Triphenylamine Groups Research Articles

Third-order nonlinear optical properties based on triphenylamine derivative-based covalent organic frameworks

Nonlinear optics (NLO) is an extremely critical research area. In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted much attention as a potential NLO material. In this study, a series of COF materials with different D-A effects were successfully synthesized based on the excellent electron-donating properties of the triphenylamine group and were prepared into D-A COFs\\KBr sheet materials that can be used for third-order NLO by the KBr−pressing method. The results of the open-aperture Z-scan technique showed that all COFs\\KBr sheets exhibited saturable absorption (SA) behavior at 3 μJ, with nonlinear absorption coefficients (β) of −1.64, −1.23, and −2.02 × 10−9 mW−1 for PT-PA, PT-BD, and PT-TZ, respectively. Theoretical calculations show that the electron transport distance of PT-PA is shorter than that of PT-BD, while the introduction of S atoms makes the D-A effect of PT-TZ stronger than that of PT-BD, and thus the SA properties of PT-PA and PT-TZ are better than those of PT-BD. These works indicate that the COFs\\KBr sheets have a potential application as high-performance NLO materials and also provide an option for COFs powder application in the field of third-order NLO.

Design and synthesis of pyridine-bridged benzothiazole-based D-A system for SRAM memory devices

This study focused on designing small donor-acceptor (D-A) frameworks for resistive memory devices. We synthesized five new organic molecules using pyridine bridged to benzothiazole and various donor moieties (triphenylamine, naphthalene, benzothiophene, t-butyl phenyl, and mesityl group) via Suzuki cross-coupling to study their memory performance. The compounds with triphenylamine and naphthalene exhibited good semiconductor behavior, with a band gap of 3.11 eV and 3.44 eV, respectively. The benzothiazole moiety, employed as a shallow trap in the acceptor segment, demonstrated the SRAM characteristics of all devices. This study examined how varying the potency of electron-donating substituents impacts charge transfer and volatile memory behavior in a small D-A system. Memory devices with triphenylamine and naphthalene donors showed binary SRAM behavior with high ON/OFF ratios of 2.82 × 103 and 2.36 × 103, while t-butylphenyl and mesityl donors exhibited lower ratios of 1.43 × 101 and 4.08 × 101, respectively. All the compounds exhibited switching characteristics at a low threshold voltage of −1 to −1.3 V. The analysis of HOMO, LUMO energy levels, and ESP images of all compounds from the DFT study, collectively indicate charge transfer and trapping are the operative mechanisms in volatile SRAM devices.

A BODIPY derivative for PDT/PTT synergistic treatment of bacterial infections

Phototherapeutic antimicrobials, including photodynamic and photothermal antimicrobials, are considered effective alternatives for antibiotic strategy due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low risk of resistance. Here, a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivative containing triphenylamine groups was co-assembled with Pluronic F-127 (F-127) to form nanoparticles (BICF NPs). BICF NPs have excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties and are demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting and disrupting bacterial biofilms, thereby promoting the healing of subcutaneous abscesses. This work provides a new avenue for antibiotic replacement therapy.

Nanofibrous Covalent Organic Frameworks as the Cathode, Separator, and Anode for Batteries with High Energy Density and Ultrafast-Charging Performance.

To meet the demand for longer driving ranges and shorter charging times of power equipment in electric vehicles, engineering fast-charging batteries with exceptional capacity and extended lifespan is highly desired. In this work, we have developed a stable ultrafast-charging and high-energy-density all-nanofibrous covalent organic framework (COF) battery (ANCB) by designing a series of imine-based nanofibrous COFs for the cathode, separator, and anode by Schiff-base reactions. Hierarchical porous structures enabled by nanofibrous COFs were constructed for enhanced kinetics. Rational chemical structures have been designed for the cathode, separator, and anode materials, respectively. A nanofibrous COF (AA-COF) with bipolarization active sites and a wider layer spacing has been designed using a triphenylamine group for the cathode to achieve high voltage limits with fast mass transport. For the anode, a nanofibrous COF (TT-COF) with abundant polar groups, active sites, and homogenized Li+ flux based on imine, triazine, and benzene has been synthesized to ensure stable fast-charging performance. As for the separator, a COF-based electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibrous separator (BB-COF/PAN) with hierarchical pores and high-temperature stability has been prepared to take up more electrolyte, promote mass transport, and enable as high-temperature operation as possible. The as-assembled ANCB delivers a high energy density of 517 Wh kg-1, a high power density of 9771 W kg-1 with only 56 s of ultrafast-charging time, and high-temperature operational potential, accompanied by a 0.56% capacity fading rate per cycle at 5 A g-1 and 100 °C. This ANCB features an ultralong lifespan and distinguished ultrafast-charging performance, making it a promising candidate for powering equipment in electric vehicles.

