Tripartite Structure Research Articles

Muddy and sandy conglomerates: Mixing between gravelly slurry flow and substrates in a fan-delta system, Junggar Basin, Northwest China

Mixing of a gravity flow with substrate over which it travels can control flow transformations with implications for the structure of the deposit that is left; however, the effects of mixing in conglomerate-dominated gravelly underflow in lacustrine environments remain poorly understood. This study documents two types of interactions between gravelly underflow and substrate and the resulting conglomerate deposits across a lacustrine fan-delta system in the Junggar Basin, northwest China. The resulting conglomerates are typically massive, poorly sorted, clast-supported without reserve grading; rich in mudstone clasts; and having been emplaced by river-derived hyperpycnal flow. Based on the character of the matrices between the clasts, conglomerates are divided into three sub-categories: (i) muddy (mud-rich) conglomerates with a mainly fine-grained muddy matrix, (ii) sandy (mud-poor) conglomerates with a mainly sandy matrix, and (iii) mud-bearing sandy conglomerates with a coexisting mud-sand matrix. Furthermore, two distinct lithological associations were identified: (i) a regularly recurring tripartite conglomerate unit interlayered with mudstone (S I) and (ii) a regularly recurring tripartite conglomerate unit interlayered with sandstone (S II). Both lithological associations contained a recurring tripartite conglomerate unit with a basic tripartite structure consisting of muddy conglomerates in the lower division, mud-bearing sandy conglomerates in the middle division, and sandy conglomerates in the upper division. There was more sand in the upper layers of the tripartite conglomerate unit matrix. Muddy conglomerates with large amount of mudstone clasts are thought to form through extensive erosion and mixing between the lower part of the flow with mud-substrate on the lake bottom, whereas central mud-bearing conglomerates and upper sandy conglomerates are considered to be generated by successively weaker mixing in the upper part of the flow. The consequent sandy trailing flow resting upon the previously-emplaced tripartite conglomerate unit forms a thinner sandstone bed that acts as a “sand mat” for the next incoming gravelly flow. A single sandy conglomerate bed subsequently forms above when gravel mixes with the sand substrate, as opposed to forming muddy conglomerates that were generated by mud from eroded substrate. Our results show that the erosion and mixing of sediment flow with substrate are important factors in flow transformation and deposition and that the substrate type (muddy or sandy) along the flow path plays a crucial role in controlling flow behavior and reservoir characteristics.

The Reconstruction Logic and Institutional Realization of the Substantiation of Court Hearings in China's Commutation of Sentence and Parole Cases

The manuscript discusses the importance of sentence commutation and parole cases as an essential stage in the execution of criminal judgments, related to both judicial justice and trial authority. To clarify this issue, this article mainly adopts a literature research method to systematically review the research on China's establishment of parole and commutation since its inception, and uses case studies to provide examples to illustrate the existing situations.The author argues that substantive hearings for these cases can remove the issue of "paper-pushing" and strengthen procedural justice, transparency, and judicial justice. The manuscript suggests that the current "tripartite" linear model for parole hearings should be transitioned to a deliberative mode with statements from both prosecution and defense to achieve a substantive hearing. The author proposes that the "tripartite trial structure" reform should be the starting point for reconsidering the legal identity and rights of the participating subjects and their responsibilities.

Revealing the Role of Defect in 3D Graphene‐Based Photocatalytic Composite for Efficient Elimination of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Combined Pollution

Defect engineering can give birth to novel properties for adsorption and photocatalysis in the control of antibiotics and heavy metal combined pollution with photocatalytic composites. However, the role of defects and the process mechanism are complicated and indefinable. Herein, TiO2/CN/3DG was fabricated and defects were introduced into the tripartite structure with separate O2 plasma treatment for the single component. We find that defect engineering can improve the photocatalytic activity, attributing to the increase of the contribution from h+ and OH. In contrast to TiO2/CN/3DG with a photocatalytic tetracycline removal rate of 75.2%, the removal rate of TC with D‐TiO2/CN/3DG has increased to 88.5%. Moreover, the reactive sites of tetracycline can be increased by adsorbing on the defective composites. The defect construction on TiO2 shows the advantages in tetracycline degradation and Cu2+ adsorption, but also suffers significant inhibition for the tetracycline degradation in a tetracycline/Cu2+ combined system. In contrast, the defect construction on graphene can achieve the cooperative removal of tetracycline and Cu2+. These findings can provide new insights into water treatment strategies with defect engineering.

