Triple Border Research Articles

O USO DOS RITMOS E DANÇAS NA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR

This text is an excerpt from the Master’s Dissertation that addresses THE TRIPLE BORDER OF BRAZIL, PERU AND COLOMBIA: CULTURAL DIVERSITY AS A TEACHING TOOL IN A 3RD YEAR CLASS OF PIO VEIGA STATE SCHOOL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ATALAIA DO NORTE. Brazil is a country made up of great cultural diversity made up of different peoples, Africans, Europeans and indigenous people, each with their own customs, values ​​and beliefs, a mixture of different cultures. Schools located on borders, for example, are schools considered to have a higher rate of cultural diversity, as they are influenced by neighboring cities/countries. It is worth highlighting that Brazil has intense borders with several South American countries. Among these intense borders, in this study we will highlight the Triple Border: Brazil, Peru and Colombia. Although the school is a favorable environment for working with cultural diversity, what has been seen in the school environment is the great difficulty teachers have in integrating these diversities into their pedagogical practices. In this way, the school must assume the role of intermediary, for the study and knowledge of existing cultures within the school environment, through meaningful pedagogical practices. Thus, this study aimed to analyze how the cultural diversity of the triple border can contribute to the student training process.

Hybrid governance, Violence, and Peace Agreement: an analysis of the North Triple Border Area: Colombia, Brazil, and Peru

En el artículo se discute la gobernanza hí­brida como parte de un proyecto de paz de largo plazo que comenzó en 2016 y alcanza al gobierno de Gustavo Petro, firmado en forma de ley, basado en la idea de pacto o tregua, que parte de un arreglo específico denominado “Paz Total”. Se examina la frontera de Colombia con Perú y Brasil pa­ra comprender la distribución y las dispu­tas del Frente Carolina-Ramírez, el Primer Frente y los Comandos Fronterizos (CF). A través de una revisión de los intereses y repertorios de violencia de estos grupos, es posible distinguir tres grupos clave en la persistencia del conflicto armado, donde estos grupos crean órdenes sociales que ri­valizan con el objetivo de paz del gobierno actual. Proponemos cuestionar cómo se re­gula la violencia en estos municipios como resultado del pacto establecido y las formas de gobernanza híbrida, entendida esta úl­tima como la yuxtaposición de la típica gobernanza estatal formal, y la gobernan­za local de carácter no estatal. Siguiendo este objetivo, esta investigación combina una georreferenciación de la presencia de grupos disidentes en la frontera amazónica y su violencia a través del software ArcGIS (Arc Geo-informatic System), los hallazgos se sustentan en una revisión de fuentes se­cundarias como alertas tempranas de la Defensoría del Pueblo e informes de pren­sa. Pretendemos resaltar la importancia de comprender estas dos dimensiones de la regulación de la violencia: a) en regiones donde existe una yuxtaposición entre la presencia de excombatientes y un modo de gobernanza híbrido practicado por actores no estatales; b) la importancia de la dimen­sión contextual para discutir los pactos invi­sibles que permiten un determinado modo de gobernanza y una paz posible.

Lestrimelitta chacoana Roig-Alsina, 2010 (Meliponini, Apidae) in a Semideciduous Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil

The species of the cleptobiotic bee genus Lestrimelitta Friese, 1903 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are generally known as a menace to Meliponiculture and Apiculture, that is why it is common to observe recommendations to beekeepers to avoid the proximity of their meliponaries with any Lestrimelitta hives. So, besides other anthropic pressures, the growth of beekeeping may represent a particular threat to its species. In this note we address the distribution of three species recorded in the triple border region of Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. One of these species, Lestrimelitta chacoana Roig-Alsina, 2010 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), previously described from the Argentinian Dry Chaco, is recorded for the Semideciduous Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil where it was already expected to be found due to its previous record in a contiguous forest type in Northeastern Argentina. A discussion about the characters to differentiate it from two other species is made.