Peripheral substituent effect on ‘turn-on’ fluorescence of BODIPY derivatives for sensing benzene moieties

In this work, a series of dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY) derivatives, BT-F, BT-H, and BT-OMe, was prepared to study the peripheral substituent effect on 'turn-on' fluorescent for benzene moieties including benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX). The photophysical- and electrochemical properties of the three compounds were systematically studied by steady-state UV–visible and PL spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry along with DFT calculations. Among various organic solvents, all compounds selectively showed strong 'turn-on' fluorescence in BTX solvents, proving that these compounds can be used as BTX probes. As the portion of BTX increases, the emission band shows a hypsochromic shift, indicating that the enhanced emission originated from exciplex formation in the excited state. Among them, BT-OMe, which has methoxy groups at peripheral positions, showed the highest sensing capability to BTX. The electron-donating nature of the methoxy group enhances the electron population on the BODIPY core and the triphenylamine groups, which results in strong interaction with BTX in the excited state.

Electrochemical and Optical Properties of D-A-A-A-D Azomethine Triad and Its NIR-Active Polymer.

The azomethine TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA with a donor-acceptor-acceptor-acceptor-donor structure has been synthesized and characterized. Azomethine TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA exhibited luminescence properties and a positive solvatochromic effect. Electropolymerization on terminated triphenylamine groups was used to obtain a thin layer of the polyazomethine poly-[TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA]. Further investigation of oxidation/reduction properties of poly-[TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA] via cyclic voltammetry showed that the polymer undergoes two reversible oxidation/reduction processes due to the presence of tetraphenylbenzidine moieties. Electrochromic properties of the polyazomethine poly-[TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA] were investigated via spectroelectrochemistry. It was observed that the polymer in its neutral state is orange, and the color changes to green upon electro-oxidation. The stability of the polymer during multiple oxidation/reduction cycles, response times, and coloration efficiency were also investigated.

Solvent-free mechanosynthesis of Schiff bases derived from thiadiazole with potential application in sensing ionic species and NLO applications

In this work, we report the solvent-free mechanosynthesis of three Schiff bases (SBs) derived from 1,3,4-thiadiazole covalently bonded to indole (Th-In), quinoline (Th-Qn) and triphenylamine (Th-TPA) groups. This green chemistry method showed a drastic reduction in reaction time and avoidance of solvents for obtaining SBs, with good reaction yields. The molecular structures of SBs were investigated by computational chemistry calculations, with global reactivity parameters indicative of electron acceptor behavior, estimation of frontier molecular orbitals, and their theoretical band gaps of 3.49 and 3.4 eV for Th-In and Th-Qn, respectively, and the lowest of 299 eV for Th-TPA. To evaluate the possible NLO response, the hyperpolarizabilities (β) were also estimated, which are several orders of magnitude higher than the urea value used as a reference. The absorption and emission spectra were calculated using TD-DFT. These results showed a larger redshift for Th-TPA, with possible charge transfer processes more intense than those obtained for Th-In and Th-Qn. The photophysical properties of the Schiff bases were determined, with band gap values for Th-In, Th-Qn, and Th-TPA of 2.53, 2.66, and 2.39 eV in solution and 2.77, 2.26, and 2.21 eV in film, respectively. When the SBs were evaluated as potential naked-eye colorimetric chemosensors, colorimetric changes were observed in Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ ions, with Ag+ being the most promising. Z-scan was used to evaluate the nonlinear response of the SBs and showed saturable absorber behavior with self-focusing processes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the electrochemical band gaps, which were 2.70, 2.71, and 1.98 eV for Th-In, Th-Qn, and Th-TPA, respectively. Th-TPA exhibits superior optical and electrical properties among the three SBs investigated. In addition, it exhibits photochromism, which can be used in conjunction with its other properties in NLO and sensor applications.

Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Spin-Orbit Coupled Intersystem Crossing in Hypervalent Phosphorus(V) and Antimony(V) Porphyrin Black Dyes.

Porphyrin dyes with strong push-pull type intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character and broad absorption across the visible spectrum are reported. This combination of properties has been achieved by functionalizing the periphery of hypervalent and highly electron-deficient phosphorus(V) and antimony(V) centered porphyrins with electron-rich triphenylamine (TPA) groups. As a result of the large difference in electronegativity between the porphyrin ring and the peripheral groups, their absorption profiles show several strong charge transfer transitions, which in addition to the porphyrin-centered π → π* transitions, make them panchromatic black dyes with high absorption coefficients between 200 and 800 nm. Time-resolved optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies show that the lowest triplet state also has ICT character and is populated by spin-orbit coupled intersystem crossing.

Unveiling dynamic alterations of lipid droplet polarity during NAFLD-triggered lipophagy utilizing a far-red fluorescent probe with large stokes shift

Lipophagy as a form of autophagy, can degrade lipid droplets, thereby acting as a critical regulator of cellular lipid metabolism, helping maintain the intracellular lipid homeostasis. In this study, we developed LP-SCUN, a far-red fluorescent probe for pinpointing lipid droplets with high sensitivity to solvent polarity. This probe allows for in situ imaging of lipophagy, tracking how lipid droplets move from non-polar to polar environments within lysosomes, leading to noticeable changes in fluorescence signals. The triphenylamine and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether groups of LP-SCUN facilitated its selective binding toward lipid droplets. Significantly, lipophagy and subsequent formation of autolysosomes decreased the environmental polarity, leading to a significant decrease in red fluorescence intensity (λex = 500 nm and λem = 643 nm). As such LP-SCUN was suitable for the in situ and real-time tracking of the cellular lipophagic processes. With this research we used LP-SCUN to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism in liver cells of palmitate-induced hyperlipidemia cell models and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia animal models. The results indicated that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can trigger an increase in cell lipophagy levels, while the inhibition of cell lipophagy can effectively alleviate the damage caused by NAFLD to cells and liver tissue in mice.

Ultrafast response of diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole dyes with large two-photon absorption enhancement as well as AIE property

To study the effect of terminal groups substituent on the two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] structural dyes with diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) as central electron acceptor group, linear/transient absorption spectroscopy, one/two-photon fluorescence spectra, open-aperture [Formula: see text]-scan, and excited states quantum chemical calculations have been performed to systematically study the intermediate product electron acceptor J0 as well as three [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] structural dyes using benzene, triphenylamine and 2,3-methoxy-triphenylamine as terminal electron donors, named as J1, J2, and J3, respectively. The intermediate product electron acceptor itself exhibits a relatively large TPA response, which indicates the DPP group has a large conjugated system. J2, with strong electron-donating ability groups triphenylamine as terminal groups, shows a large TPA cross-section of 534[Formula: see text]GM, which is approximately 10 times larger than that of J1 with weak electron pushing/pulling abilities groups benzene as terminal groups (51[Formula: see text]GM). The result indicates that the electron-donating abilities of terminal groups do play a key role in TPA response. Furthermore, methoxy substituent on the terminal triphenylamine groups can further effectively increase the TPA response, J3exhibits a 15-fold enhancement compared with that of J1. Transient absorption spectra and quantum chemical calculation results are well accorded with the experimental results. Terminal substituents with strong electron donor groups are beneficial for the formation of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. Besides, methoxy substituent in the terminal of triphenylamine groups can further enhance the degree of ICT and induce AIE characteristics in the molecule.

