Triple Band-notched Characteristics Research Articles

An Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics for Wearable Application

This work presents a compact UWB antenna with triple band-notched at WiMAX (3.2 GHz to 3.7 GHz), C-band (3.7 GHz to 4.2 GHz) and WLAN (5.15 GHz to 5.35 GHz) for wearable applications. The UWB antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible thin FR-4 substrate. In order to reduce the complexity, only two slots are introduced on the radiating patch instead of three slots to reject each narrow band frequency. In this case, one slot rejects a combination of WiMAX and C-band and the other slot rejects the WLAN frequency band. The UWB antenna on the thin FR-4 material has an overall size of 21×16 mm2, which is very compact and thus, suitable for wearable applications without causing discomfort when worn on-body. Although the antenna is small in size, the performance is not compromised. The UWB antenna has the frequency range from 2.51 GHz to 12.09 GHz, maximum radiation efficiency of 100% and maximum gain of 4 dBi. Nevertheless, the antenna is able to reject the WiMAX and C-band as well as the WLAN band. The simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) results show that the antenna complies with the SAR limit Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protections (ICNIRP) standards for 1 mW input power. Bending investigations performed on different diameters of Styrofoam cylinders shows that the frequency range and the notch bands are not very much affected.

Triple Band-Notch UWB Antenna Embedded with Slot and EBG Structures

In this paper, a planar, compact pentagonal shaped ultrawideband antenna of microstrip line fed offering triple band-notched characteristics response is proposed and investigated. Triple band-notch response can be achieved by creating two inverted U-shaped slots of different size in pentagonal patch, and also electromagnetic band gap structure of hexagonal shape is created near the feed line of UWB antenna. To implement the proposed antenna, RT/DUROID 5880 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness is used. The designed antenna was successfully simulated, developed, and manufactured. The dimension of the suggested antenna is 36 mm × 33 mm × 1.6 mm and has a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with a magnitude of S 11 < − 10 dB , the maximum pass band gain of 4.6 dB and with the exception of the 4.0–4.4 GHz (C-band satellite communication), 5.2–5.8 GHz (WLAN), and 8.0–8.25 GHz (X-band) frequency bands. The suggested antenna has a good return loss, a virtually omnidirectional radiation pattern, and a constant gain throughout operation.

A Compact UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band Notches

This article presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with triple band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna consists of an octagonal patch, fed with a 50 Ω line, which occupies a compact size of 40 mm × 29 mm (0.36λ × 0.26λ, λ is computed using 2.7 GHz frequency) and resonances at a relatively low frequency (2.94 GHz). Specifically, an L-shaped stub, an inverted C-shaped slot, and a pair of U-shaped resonating structures are introduced into the design, which allow antenna to generate three band notches at 3.22-3.83 GHz, 4.49-5.05 GHz and 7.49-8.02 GHz, corresponding to WiMAX band, Indian national satellite (INSAT) band, and X-band satellite frequencies, respectively. In the center of the notched band, the antenna has lower efficiency and gain, essentially indicating that the antenna has good interference rejection performance. To evaluate its performance, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured, and the relevant functional parameters, such as S-parameters, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and radiation property, have been studied.

A circular monopole antenna for bandwidth enhancement using cylinder slots with triple band notch characteristics

SummaryThis article introduces a super wideband along with three notch bands circular patch monopole antenna. The design structure is applicable for microwave and high‐speed wireless devices (2.19 to 25 GHz). In order to create a broad band, a ring dimension circular patch is used. To generate three notch bands, six symmetrical tiny cylinder stubs are introduced on the ground. These notch band frequencies can eliminate unwanted interference from various wireless frequencies, which mainly cover three notch bands: 5.5–7.3, 12.05–14.46, and 17.71–19.5 GHz. The steady radiation, super bandwidth, and stable gain properties expand when the ring patch and line feed are combined. It is excellent for many UWB applications because of its compact size (39 × 29 mm 2) and large bandwidth (166.97% fractional bandwidth). This model employs various size reduction and matching approaches to get a better response. The mechanisms of these structures are identified, and overall performance is compared with parametric analysis, tables, and figure.