Cathedrals on the light of a butterfly’s wing: the momentary architecture of Virginia Woolf

When discussing ‘How Should One Read a Book?’, Virginia Woolf describes the work of an author as ‘an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building‘, using architecture as an analogy for the structure of a literary work. The ‘formed and controlled‘ structures of Woolf‘s books are here explored through her 1927 novel To the Lighthouse, which she was writing around the same time as her essay on ‘How Should One Read a Book?‘ and for which she drew a diagram of its tripartite structure. While Woolf repeatedly uses imagery that juxtaposes transitory life with fixed buildings, her writing also suggests another more complex, fleeting architecture. This is revealed through an examination of the temporal structures of her novels and the momentary architecture that forms around its inhabitants. The decay and renewal of the house in the middle section of To the Lighthouse extends this further, revealing a precariousness that undermines the qualities of control, constancy, and permanence she had assumed for a building and, by analogy, her ‘formed and controlled‘ structures. Architecture, instead, becomes momentary and precarious. An assembly of architectural short stories reflect on this reversal as they are ‘read‘ by To the Lighthouse – developing the dialogue between the writing of architecture and building of literature, between architectural possibility and the world-making of words within a book. New College Library by Níall McLaughlin, Ursula Meier‘s film Home, the Marshall House by Dow Jones and the Snellman House by Erik Gunnar Asplund are discussed. The study combines a close reading of the text with a drawn analysis that maps To the Lighthouse and Woolf‘s novels while also reconstructing places she inhabited.

“Punish with Impunity”: The Unreliable Narration in “My Purple Scented Novel”

ABSTRACT As the only short story of Ian McEwan in the past 40 years, “My Purple Scented Novel” (2016) deals with the subject of friend betrayal and plagiarism in literary creation. Since this short story is narrated in the first-person narrative of the protagonist Parker Sparrow and in the form of confession deprived of the sense of repentance and shamefulness, the “performativity” of the narration is worthy of study. By adopting the narratological theories of James Phelan and Ansgar F. Nünning, we intend to brand Sparrow as an unreliable narrator, for he has diverged from the value and judgment of the implied author and the massed reader as well to evoke a discussion on ethics. His unreliability is to be gauged in the tripartite structure between textual phenomena, authorial agency and reader response. In this vein, this story underlines the tension created by McEwan and explains how Sparrow, though seeming to have escaped from the punishment of justice, suffers the ethical accusation as a kind of punishment with impunity.

Isaiah’s Structure from Random Forest Regression Analysis

This is the first paper to analyze the tripartite linguistic structure of Isaiah using Random Forest Regression, a supervised machine learning statistical approach.  By predicting the occurrences of ‘judgment’ and ‘hope’ verses, we examine the threefold structure of Isaiah (section 1--chapters 1-39; section 2--chapters 40-55; and section 3--chapters 56-66) for differences in expression within and between each section. We find more inter-sectional homogeneity between sections 1 and 2 than between sections 1 and 3 or between sections 2 and 3, with respect to both judgment and hope word structures. Moreover, analysis of the judgment-vs-hope word structure indicate that section 3 heterogeneity differs significantly from sections 1 and 2 homogeneity, reinforcing the hypothesis that there is indeed a post-exilic authorship of section 3 (Isaiah 56-66).

An Interplay between Mitochondrial and ER Targeting of a Bacterial Signal Peptide in Plants.

Protein targeting is essential in eukaryotic cells to maintain cell function and organelle identity. Signal peptides are a major type of targeting sequences containing a tripartite structure, which is conserved across all domains in life. They are frequently included in recombinant protein design in plants to increase yields by directing them to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or apoplast. The processing of bacterial signal peptides by plant cells is not well understood but could aid in the design of efficient heterologous expression systems. Here we analysed the signal peptide of the enzyme PmoB from methanotrophic bacteria. In plant cells, the PmoB signal peptide targeted proteins to both mitochondria and the ER. This dual localisation was still observed in a mutated version of the signal peptide sequence with enhanced mitochondrial targeting efficiency. Mitochondrial targeting was shown to be dependent on a hydrophobic region involved in transport to the ER. We, therefore, suggest that the dual localisation could be due to an ER-SURF pathway recently characterised in yeast. This work thus sheds light on the processing of bacterial signal peptides by plant cells and proposes a novel pathway for mitochondrial targeting in plants.