Realization of high performance optical power limiting (OPL) materials by introducing OPL-active metal alkynyl segments into side chains of Pt(II) polyynes

To date, it is still a great challenge to realize high optical power limiting (OPL) ability with excellent visible light transmittance at the same time for organic OPL materials. For example, the carbazole-based Pt(II) polyynes usually showed good visible light transmittance but weak OPL ability. In this work, we designed and synthesized two high performance OPL materials by introducing OPL-active metal alkynyl segments into the side chain of carbazole-based Pt(II) polyynes for the first time. Arranging metal alkynyl in side chains could effectively disrupt the π-conjugation between the polymer backbones and side chains, thus the developed polymers showed excellent visible light transmittance. In addition, with more OPL-active metal alkynyl groups in the side chain, the developed polymers were expected to show good OPL performance at the same time. To further improve the OPL performance, we utilized the triphenylamine and triarylboron groups to manipulate the involvement of the Pt(II) center in transition processes, which could effectively influence the intersystem crossing to enhance the population of triplet states. As a result, the Pt(II) polyyne CzTPA with the triphenylamine group linked to OPL-active metal alkynyl groups in side chains displayed the best OPL performance with the figure of merit σex/σo of up to 7.17, which was much higher than that of state-of-the-art OPL material C60. Therefore, this work demonstrates a promising strategy to develop high performance OPL materials possessing both strong OPL ability and impressively high visible light transmittance at the same time.

Well-defined triphenylamine-containing polymers as hole-transporting layers in solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes via living anionic polymerization

In this study, we conducted anionic polymerization of N-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl-N-(4′-ethenyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (A) incorporating a triphenylamine group as a hole-transporting unit using sec-butyllithium and potassium naphthalenide as initiators in tetrahydrofuran at −30 ℃ for 10 min. The resultant poly(A)s exhibited controlled molecular weights (Mn = 20.9−126.3 kg/mol) and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.12). The living nature of the propagating chain end of poly(A) was confirmed by postpolymerization. Additionally, block copolymerization of A with styrene (St) and 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) was performed to assess its relative reactivity. Copolymerization resulted in the precise synthesis of well-defined block copolymers with poly(A) segments. Thermal properties of poly(A) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Notably, the thermal annealing of poly(A) film at 230 ℃ for 10 min made it insoluble in toluene, indicating its solvent resistance. Thus, poly(A) was used as the hole-transporting layer (HTL) in solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A comparative analysis against a reference device containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) revealed an enhancement in the performance of the OLED comprising thermally annealed poly(A) as the HTL. These results strongly suggest that poly(A) is a promising HTL material for solution-processable OLEDs.

Fluorescent detection of nitrofuran antibiotics with a recordly brilliant covalent organic framework

The antibiotic residues in the water have serious effects on ecological security despite its importance for human in countering bacterium infection. The effective detection of antibiotics in drinking water could give fast, accurate diagnostic evidence, and help prevent antibiotic contamination. Herein, we report a novel fluorescent covalent organic framework (TAPA-BTD-COF) for the highly effective detection of nitrofuran antibiotics. TAPA-BTD-COF is synthesized by condensation of benzothiadiazole and tris(4-aminophenyl) amine. It exhibits an extremely strong blue fluorescence and has a record absolute fluorescence quantum yield (PLQY) in organic solvents. Besides, the COF had strong light-absorption. These properties rendered it very brilliant fluorescence, which is convenient for achieving fluorescent sensing applications. TAPA-BTD-COF exhibited efficient turn-off fluorescence response to four different kinds of nitrofuran antibiotics. Moreover, TAPA-BTD-COF fluorescence sensor exhibited a fast response to nitrofuran antibiotics with a wide detection range and linear relationship, with satisfactory LOD of 0.10 μM. And the rapid response can be achieved within 10 s. Real samples of three kinds of different water and three different kinds of meat were analyzed by adding standard recovery test. The experimental results indicated that the fluorescent sensor exhibited paralleled excellent recovery in comparison with ISO standard liquid-chromatography method. Besides, IR and XPS experiments were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism for this efficient fluorescence sensing. The results revealed a static quenching mechanism by forming electron donor–acceptor adducts between COF sensor electron-rich triphenylamine group and nitrofuran antibiotics electron-deficient nitrofuran groups.