A compact triple band-notched quasi-self-complementary UWB MIMO antenna decoupled by SRRs

AbstractIn this paper, a compact four-element quasi-self-complementary (QSC) ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed. Coplanar waveguides fed QSC structure is designed as radiation element to achieve wideband and small size. Besides, regular hexagonal split-ring resonators with single negative properties are designed and added on the back of the substrate to obtain high isolation in the whole operating band. Moreover, a double-fork-shaped slit is etched in each radiating element to generate three notched bands covering 3.63–4.24, 5.15–5.98, and 7.17–8 GHz. The experiment results indicate that the isolation of the proposed antenna is higher than 22 dB and the peak gain varies from 2.5 to 6.7 dB in the entire band of 3–18 GHz, which demonstrates that it is suitable for UWB applications.

3D asymmetric super wide band (SWB) MIMO antenna system with band notch for antenna-in-package (A-I-P) applications

A UWB/SWB asymmetric 3D MIMO antenna with triple-band notch characteristics is proposed for Antenna-in-Package (A-I-P) applications. The proposed UWB/SWB radiators are placed on every side of a 3D cube-shaped polystyrene material. Each side of the cube contains two square UWB/SWB antennas with a hexagonal loop decoupling structure. Further, to reduce the mutual coupling between the radiators, each pair of antennas is placed asymmetrically on alternating sides of the cube block. The size of each pair of antennas is , and the overall size of the antenna is . The most significant properties of the antenna such as , , and radiation pattern are studied, Moreover, MIMO parameters such as ECC, DG, TARC, and CCL are analyzed. Therefore, the proposed asymmetric 3D antenna is suitable for off-device applications.

Compact Triple Band Notched Pentagonal Shaped UWB Antenna Loaded with Slots and Parasitic Resonator

In this paper, a compact, planar printed microstrip line fed pentagonal shape ultra-wideband antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed and investigated. By incorporating a pair of mirrored Γ-shape, a pair of mirrored L-shape slots in the pentagonal patch and bent C-shape parasitic strip at the backside of a patch, the tunable band notched responses are realized. The proposed antenna is fabricated on Rogers RO3003 substrate with permittivity 3.0 and thickness of 0.76 mm. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna having dimensions of 32 × 24 × 0.76 mm3 has a bandwidth over the frequency band 2.7-10.6 GHz with S11 ≤ -10 dB (VSWR ≤ 2), except in WiMAX band (3.27-3.85 GHz), WLAN band (5.6-5.95 GHz) and ITU-T band (7.84-8.46 GHz). The presented antennas show dipole- like patterns in E-plane and omnidirectional in H-plane, minor group delay variation, and nearly constant gain at operating frequencies.

Tri-Strip Monopole Antenna for LTE, WLAN and WiMAX Communication Applications

In this research, we present a Tri-strip monopole antenna for LTE, WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and WIMAX (Wireless interoperability for microwave access) Applications. This is due to the fact that wireless applications is not needed to connect all operating frequencies simultaneously, Which will effect improving functionalities without increasing size of antenna. A miniaturized triple wideband coplanar waveguide-fed patch antenna with the defected ground structure isused for LTE, WLAN and WIMAX applications. The proposed antenna with overall size of 40 mm×40 mm×1mm and the design simulation are carried on a Rogers RT/ duroid 5880 substrate using HFSS v.13.0 simulation software. The proposed antenna shows the gain of 9dB at notch band frequency therefore it is good for its working conditions. Moreover, the proposed antenna is fabricated with a new metamaterial approach by placing the unit cell we have observed the triple band notch characteristics and depth in resonant frequency. There is enhancement in gain and radiation patterns, return loss is analyzed and parametric analysis is presented for optimization of antenna. The average gain that is observed through the band is 3.5dB and the average radiation efficiency that is observed for the model is 94%.