Identification of Adulterants in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using HS-SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis

Food fraud, such as the adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), is found to cause substantial negative impacts on both the economy and the health of consumers. This work was aimed at evaluating 19 EVOO samples commercialized in Foz do Iguaçu, a frontier city located around the triple border of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. To detect the presence of adulteration in EVOO samples, the present study employed gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and headspace solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) in order to evaluate fatty acids composition and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively. The quantitative results obtained from the analysis of fatty acids composition showed that 32% of the EVOO samples were adulterated, presumably with soy oil, due to the high levels of linoleic, linolenic, and myristic acids present in them. Principal component analysis (PCA) conducted using the complete chromatographic aroma profiles obtained from the VOCs helped distinguish authentic EVOO samples from adulterated ones and the country of origin of the samples. The following aromatic compounds were first described, as possible adulterant markers: 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, propyl pentanoate, methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one, and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzene.

Curvas epidêmicas e o perfil de pacientes hospitalizados pela COVID-19 em região de fronteira

Objective: to describe the epidemic curves and analyze the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a triple border city. Method: descriptive-quantitative. The population consisted of COVID-19 cases that required hospitalization, analyzing variables such as: age, gender, race/color, city where they lived, occupation, pregnant woman, institutionalized patient and evolution. Descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used. Results: four epidemic curves were identified in the studied period. Among hospitalized cases, males predominated (55%). Cure was the most frequent outcome in curves 1, 2 and 4, but with no statistical difference (p = 0.2916). Curve 3 showed a higher frequency of deaths (41.70%) in relation to cures (38.77%). The mean ages were significantly different between the curves, with curve 4 having the lowest mean age. Conclusion: it was concluded that the epidemic curves were influenced by different situations; unvaccinated population, easing of restrictive measures, reopening of the Brazil-Paraguay border, interruption of control actions, crowding of people and circulation of new variants of the disease. Through the epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients, it was concluded that being male, of mixed race/color, aged between 61 and 85 years, and being deprived of freedom were associated with hospitalization and the occurrence of death.

Gymnotiform electric fishes of the Tres Fronteras region of the western Amazon

Gymnotiform electric knifefishes are an important yet undersampled component of the Neotropical aquatic biota. We report on the gymnotiform fauna of the Tres Fronteras region located at the triple border of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru in the biodiverse western Amazon. The presence of at least 33 species of gymnotiforms in the Tres Fronteras region is validated from recent sampling efforts and the review of previously collected materials. A key is provided for the identification of the species that have been collected from the region. We comment on the diversity of habitat utilization and intraspecific colour variation of some species.

ANALYSIS OF THE INCOME OF BEEF IN THE CIUDAD DEL ESTE MARKET

The objective of this paper is to analyze the consequences of the entry of beef through the triple border for distributors and merchants of the national product in the Ciudad del Este market. The bibliographic review carried out by the authors addresses three thematic units that revolve around concepts related to the market, the beef market, meat marketing, the irregular entry of beef in Ciudad del Este and the legal provisions that make up the legal framework that regulates this economic activity. The research has a mixed approach, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the data obtained from the study sample. The descriptive research level. Likewise, it is concluded that the entry of beef through the triple border has severe consequences for distributors and merchants of meat products in the Ciudad del Este market.

Perceptions on dynamics and mobilities in the Triple Border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay

AbstractThis study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on border dynamics, mobilities and migration. It focuses on the perceptions around these categories in the Triple Border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, also known as tri‐border area or triple frontier. This region is characterized by contrasting elements, including poverty, inequality and abundant natural resources, as well as a significant flow of people and goods, which may not always conform to legal frameworks. We combine the ethnographic approach with a broader regional perspective, necessary to contextualize the strategies implemented by local population in order to capitalize on the presence of the international frontiers. Finally, we discuss the limitations of public policies that fail to reach those living in the material and symbolic borders of society.

Perinatal Health in Amazon Triple Border Region: Cross-Sectional Analysis Comparing Outcomes in the Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian Population.