Triphenylamine based oxime ester photoinitiator for LED-induced free radical photopolymerization and 3D printing

With the development of light-emitting diode (LED), it is increasingly important to design and prepare photoinitiators that can be used for LED excitation. We designed and synthesized four new LED oxime ester photoinitiators (TOXEs) based on the triphenylamine group. Among them, the maximum absorption wavelengths of TOXE-3 and TOXE-4 are red-shifted to 402 nm and 397 nm, and have high molar absorption coefficients (ε) of 24315 M-1cm−1 and 29915 M-1cm−1, respectively, which are higher than that of ethenone, 1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl] ethanone 1-(O-acetyloxime) (OXE02, 342 nm, 21836 M-1cm−1), indicating that it can be used in LED polymerization. Investigating the photopolymerization properties of the TOXEs/α, ω-diacryloyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDA) system, under LED@365 nm irradiation, the double bond conversion rate (DC) of TOXE-1 and TOXE-2 were 83 % and 92 %, which were higher than OXE02 (80 %). Under LED@405 nm irradiation, the DC of TOXE-3 and TOXE-4 are 80 % and 78 % respectively, which is higher than that of OXE02 (52 %). To improve the photoinitiation ability of TOXEs, a two-component photoinitiation system using bis(4-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium (Iod) as an additive was tested. The DC of TOXEs has been improved under different light sources. Under LED@480 nm irradiation, the final DC of TOXE-4/Iod/PEGDA is 83 %. In addition, TOXE-3 and TOXE-4 can be applied to the laser cladding deposition (LCD) 3D printers. At the same time, we conduct research and verification on the polymerization mechanism of TOXEs through steady-state photolysis and electron spin resonance spin trapping experiments (ESR-ST). In addition, cytotoxicity assay and thermal stability testing showed that TOXEs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and thermal stability.

Synthesis and performance of novel n-type EC/AIE energy storage electrode materials containing triphenylamine and quinazolin groups

Synthesis and performance of novel n-type EC/AIE energy storage electrode materials containing triphenylamine and quinazolin groups

Mechanofluorochromic behaviors and latent fingerprint detection of triphenylamine-based compounds with mono-/bis-BF2 fluorophores

To better understand the relationship between molecular structure of the mono-/bis-BF2-core compounds and mechanofluoroboron behaviors, two pyridine-based difluoroboron compounds with triphenylamine group (TPA-ts-BF2 and TPA-ts-2BF2) were designed and successfully synthesized, which TPA-ts-BF2 including a BF2 fluorophore and TPA-ts-2BF2 containing the bisBF2 fluorophores. Based on the photophysical properties measurements results, it was found that TPA-ts-2BF2 had more excellent intramolecular charge transfer characteristics than that of TPA-ts-BF2, and exhibited significant aggregation-induced emission activity, however, TPA-ts-BF2 displayed typical aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon. Meanwhile, the emission spectrum of the solid powders of TPA-ts-2BF2 was red-shifted 52 nm after grinding, that of TPA-ts-BF2 was red-shifted 46 nm, which was resulted from crystalline state switching to amorphous state. According to the theoretical calculations, we conjectured that TPA-ts-BF2 with uncoordinated amide linkage moiety had a tendency to forming a more twisted conformance and higher molecular polarity, which made that mechanofluorochromic behavior was worse than that of TPA-ts-2BF2. Additionally, TPA-ts-2BF2 was applied to latent fingerprint detection due to its prime aggregation-induced emission property.