Design of SWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Multipurpose Wireless Applications

A compact concentric structured monopole antenna for super wide band (SWB) applications with triple notch band characteristics is designed and experimentally validated. The antenna covers an immense impedance bandwidth (1.6–47.5 GHz) with sharp triple notch bands at 1.8–2.2 GHz, 4–7.2 GHz, and 9.8–10.4 GHz to eliminate interference from co-existing advanced wireless services (AWS), C bands, and X bands, respectively. By loading an E-shaped stub connected at the top of the patch and by etching a split elliptical slot at the lower end of the radiating patch, the band rejection characteristics from 1.8–2.2 GHz for the AWS and 4–7.2 GHz for the C band are achieved, respectively. Further, by making use of a C-shaped resonator near the feed line, band rejection from 9.8–10.4 GHz for the X band is obtained. By varying the parameters of the antenna, the notch bands are controlled independently over a wide range of frequencies. The antenna provides good radiation characteristics, constant group delay response, and better gain over the pass band. The experimental results indicate that the designed antenna offers a remarkable reduction in gain and high variation in group delay over the stop bands. To characterize the wideband property and linear phase response of the designed antenna, its time-domain performance is extensively described and evaluated, which assure pulse transmission with minimum distortion.

A Miniaturized MIMO Antenna With Triple Band-Notched Characteristics for UWB Applications

In this paper, a novel compact four-element ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of four slot antenna elements with a common rhombic slot, each feeding by a microstrip-fed line to greatly reduce the overall size of the antenna. It has a compact size of 34 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times34$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. The high isolation and polarization diversity are achieved by placing the four microstrip-fed lines perpendiculars to each other, while a parasitic strip is employed as a decoupling structure between adjacent microstrip-fed lines to further improve isolation. Moreover, the proposed antenna can achieve triple band-notched characteristics by embedding L-shaped and C-shaped slots on each radiator and loading electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures next to micro-strip feeders respectively. As a result, the proposed antenna obtains three notched bands of 3.3-3.9 GHz, 5-6 GHz, and 7.4-8.5 GHz, which are in good agreement with the interference bands of WiMAX (3.3-3.7 GHz), WLAN (5.15-5.875 GHz) and X-band (7.3-8.5 GHz), respectively. The antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured. The results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 2.5-12 GHz (except for the three notched bands). Besides, the isolation among the elements, envelope correlation coefficient, radiation characteristics, efficiency, realized gain, and total active reflection coefficient are also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the proposed antenna can be a good candidate for UWB-MIMO wireless communication applications.

A compact UWB antenna with triple band notch reconfigurability

AbstractA compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with reconfigurable triple band notch characteristics is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of a coplanar waveguide-fed top-cut circular-shaped radiator with two etched C-shaped slots, a pair of split-ring resonators (SRRs) on the backside and four p-type intrinsic n-type (PIN) diodes integrated in the slots and SRRs. By controlling the current distribution in the slots and SRRs, the antenna can realize eight band notch states with independent switch ability, which allows UWB to coexist with 5G (3.3–4.4 GHz)/WiMAX (3.3–3.6 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz), and X-band (7.9–8.4 GHz) bands without interference. By utilizing a nested structure of C-shaped slots and SRRs on the backside, a compact size of 18 × 19.5 mm2 is achieved along with multimode triple band notch reconfigurability. The antenna covers a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz. A prototype is fabricated and tested. The simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

Ultra-Wideband Planar Antenna with Notched-Band for WIMAX, WLAN and MSAT Applications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) with triple band notch characteristics was presented. WIMAX, WLAN and Meteorological Satellite (MSAT) frequency bandwidths were rejected in the UWB planar antenna composed from a single layer conductor element. Frequency bandwidths for WIMAX, WLAN and MSAT are allocated at 3.3~3.7, 5~6 and 7.4~8.4GHz, respectively. Conductor element etching method was used as the means to realize the band notch characteristics as it was considered convenient and simple. Two slits were etched on the ground plane while on the elliptical element, a single slit. The slits were designed for simplicity in the means of achieving the desired band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna design was compact and low profile. The antenna performances were compared with the reference antenna and the results were negligible.

