Triple-junction Tandem Solar Cell Research Articles

Spectral management and current matching optimization for high-efficiency perovskite-CIGS-SnS triple junction tandem solar cells

Low-cost materials are used in this work to make a triple-junction tandem solar cell (TSC). Two-step filtered spectrum and current matching techniques are used to design a perovskite-CIGS-SnS based TSC using a SCAPS-1D simulator. To design a TSC, the top cell (TC) is illuminated with a 1.5AM spectrum, and the unabsorbed spectrum of the TC is utilized for the middle cell (MC). Similarly, the unabsorbed spectrum of the MC is used to illuminate the bottom cell (BC). Additional merits of this work: the perovskite used is a two-dimensional Dion Jacobson (DJ) perovskite, which is more stable than conventional perovskites. The results show that current matching is obtained at active layer thickness (nm) of 365/600/100 for TC/MC/BC, respectively. The proposed solar cell shows a remarkable PV performance of 3.25 V VOC, 9.42 mA/cm2 JSC, 79.3 % FF and 24.27 % PCE.

Optical simulation of triple-junction tandem solar cell based on SnO2 core nanowire array embedded in CZTSe, Cs2SnI6 and CuAlxIn1−xTe2 layers in bottom, middle and top cells, respectively

Optical simulation of triple-junction tandem solar cell based on SnO2 core nanowire array embedded in CZTSe, Cs2SnI6 and CuAlxIn1−xTe2 layers in bottom, middle and top cells, respectively

Highly Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells.

Wide-bandgap metal halide perovskites have demonstrated promise in multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, photoinduced phase segregation and the resultant low open-circuit voltage (Voc) have greatly limited the PV performance of perovskite-based multijunction devices. Here, a alloying strategy is reported to achieve uniform distribution of triple cations and halides in wide-bandgap perovskites by doping Rb+ and Cl- with small ionic radii, which effectively suppresses halide phase segregation while promoting the homogenization of surface potential. Based on this strategy, a Voc of 1.33V is obtained from single-junction perovskite solar cells, and a VOC approaching 3.0V and a power conversion efficiency of 25.0% (obtained from reverse scan direction, certified efficiency: 24.19%) on an 1.04 cm2 photoactive area can be achieved in a perovskite/perovskite/c-Si triple-junction tandem cell, where the certification efficiency is by far the greatest performance of perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells. This work overcomes the performance deadlock of perovskite-based triple-junction tandem cells by setting a materials-by-design paradigm.

Research progress of perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells

The energy conversion efficiency of single-junction solar cells is limited by the Shockley-Queisser theory and the most effective strategy to break through this limit is to fabricate multi-junction tandem solar cells. Perovskite materials offer a continuously tunable energy band structure, which provides a new option for light-absorbing materials in multi-junction tandem cells. In the field of perovskite-based multi-junction tandem solar cells, triple-junction tandem solar cells demonstrating immense potential. The present paper introduces the configuration of triple-junction solar cells and addresses three scientific challenges. 1）Ensuring energy level alignment among sub-cells is a critical concern for three-junction batteries. Specifically, the top wide-band gap sub-cell must possess a band gap ranging from 1.8eV to 2.2eV; however, current perovskite material systems with wide-band gaps exhibit certain defects. 2） attaining current matching in multi-junction tandem solar cells while optimizing the absorption layer and minimizing parasitic absorption is essential to maximize solar cell current output. 3） The functional layers of multi-junction tandem solar cells are sequentially stacked using different deposition methods, thereby imposing higher compatibility requirements on the intermediate interconnect layer. Subsequently, the research progress of perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells is then presented, encompassing perovskite/perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, perovskite/perovskite/organic tandem solar cells, and all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Their respective highest efficiencies are 19.4%, 23.87%, and 27.1%. Finally, this paper examines the research direction for further enhancing the performance of triple-junction solar cells. In addition to augmenting energy conversion efficiency, perovskite-based solar cells must address stability issues in order to achieve future commercialization, thereby offering guidance for the development of efficient triple-junction cells.

Recent advances and opportunities in perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells

We discuss recent advances and outlook for highly efficient perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells.