Isoindigo nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor photothermal therapy

The key factor in photothermal therapy lies in the selection of photothermal agents. Traditional photothermal agents generally have problems such as poor photothermal stability and low photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, we have designed and synthesized an isoindigo (IID) dye. We used isoindigo as the molecular center and introduced common triphenylamine and methoxy groups as rotors. In order to improve the photothermal stability and tumor targeting ability, we encapsulated IID into nanoparticles. As a result, the nanoparticles exhibited high photothermal stability and photothermal conversion efficiency (67%) upon 635 nm laser irradiation. Thus, the nanoparticles demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on live tumors in photothermal therapy guided by photoacoustic imaging and provided a viable strategy to overcome the treatment challenges.

Synthesis and Application of Salicylhydrazone Probes with High Selectivity for Rapid Detection of Cu2.

Using the aldehyde amine condensation procedure and the triphenylamine group as the skeleton structure, the new triphenylamine-aromatic aldehyde-succinylhydrazone probe molecule DHBYMH was created. A newly created acylhydrazone probe was structurally characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), NMR, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fluorescence and UV spectroscopy were used to examine DHBYMH's sensing capabilities for metal ions. Notably, DHBYMH achieved a detection limit of 1.62 × 10-7 M by demonstrating exceptional selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ ions in an optimum sample solvent system (DMSO/H2O, (v/v = 7/3); pH = 7.0; cysteine (Cys) concentration: 1 × 10-4 M). NMR titration, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and DFT computation were used to clarify the response mechanism. Ultimately, predicated on DHBYMH's reversible identification of Cu2+ ions in the presence of EDTA, a molecular logic gate was successfully designed.

Building Uniformly Structured Polymer Memristors via a 2D Conjugation Strategy for Neuromorphic Computing.

Polymer memristors represent a highly promising avenue for the advancement of next-generation computing systems. However, the intrinsic structural heterogeneity characteristic of most polymers often results in organic polymer memristors displaying erratic resistive switching phenomena, which in turn lead to diminished production yields and compromised reliability. In this study, a 2D conjugated polymer, named PBDTT-BPQTPA, is synthesized by integrating the coplanar bis(thiophene)-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene (BDTT) as an electron-donating unit with a quinoxaline derivative serving as an electron-accepting unit. The incorporation of triphenylamine groups at the quinoxaline termini significantly enhances the polymer's conjugation and planarity, thereby facilitating more efficient charge transport. The fabricated polymer memristor with the structure of Al/PBDTT-BPQTPA/ITO exhibits typical non-volatile resistive switching behavior under high voltage conditions, along with history-dependent memristive properties at lower voltages. The unique memristive behavior of the device enables the simulation of synaptic enhancement/inhibition, learning algorithms, and memory operations. Additionally, the memristor demonstrates its capability for executing logical operations and handling decimal calculations. This study offers a promising and innovative approach for the development of artificial neuromorphic computing systems.

Electrochemical synthesis of donor-acceptor triazine based polymers with halochromic and electrochromic properties

Two triazine monomers substituted with aromatic α,β unsaturated ketones (chalcones) as connecting arms, holding triphenylamine or carbazole ending groups, were by the first time synthesized using commercial and inexpensive starting materials in just two steps. Triphenylamine and carbazole groups were strategically introduced in order to allow electrochemical polymerization and redox activity of the obtained films. The chalcone, together with the triphenylamine or carbazole outer groups, give rise to the formation of a donor-acceptor systems, allowing the generation of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) electronic transitions and providing basic sites for protonation. Because of the star-like chemical structure of the used triazine, electrochemical polymerization of these monomers conducted to the formation of hyperbranched structures. The polymeric materials exhibited not only electrochromic properties but also showed a halochromic behavior. Spectroelectrochemical studies of the films showed different colorations in the three redox states (neutral, semioxidized and fully oxidized). The color changes are fast and easily detected by the naked eye. Electrochemical parameters such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, optical memory, and long-term stability for both films were obtained and compared. A quasi-solid window-type electrochromic device was assembled using the electrogenerated polymer with the best electrochromic performance and stability. Moreover, the triphenylamine based polymer showed reversible color changes upon acid-base vapor exposure cycles, demonstrating that this polymer can be used not only in electrochromic devices but also in acid vapor sensors.