8 ratio ≥2.0, or average number of FGFR1 signals per tumor cell nucleus ≥6, or the percentage of tumor cells containing ≥15 FGFR1 signals or large clusters ≥10%) occurred in 15% of all SC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A200.

CHex: An Efficient RDF Storage and Indexing Scheme for Column-Oriented Databases

Abstract —As increasingly large RDF data sets are being published on the Web, effcient RDF data management has become an essential factor in realizing the Semantic Web vision. However, most existing RDF storage schemes, which are built on top of row-store relational databases, are constrained in terms of efficiency and scalability. Still, the growing popularity of the RDF format used in real-world applications arguably calls for an effort to deal with these drawbacks. In this paper, we propose a novel RDF storage and indexing scheme, called CHex, which uses the triple nature of RDF as an asset to implement sextuple indexing for a column-oriented database system. Using binary association tables (BATs) in the column-oriented data model, RDF data is indexed in six possible ways, one for each possible ordering of the three RDF elements. The sextuple indexing scheme in a column-oriented database not only provides efficient single triple pattern lookups, but also allows fast merge-joins for any pair of two triple patterns. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we generate large-scale data sets upto 13 million triples, and devise benchmark queries that cover important RDF join patterns. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms the row-oriented database systems by upto an order of magnitude and is even competitive to the best state-of-the-art native RDF store.

Spatial discrimination learning of electrocutaneous stimuli is influenced by the type of stimulation

Although spatial discrimination of electrocutaneous stimuli can be improved by training, we do not know whether the improvement of spatial discrimination varies as a function of the type of stimulus presentation. In the present study, two groups of healthy human volunteers were trained over a period of 5 days to discriminate 23 patterns of one, two, three, or four simultaneously stimulated electrodes on the upper arm. In group one, two or three simultaneously stimulated electrodes were applied at different skin areas with an anchor electrode. This type of stimulation was hypothesised to facilitate discrimination performance by providing a cue about stimulus patterns applied. In group two, two or three simultaneously stimulated electrodes were applied at different skin areas with electrodes arranged as adjacent electrodes like a zoned field. Double and triple stimulus patterns presented with an anchor electrode were discriminated significantly better than double and triple patterns presented as zoned fields. This improvement in stimulus discrimination resulted primarily from a better discrimination of double stimulation patterns. However, there was a clear influence of spatial distance between simultaneously activated electrodes on the results. Thus, both spatial distances between stimulated electrodes and, to a minor extent, the anchor stimulation per se influenced this result. Furthermore, results revealed an overall significant improvement of stimulus discrimination in both groups and an improvement varying as a function of the number of stimulated electrodes. Overall, results indicate that the improvement of spatial discrimination of electrocutaneous stimuli varies as a function of the type of stimulus presentation.

Triple patterns: Compact specifications for the generation of operational triple graph grammar rules

Triple Graph Grammars (TGGs) allow the specification of high-level rules modelling the synchronized creation of elements in two graphs related through a correspondence graph. Low-level operational rules are then derived to manipulate concrete graphs. However, TGG rules may become unnecessarily verbose when elements have to be replicated from one graph to the other, and their actual derivation cannot exploit the presence of reoccurring patterns. Moreover they do not take advantage from situations in which a normal creation grammar for one of the graphs exists, from which TGG operational rules can be derived to build the other graph. We present an approach to generating TGG operational rules from normal ones, reducing the information needed to derive them, through the definition of Triple Patterns, a high-level, compact, declarative, and visual notation for the description of admissible structures in a triple graph. Patterns can be expressed with respect to classes defined in a meta-model, and instantiated with derived classes at the model level, thus exploiting the inheritance hierarchies. The application of the generated rules results into the (synchronized or batch) creation of the structures specified in the patterns. We illustrate these concepts by showing their application to the synchronized incremental construction of visual models and of their semantics.