Monolithic Perovskite–Perovskite–Silicon Triple-Junction Tandem Solar Cell with an Efficiency of over 20%

Here we report a monolithic perovskite–perovskite–silicon triple-junction tandem solar cell with an efficiency of over 20%, an open-circuit voltage of 2.74 V, and a fill factor of 86%, which are the highest values for double- or triple-junction perovskite-based tandems reported to date. The concept and design presented here are an important milestone toward low-cost triple-junction tandem photovoltaics.

Guanidinium-assisted crystallization modulation and reduction of open-circuit voltage deficit for efficient planar FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells

The bromide-based perovskites with wide bandgap have attracted particular interests for the potential ability to serve as front sub-cells of monolithic all-perovskite triple junction tandem solar cells. However, non-radiative recombination induced by crystal defects could cause the massive open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses, which severely disserves the performance of bromide-based perovskite solar cells. Hence, we incorporated guanidinium bromide (GABr) to modulate crystallization and heal charged defects of FAPbBr3-based solar cells. The introduction of GABr provides a non-wetting surface and suppresses heterogeneous nucleation, leading to larger grain size. Notably, nitrogen (N) atoms from GA+ cations are in two differently charged environments, which are ionized ammonium group (–NH3+) and unsaturated N atoms in form of amine or imine group (–NH2 or = NH). Thus, GA+ cations simultaneously heal both positively and negatively charged defects through multi-reactive sites with perovskite. Consequently, introduction of GABr releases microstrain and strengthens lattice structure, further transforms the perovskite from charge-rich to charge-natural region, which comprehensively leads to suppress non-radiative recombination. As a result, the high-quality planar FAPbBr3-based device yielded a PCE of 8.92% with a champion VOC of 1.639 V, which is the highest value among FAPbBr3 solar cells up to date.

High-Efficiency Multiple Quantum Well Triple-Junction Tandem Solar Cell

This work shows the design of a high-efficiency solar cell in an indium-gallium-arsenide/–gallium-arsenide multiple quantum well (MQW) structure. The main concerns regarding the solar cell are its fabrication complexity, design complexity, and efficiency. Tandem solar cells are designed to absorb the maximum amount of solar energy. In a tandem structure, different positive-negative junctions are responsible for absorbing different portions of the solar spectrum. Besides this, the embedded MQW structure also helps to increase the efficiency of the solar cell. The maximum efficiency of the tandem solar cell in the different material structures is reported to be around 45%–46%. Proper matching of different material parameters such as the lattice-matched semiconductor and thickness of the tandem solar cell can increase the efficiency of the solar cell. This paper introduces a tandem solar cell having an efficiency of around 50%. This comparative study shows the improved performance of the proposed solar cell. A graphical user interface is also developed for solar cell simulation.

High efficiency quantum well triple junction tandem solar cell

The efficiency of solar cell depends on how the different portions of the solar spectrum are converted to electric energy. The efficiency of solar cell can be increased by using multi-solar cells in tandem configuration or tandem solar cell. The device structure and material choice of tandem solar cell can affect their efficiency. Incorporating quantum well in the solar cell structure also affects their efficiency. This work proposed a new solar cell structure with efficiency 47%, which is very promising. Different materials of the cell and the embedded quantum well will help to increase the efficiency of this solar cell. The fabrication of the cell is less complicated than other promising solar cell because of single quantum well structure. Comparison with other published work also shows the improved performance of this cell.

Triple-junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells integrated with polymethyl methacrylate subwavelength structure

GaAs-based triple-junction tandem solar cells incorporating an antireflection coating (ARC) consisting of a subwavelength structure (SWS) and bilayer thin films are reported. A high aspect ratio SWS was realized on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using a two-step etched silicon template and a stamping method. The fabricated PMMA SWS consisting of a two-dimensional array of nanoscale needles with a period of 300nm and an aspect ratio exceeding 2.3 exhibited significantly improved optical performance. The average reflectance of the PMMA SWS was reduced from 7.1 to 4.4% as compared to that of the bare PMMA film, which resulted in an improvement of the transmittance from 90.7 to 92.9% in the wavelength range between 300 and 1700nm. By integrating the PMMA SWS together with a TiO2/Al2O3 bilayer AR coating onto the top of an InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell, the surface reflection of the solar cell could be minimized. The integrated PMMA SWS on the bilayer thin film ARC enhanced the power-conversion efficiency (η) of the triple-junction solar cell from 30.2 to 31.6% and from 37.8 to 40.8% under 1 and 157 sun condition, respectively.