To investigate the perinatal outcomes in Brazilian, Peruvian, and Colombian women in a Brazilian reference maternity hospital based at Amazon triple border region. A cross-sectional case study of data from 3242 live birth certificates issued at the Tabatinga public maternity hospital, in the countryside of Amazonas, in the period between January 2015 and December 2017. Maternal and perinatal independent variables were analysed based on central tendency and variability, and frequency distribution for categorical variables. The Pearson's Chi-Square test and univariate analyses were performed to estimate probability ratios (Odds Ratio-OR). Significant differences were found in the education level in the three population groups, as well as in the number of previous pregnancies, antenatal consultations, month of initial prenatal care, and type of delivery. Brazilian pregnant women had more prenatal consultations, caesarean sections, and premature births. Peruvian and Colombian women started antenatal care later, and those with high-risk pregnancies tended to deliver in their home country. Our findings show some singularities in the care of women and infants in the Amazonian triple border region. The Brazilian Unified Health Care System performs an important role in the guarantee of free access to health services, and ensures comprehensive care for women and infants, promoting human rights in border regions regardless of nationality.

Sexual and reproductive health in the triple border: a gender issue

Sexual and reproductive health became part of public health policies as a specific point of discussion and raised numerous problems in relation to gender, which has the concept of building theoretical responses, policies and interventions that can be used to counteract the inequalities of diverse orders sustained from the naturalized differences between men and women. The objective of this study was to raise awareness of the problems faced by women in front of health services in a border region with the theme of sexual and reproductive health. The study is an integrative review, with online search of the LILACS (6,148), BVS (1,880), PUBMED (3,378) and Scielo (1797) databases, using the following descriptive terms: “Health on the Frontier”, Sexual and Reproductive Health ”, “gender”, “female”, “woman”, Primary Health Care”. A greater vulnerability was identified in women regarding sexual and reproductive health as impacts on health care that tend to accompany maternal care, with emphasis on the fact that thousands of Brazilian women die annually due to unsafe abortion practices,

Cross-sectional spatial and epidemiological analysis of canine visceral leishmaniasis cases in the triple border region, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, between 2015 and 2020

Visceral Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne zoonoses in the world. In 2013, the first autochthonous canine case of the disease in the state of Paraná, southern region of Brazil, was reported in Foz do Iguaçu, on the triple border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. In 2015, the first human case was related. Once the endemic was confirmed, the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC), an agency of the Municipal Health Department, started actions to implement the Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (HVL) Surveillance and Control Program (VLSCP), of the Ministry of Health. Between 2015 and 2020, 12,205 dog samples were analyzed for the diagnosis of the disease. A prevalence of 37.94% (4,630 samples) was found: 2016 had the highest prevalence, with 46.25%, and the year with the lowest prevalence was 2020, with 25.98%. Possible risk factors for dogs were analyzed, and the results obtained were: whether the request for the exam was performed by the ZCC was a significant protective factor, with a lower prevalence (37.5%) than dogs coming from private clinics (OR = 0.89, p-value = 0.016). Males were significantly more infected than females, with 41.1% and 35.7% positivity, respectively (OR = 1.24, p < 0.0001). Companion dogs and mixed breed dogs were significantly less affected than the other groups tested (OR = 0.44, p < 0.001; OR = 0.79, p = 0.012, respectively). The dogs' dark coat color was a significant risk factor with respect to the other color categories. Short and medium coat sizes were significantly considered risk factors, with 41.3% and 31.3% positivity. Long-haired dogs had only 22.7% positivity. In univariate analyses, giant, large and medium dogs were significantly more affected than small dogs. Dogs up to four years of age were significantly less affected than those in other age groups. There was a coincidence of human and canine cases in the spatial distribution. However, according to the literature, a higher incidence would be expected in humans, due to the high prevalence found in dogs. Therefore, further studies should be carried out to understand the dynamics of the disease in this region.