Multi‐adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system modelling for prediction of band‐notched behaviour of slotted‐UWB antennas optimised using evolutionary algorithms

This study introduces modelling of multi-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (MANFIS) for predicting the bandwidth and notch frequencies of slotted ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas. Rectangular-shaped printed monopole antennas embedded with U-shaped slots are designed to realise triple band-notch characteristics. A MANFIS model is then developed to predict five output parameters (two cut-off frequency points and three notched frequency points) considering 15 geometrical variables of the designed antennas as the inputs of MANFIS model. Extensive simulation has been performed using HFSS software to generate training and testing data patterns. Two optimisation algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO), are implemented to optimally determine the appropriate values of the fuzzy inference system parameters. For GA-optimised MANFIS model, the percentage error is observed between 1 and 2%, whereas, in PSO-trained MANFIS model, it is observed <1%. The comparative analysis establishes that the PSO-trained MANFIS model precisely predicts the antenna performances. For validating the proposed modelling technique, an optimised configuration of the slotted UWB antenna prototype has been fabricated and characterised.

Design of compact triple band-notched UWB MIMO antenna with TVC-EBG structure

In this editorial, a compact two element Ultra Wide Band Multiple Input Multiple Output (UWB MIMO) antenna with triple-band notch characteristics is presented. A single Two Via Compact Electromagnetic Band Gap (TVC-EBG) structure is used to achieve triple-band notches at WiMAX, WLAN, and X Band. An inverse L-shaped stub is inserted in the ground plane of the antenna to diminish mutual coupling amid antenna elements. Isolation and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is less than −15 dB and 0.015, respectively. The diversity properties like Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Diversity Gain (DG) are less than −10 dB and greater than 9.95 dB respectively. The proposed antenna is designed using a low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of 21 × 36 × 1.6 mm3.

Design of Quad-Port MIMO/Diversity Antenna with Triple-Band Elimination Characteristics for Super-Wideband Applications.

A compact, low-profile, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed quad-port multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO)/diversity antenna with triple band-notched (Wi-MAX, WLAN, and X-band) characteristics is proposed for super-wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed design contains four similar truncated–semi-elliptical–self-complementary (TSESC) radiating patches, which are excited through tapered CPW feed lines. A complementary slot matching the radiating patch is introduced in the ground plane of the truncated semi-elliptical antenna element to obtain SWB. The designed MIMO/diversity antenna displays a bandwidth ratio of 31:1 and impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ − 10 dB) of 1.3–40 GHz. In addition, a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is implanted in the resonating patch to eliminate WLAN (5.5 GHz) and X-band (8.5 GHz) signals from SWB. Further, an L-shaped slit is used to remove Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz) band interferences. The MIMO antenna prototype is fabricated, and a good agreement is achieved between the simulated and experimental outcomes.

A Review of Ultra Wideband Antennas with Band Notched Characteristics

The rapid growth has been observed over the last decades in the field of Ultra-wideband technologies. Due to the large bandwidth and less power consumption UWB system provides an eccentric solution for wireless communication of short range in both reception and transmission. The printed monopole antenna has been preferred for implementing UWB technology due to its distinct features such as ease of fabrication, light weight, low cost, compatibility with other systems etc. Basic requirement for designing these antennas is to avoid the interference by applying the notch band characteristic using different techniques. These techniques are continuously upgraded to improve the performance of the antenna designed under UWB technology with band notch characteristics. In this manuscript, an extensive literature review has been studied and presented on UWB antenna with band rejection characteristics proposed by distinct researchers in the last decade. In the reviewed literature, the existing UWB antennas has been characterized according to notch bands and classified into various categories such as single, dual and triple band notch characteristics. Further, the different techniques applied by the researchers are also explained in detail in the sub-sections. Moreover, the design of different types of UWB antennas has also been discussed in this paper, which may be helpful for the future research work.

Compact Self Complementary UWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Wireless Communications

the objective of this paper is to design and analysis of the Ultra wide Band Micro strip Patch Antenna which covers the Ultra Wide Band 2.9 to 21.5 GHz. To get an optimum results and performance of the projected self complementary UWB antenna depends on the study of dissimilar methods for optimizing the different parameters of the radiating patch along with notch dimensions. The proposed self complementary UWB antenna with overlapped rectangular shape patch and Defected DGS is designed with C-Slot in the radiating patch element and ground with L shaped slot which covers the whole UWB frequency band apart from band notches WLAN (5.125-5.825 GHz) ,Satellite Communications (7.9-8.5 GHz) and Ku band 13.4-14.5GHz.The UWB antenna performance is improved in terms of the Bandwidth by including Rectangular shaped slit between feeding element and the radiating patch. Now a days it is important to avoid existing wireless communication networks from the design of UWB antenna. The self complementary UWB antenna impedance bandwidth from 2.9 GHz to 21.5 GHz with a maximum of return loss S11 -43 dB at operating frequency10.5 GHz and with a Gain of 5.64dB.