Halftoning Method Using Dispersed CMY Dithering and Blue Noise Mask

This article proposes a halftoning method using dispersed CMY dithering with blue noise masks (BNM) to print CMY dots instead of black (K) dots in a bright gray region in a black-and-white (B/W) image. To reduce high granularity in a bright region, dispersed CMY dots using a BNM instead of K dots are spatially assigned to a bright region. First, a threshold is determined to avoid the granularity caused by K dots. Below this threshold, the image made by the BNM is composed of CMYK dots, whereas above the threshold, a dispersed CMY image is made from mutually exclusive C, M, and Y patterns, defined by the stacking constraint of the BNM. To make mutually exclusive C, M, and Y patterns, modified jointly-blue noise masks (MJBNMs) are generated for a grayscale image. As a result of processing a grayscale image, the low-pass filtered error for single and triple patterns where the three mask patterns overlap is minimized. As such, single and triple patterns are used. Experiments demonstrated that the bright regions produced by the proposed method were uniform and sufficiently pleasing when compared to conventional results.

A PATTERN ANALYSIS FOR ULTRASOUND ANOMALIES IN FETUSES WITH NORMAL KARYOTYPE

Two hundred cases of double or multiple anomalies (up to five in the same fetus) out of 828 karyotypically normal fetuses with at least one ultrasound finding were enrolled in the present study. One hundred and sixty patterns belonging to 200 fetuses were found. Then, we included in the final analysis only those double or triple patterns of anomalies with frequency more then 1. Thus, 123 cases and 83 patterns were analyzed. A double pattern was intended as any combination of ultrasound findings present in the same fetus. Exact chi square test was used to evaluate the specificity of the association of the most frequent patterns. The association of patterns was expressed as ratio between observed and expected frequency (O/E) ratio. Pattern analysis was used as statistical tool in order to calculate the number of possible associations of ultrasound finding. Anomalies of fluid distribution, as well as Central Nervous System malformations, and facial malformations were among the most significant associations. Among the triple patterns. Cleft Lip + Cleft Palate + Holoprosencephaly showed the highest degree of association. Antenatal diagnosis of ultrasound finding cans benefits by considering the present results.

Pattern analysis for ultrasound anomalies in fetuses with normal karyotype.

Two hundred cases of double or multiple anomalies (up to five in the same fetus) out of 828 karyotypically normal fetuses with at least one ultrasound finding were enrolled in the present study. One hundred and sixty patterns belonging to 200 fetuses were found. Then, we included in the final analysis only those double or triple patterns of anomalies with frequency more then 1. Thus, 123 cases and 83 patterns were analyzed. A double pattern was intended as any combination of ultrasound findings present in the same fetus. Exact Chi-square test was used to evaluate the specificity of the association of the most frequent patterns. The association of patterns was expressed as ratio between observed and expected frequency (O/E) ratio. Pattern analysis was used as statistical tool to calculate the number of possible associations of ultrasound finding. Anomalies of fluid distribution, as well as Central Nervous System malformations, and facial malformations were among the most significant associations. Among the triple patterns, Cleft Lip + Cleft Palate + Holoprosencephaly showed the highest degree of association. Antenatal diagnosis of ultrasound finding can benefits by considering the present results.

TCD (Triple Charge Division): a novel centroid finding method

A Triple Charge Division (TCD) centroid finding method that uses a zigzag pattern for triple dividing of the cathode plane is introduced for medium length position sensitive detectors. Although the central area of the triple charge division pattern is the widest, both side areas have major roles in position sensing. For the same resolution and linearity, the active region of this pattern is wider than conventional cathode patterns. For the same width, the linearity of TCD centroid finding is much better than position sensing with other patterns. Predicted effects of truncated zigzags are confirmed by experimental results for the central points of the TCD pattern. A new readout method (graded charge division) is introduced for TCD centroid finding because of different distributions of induced charges on the central area and both sides. This readout method is a combination of charge division readout and position grading for three serial segments. The TCD centroid finding method and graded charge division readout were tested using double size, triple charge division patterns (200 mm and 80 mm). Spatial resolution of about 1% of the detector length was achieved.

Effects of Intercropping Oilseeds and Pulses in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

SUMMARYThe effects of intercropping roselle with blackgram, cowpea, soyabean, groundnut and sesame under single, double and triple row planting patterns and at three different intercrop sowing dates were studied from 1983 to 1985. The fibre yield of roselle was reduced by intercropping. The reduction was least with groundnut and greatest with cowpea but was compensated for by the yield of the intercrops. Double and triple row planting systems favoured the productivity of both roselle and the intercrops, increasing the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of the cropping system. The best yields of roselle were obtained when the intercrops were sown 15 days after the roselle.