Importância e desafios da vigilância em saúde em uma região de fronteira internacional: um estudo de caso

Abstract The objective of This article was to identify the main challenges of promoting health surveillance in a triple border region of the Brazilian legal Amazon. A single explanatory case study was carried out, with a qualitative approach, which used documentary data and interviews. The Results demonstrate that health surveillance is essential for disease control in the studied region. In addition, the differences between the health systems of the three countries that make up the triple border (Brazil, Colombia, and Peru) showed to be the main challenge for establishing health policies.

Um terreiro “muito jovem e muito gay”: tecnologias de persistência e crescimento no M/mundo

Abstract In this manuscript I present how in the city of Tabatinga (AM) -- on the triple border between Brazil, Peru, and Colombia -- the Father Jairo and His Children Network are engaged in a process of persistence, care, and growth in order to traverse a World that presents itself as a threat to their lives and their worlds. This process involves the consolidation of a technology of housing in the World, empowered by the grammar of Umbanda/Macumba, connected with youth, gender, and (homo)sexuality. Its material “ground” is the process of construction of the group’s terreiro. Based on 10 years of ethnography and in dialogue with theoretical discussions regarding cosmopolitics, materialities, and W/world(s) in de/anti/contracolonial perspectives, I argue that through this process, the network has built a world-for-them/us (wƒ#) that enables it to cross the World-as-Threat (WƒT) and to recall the World-as-struggle (W/s): WƒT&gt;&gt;wƒ#&lt;&lt;W/s.

Distribuição dos casos de tuberculose no Paraná: um estudo ecológico, 2018-2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the distribution of tuberculosis cases in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021. Methods: this was an ecological study using secondary data obtained from compulsory notifications; detection rates per 100,000 inhabitants were described according to health regions in the state; percentage changes between 2018-2019 and 2020-2021 were calculated. Results: a total of 7,099 cases were registered. The highest rates were observed in the health regions of Paranaguá (52.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 38.2/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Foz do Iguaçu (34.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 20.5/100,000 in 2020-2021), and the lowest rates in Irati (6.3/100,000 in 2018-2019; 8.8/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Francisco Beltrão (8.5/100,000 in 2018-2019; 7.6/100,000 in 2020-2021); in 2020-2021, it could be seen a decrease in percentage changes in 18 health regions, while there was an increase in four of them, especially Foz do Iguaçu (-40.5%) and Cianorte (+53.6%). Conclusion: high rates were found in the coastal and triple border regions; and there was a decline in detection rates in the pandemic period.

RECURSOS PARA MANUTENÇÃO DA SAÚDE EM PESSOAS PRESAS COM HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL: UMA ABORDAGEM SALUTOGÊNICA

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the generalized resistance resources of people deprived of liberty with systemic arterial hypertension in a triple border region. Method: a qualitative study based on the theoretical framework of Salutogenesis, in which 38 people deprived of liberty in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, participated from February to July 2022. Guiding questions were used in the interviews which were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: 12 generalized resistance resources emerged in the reports of people deprived of liberty with systemic arterial hypertension: health team; access to medications; work; lifestyle habits: food, physical activity and restriction of access to drugs/cigarettes/alcoholic beverages; stress/anxiety control; reading and games; religiosity; family; self-care; cellmates; and employees. Conclusion: people deprived of liberty with systemic arterial hypertension have generalized resistance resources to manage their life and health, which are related to personal care, the social group and the environment. It is noteworthy that once they are identified, the generalized resistance resources can be used by health professionals to manage SAH, other chronic diseases and aid in health promotion.