Bandwidth Enhancement of a Wide Slot Antenna Using Fractal Geometry for UWB Application with Multiple Notched Bands

In this paper a combination of rectangular and elliptical fractal geometry is applied on a regular hexagonal wide slot antenna fabricated using a FR4 substrate to obtain ultra wide band (UWB) operation. The bandwidth enhancement of the wide slot antenna due to this fractal curve is studied in a step by step manner and the corresponding mathematical analysis is also presented. The comparison of the proposed fractal geometry with the existing fractal geometries is also exhibited. Multiple input multiple output performance of the proposed UWB antenna is also analysed. Two pairs of L-shaped slots are etched on the ground plane and a metallic ring is inserted inside the slot to produce triple band notch characteristics at 3.98 GHz, 5.56 GHz and 7.94 GHz. These three notch bands can avoid interference with existing WIMAX, downlink of C-band satellite communication, WLAN and uplink of X band satellite communication. The proposed band notched UWB antenna exhibits acceptable radiation characteristics with satisfactory gain, high radiation efficiency and constant group delay in the operation band.

A novel UWB reconfigurable filtering antenna design with triple band-notched characteristics by using u-shaped coppers

&lt;span&gt;This paper proposed an UWB antenna with triple reconfigurable notch filters. By presenting there U-shaped coppers in the design, the potential triple interference in UWB applications can be rejected. Six PIN diodes are putted on the coppers to represent the OFF and ON tunable status in order to add reconfigurable characteristics to the UWB antenna. By using this ON and OFF tunable method, the current distribution of the proposed design changes and enables the antenna to have eight operation modes. The results prove that the proposed design can operate over the entire UWB frequency range (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) and can filter out the target signals from the WLAN upper band (5.725 to 5.825 GHz), WLAN lower band (5.15 to 5.35 GHz) and X band frequency system (7.9 to 8.4 GHz) in one of the tunable configurations.&lt;/span&gt;

Compact UWB-MIMO Antenna With High Isolation and Triple Band-Notched Characteristics

A novel and high-performance four-element ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed in the paper. The proposed antenna is designed by using a novel integration technology of the symmetric layout, orthogonal structure, four-directional staircase-shaped decoupling, and multi-slit and multi-slot techniques. The mutual couplings among the antenna elements are significantly reduced by introducing the symmetric orthogonal and separated four-directional staircase-shaped structure. Furthermore, the antenna size is effectively miniaturized, and its impedance bandwidth is broadened by using a two-sided symmetric layout, partial and defected ground structure, the decoupling structure, and multi-slot and multi-slit techniques. Therefore, the antenna has the low-profile structure and a small dimension of 39mm $\times 39$ mm $\times 1.6$ mm. Moreover, the proposed antenna achieves triple band-notched characteristics by embedding different type slots and slits on the square radiating elements, default ground structure, and the decoupling structure, respectively. As a result, the antenna obtains the wider bandwidth of 2.30–13.75 GHz with the notched bands of 3.25–3.75 GHz, 5.08–5.90 GHz, and 7.06–7.95 GHz. The three notched bands are good in agreement with the existing interference bands of WiMAX (3.3–3.7 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.875 GHz), and ${X}$ -band (7.1–7.9 GHz), respectively. In addition, the proposed antenna also has a lower mutual coupling ( $\eta _{\mathrm {mux}}> -3.0$ dB), stable gain, and quasi-omnidirectional radiation patterns at the entire impedance bandwidth. Therefore, a good tradeoff of the performance is obtained for the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna can be a good candidate for UWB-MIMO wireless communication applications, and especially for portable UWB-MIMO systems.