Higher education students perception of the importance of exsiccata for plant taxonomic identification

The teaching of Botany, in turn, takes place in a disjointed way and without contextualization, in an approach that makes it difficult to properly learn its concepts. With this, the present work aimed to recognize the importance of botanical collections in the teaching of plant taxonomy for undergraduate students in Science: Biology and Chemistry at the Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM. The research was carried out at the Instituto de Natureza e Cultura–INC/UFAM in the municipality of Benjamin Constant - AM, and a questionnaire was prepared and applied to 20 students from the 6th period addressing popular knowledge with scientific knowledge and the importance of identifying plant species. Through the results obtained, it was found that the questionnaires had a positive return on the students' knowledge about the techniques of exsiccata, since all the students knew how to answer the concept and the necessary scientific methodological procedures. However, only 75% of students are aware of the storage of exsiccates present in the educational institution, showing that there are still students who are unaware of this extremely important scope in the specific area of ​​Botany. It is worth mentioning that the students mentioned that the exsiccata or plant samples are of great importance, since this serves as an identification of plants or species and from the exsiccata it is possible to carry out scientific work or even compare them with other plant species. Therefore, this research is of fundamental importance for a better understanding of the exsiccata and botanical identification in the current context that the university finds itself, in the triple border Brazil x Peru x Colombia, rethinking the way of approaching the botany content, so that the student is interested for the same and does not perpetuate the “botanical blindness”, enabling the perception of the importance of plants in their daily lives. &nbsp

Adaptation of a Human Diagnostic Kit to Detect Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya Viruses in Mosquito Samples (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus): A Contribution to Public Health in the International Triple Border (Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina).

Objective: The objective of this work was to adapt a diagnostic kit developed for humans to identify Dengue (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in females of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and to verify if the occurrence of mosquitoes infected with these three arboviruses are being found in regions with high occurrence of these diseases in humans. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, live mosquitoes were captured between January and June 2020 using 3,476 traps permanently installed in the field were used. After capture, the species were identified, then the females were placed in a pool of 2 to 10 specimens and sent to the laboratory for detection of DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4, ZIKV and CHIKV by RT-PCR using a commercial human kit for arboviruses. Results: Of the 76 mosquito pools collected, six (7.9%) pools tested positive for the DENV2 virus. The DENV-positive mosquitoes were collected in regions with a high incidence of reported cases of Dengue or in adjacent areas. Conclusion: The absence of kits for the detection of these arboviruses in Aedes is a limiting factor and the adequacy of commercial kits, already used for the diagnosis of arboviruses in humans, the results presented demonstrate that it is possible to identify the presence of DENV2 in mosquitoes with the respective kit, reinforcing the use of RT-qPCR as a robust diagnostic tool for epidemiological surveillance allowing managers to receive timely results for decision-making regarding prevention and control actions.

P464 Feline sporotrichosis: an emerging disease in the Brazilian side of the Southern Triple Border

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMSporotrichosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix spp. Transmission can occur through sapronotic, enzootic, and zoonotic pathways. Sporothrix schenckii and S. brasiliensis are the most common etiologic agents in human and animal diseases in Brazil.ObjectivesThe objective of this work is to alert about the emergence of feline sporotrichosis on the Brazilian side of the Southern Triple Border (Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina).MethodsFrom July 2021 to March 2022, biological samples and clinical-epidemiological data were collected from 57 domestic cats with typical sporotrichosis lesions and residents of Iguassu Falls (Foz). The cats were selected through notification of the citizens themselves, health agents of Zoonosis Control Center of Iguassu Falls (CCZ–Foz), veterinarians from private veterinary clinics and hospitals, and the receipt of suspected animals by CCZ–Foz. From the samples, direct mycological examinations and fungal culture were performed and a set of 10 fungal isolates from the microbiological tests were selected for molecular analysis based on calmodulin (CAL) gene sequences. From each collection point, the geographic coordinate was taken using the Google Earth® software and the Quantus Gis software (QGIS) was used to assemble the maps.ResultsOf the 57 samples collected, 45 were considered positive in the microbiological tests (Fig. 1), and the first 10 isolates were identified as S. brasiliensis. Based on clinical-epidemiological, and geographic data (Fig. 2), the following problems associated with feline sporotrichosis in this region were identified: the presence of sporotrichosis positive cats in high-density regions population of Foz; the epidemic profile of the disease with cases spreading quickly by neighborhoods in the South region of the city to neighborhoods in the North region; the easy access to the street and other homes of infected cats, which facilitates the zoonotic and enzootic transmission cycle of this disease; the free movement of animals positive for backyards and vacant lots where they can defecate and even come to death the that feeds the sapronotic cycle; and the profile most associated with the animal positive being that of an uncastrated male, not vaccinated and with little or no access to veterinary services.ConclusionFor being a region of the Triple Frontier, there are many differences in political, administrative, and operational between the Public Health Systems of the three countries, with Paraguay and Argentina, the political-administrative-operational centralization is configured as a great node critical for the development of health actions in an adequate way to the needs at a loco-regional level and, above all, on time for the implementation thereof. With the situational diagnosis provided for this study it is possible to understand the factors that influence the emergence of the disease in Iguassu Falls contributing to the development of programs and specific strategies, focusing on raising the population's awareness of safekeeping practices for your animals; free diagnosis for animals (dogs and cats) suspected of sporotrichosis, and treatment with a free supply of medication for patients animals with a confirmed diagnosis of sporotrichosis.

Bosques monotípicos de Gonopterodendron sarmientoi: ambiente, genética y morfología de los palosantales

Gonopterodendron sarmientoi is a native tree species from Chaco region forest that grows in mixed forest or in pure dense forests (palosantales). Due to habitat destruction and high exploitation, G. sarmientoi is threatened; hence, baseline information about the forests where the species grows is needed to guide future management and conservation programs. The objective of this article is to characterize the environment, genetic diversity and morphology of G. sarmientoi’s palosantales (n=10), in relation to the species’ mixed forests (n=14). For that, along the whole range of the species distribution, we compared the palosantales and mixed forests regarding their composition of plant species and site attributes (soil type and vegetation index), genetic diversity obtained with neutral markers, and leaf and tree morphological traits. The palosantales were characterized by having fewer companion species forests (mean 8; min. 1; max. 14), predominantly with shrub species, in relation to mixed forests (mean 10; min. 8; max. 13). The soils of the palosantales showed high content of clay and low levels of organic carbon and sand. The lowest nutrients sampled sites were palosantales located in the center-west of the species range, in the triple border Argentina-Bolivia-Paraguay, and in the palosantales on Bermejo river paleochannels (Argentina). The vegetation index confirmed the low productivity of palosantales forests (NDVI palosantales 0.38; NDVI mixed forests 0.51). The palosantales were similar in genetic diversity with respect to mixed forest (nucleotide diversity 0.00103 vs. 0.00120; Shannon index 0.89 vs. 1.02, respectively). Morphologically, G. sarmientoi trees in the palosantales were shorter and shrubbier than the mixed forest trees. The forests of G. sarmientoi require focused research that considers the singularities of each type of forest, allowing conservation of the species and the derived ecosystem services.

A TDIC nos cursos de pedagogia da tríplice fronteira Brasil-Venezuela-Guyana

The work seeks to guide reflections on the discussion of Digital Information and Communication Technologies - TDIC - and the approach given to them in the Pedagogy curricula of two Higher Education Institutions located on the border with English Guyana and Venezuela, in the extreme north of the country. Brazil. With the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers around the world were taken by surprise because of the pandemic and challenged to totally change their routines and workspaces, reorienting their practices through the use of digital and remote technologies. Faced with the challenge posed, we focus on looking at this reality through the analysis of teacher training courses, having the state of Roraima-Brazil as a locus and asking the following questions: What are the possible challenges faced by future teachers in the use of TDIC in the territorial context of the Triple Border? What is the importance of training education professionals from the perspective of TDIC? This is a qualitative, documentary and exploratory research, focusing on the curriculum of two undergraduate courses in Pedagogy at public institutions, especially the disciplines that propose to discuss TDICs. As preliminary results, in general, it was possible to verify that both institutions seek to adapt within the possibilities that the moment demanded in terms of remote technologies in the curricula of the mentioned courses. However, there is still a long way to go towards the necessary ethical discussions regarding the other dimensions of technologies that are in need of a more critical debate.