A Sartrean analysis of pandemic shaming

In this paper, we analyse the particular phenomena of COVID-19 pandemic shaming. We examine Sartre’s account of the undifferentiated other in the experience of ‘the look’, and his insistence on shame as a foundational relational affect, in order to give a robust theoretical frame to understand how pandemic shaming circulated both online and offline, in targeted and diffuse manners. We focus on two features of pandemic shaming. First, we draw attention to the structural necessity of an audience in acts of pandemic shaming, where the shamer acts on behalf of a community of others, the audience, to perform and enforce a set of standards, values or norms. We turn to the we-experience and collective emotions literature and discuss how the shamer believes themselves to be ‘speaking’ on behalf of a community who share their outrage along with their values. Second, we discuss how the presumption of a collective emotion was frequently mistaken in acts of pandemic shaming, where shaming frequently led to shame backlashes, where the audience revealed themselves not to share the emotion and values of the shamer, consequently shaming the shamer. We argue that Jean-Paul Sartre’s voyeur example is usefully illustrative of the tripartite structure of (1) shamed, (2) shamer and (3) shamer of the shamer that occurs in iterative processes of pandemic shaming, which are accompanied by shaming backlashes. We conclude by reflecting on the socio-historical context for Sartre’s accounts of shame and ‘the look’, namely the German occupation of Paris and Sartre’s experience of the French Resistance movement, and how these yield a particular socio-historical framing that makes evident how the extraordinary pseudo-wartime conditions of COVID-19 rendered atmospheres of distrust and suspicion prevalent.

Structure and Content of BEng Chemical Engineering Programmes in the UK, Relative to the Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education Model

AbstractThe Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education initiative in the USA in the early 2000s proposed a reformed chemical engineering curriculum organised around the three themes of Molecular transformations, Multiscale analysis and a Systems view. It was subsequently observed that few departments in the USA had adopted this structure for their programmes, although several UK programmes appeared already to feature this structure. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to analyse BEng chemical engineering programmes in the UK relative to this tripartite structure, in order to evaluate to what extent the Frontiers model was already represented within UK chemical engineering education. From the 28 UK universities offering IChemE-accredited programmes, the structure and content of 24 BEng programmes were analysed against the tripartite Frontiers structure. All 24 programmes broadly followed the Frontiers structure. The greatest variation between programmes was in the amount of content contributing to the Molecular transformations theme, which varied from 1.4 to 26%. This was also the smallest of the three themes, contributing on average around 10%, compared with 37% for Multiscale analysis and 38% for Systems, with 10% coming from Supporting Competences (such as laboratory and professional skills) and 5% from Other subjects (such as mechanical or electrical engineering or electives). Molecular transformations was generally most prominent in the first year, the second year tended to contribute the most Multiscale analysis content and the final year was dominated by Systems. The Institution of Chemical Engineers’ Accreditation guidance tends to encourage the high Systems emphasis and low Molecular transformations component, in contradiction to the recommendations of the Frontiers initiative. Optional electives and MEng specialisms feature Molecular transformations emphases, the latter less so than in the 2000s, since when the drivers for curriculum development have moved from biosciences and nanotechnology towards energy and sustainability.

The Ethical Turn of Emerging Design Practices

Ignited by the transformative impact of technoscience, diverse alternative design practices have emerged, each distinct from prevailing norms. Within this heterogeneous landscape, a common theme emerges: an inclination toward ethical considerations, closely tied to or stemming from these novel approaches and practices, warranting thorough investigation. This article adopts a dual strategy. First, it introduces technoscience as the catalyst behind this transition, framing the contextual backdrop. Second, based on Jürgen Habermas’s knowledge-interest theory and its tripartite structure, this article focuses on those emerging design practices which deal with ethical and social design, a category that has become especially significant since 2000. The subsequent analysis explores the significant ethical turn within diverse disciplines and these emerging design practices, illustrated across domains. This transformation unfolds in ontological, epistemological, and methodological dimensions, signifying a renewal of design ethics. The article establishes a fundamental framework to comprehend a field without rigid boundaries, facilitating future critique and ongoing design research progress.

ОРУДИЕ ТРУДА КАК ИКОНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ: АЛТАРНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ИЗ ХРАМОВ ДЗАНА-БАИ В МАХАРАШТРЕ

The article deals with a unique object of temple worship from Maharashtra, a Marathi-speaking region of Western India, represented by a tripartite structure having a grindmill as its middle section. The motives for such a layout are found in the poetry of the medieval maid-servant Janabai (13th – 14th centuries), who described in her hymns her love for the god Vitthal / Vithoba from Pandharpur and their special bonds, including his help in grinding grain. The technical assemblage of the three components into the genre scene ‘God grinds together with Janabai’ was first recorded in the introductory lithograph for the chapter 21 of the Bhaktavijay, which established Janabai as an independent character. Published in the middle of the 19th century, this collective hagiography became one of the first samples in Marathi book printing and a source of deduction of ethnocultural and nationalistic meanings throughout the period of the formation of Maharashtrian identity. In addition, in the Marathi bhakti milieu a grind mill and grinding process function as a sustained metaphor drawn from the resources of the philosophy of monism-advaita. It implies final atomicity as a result of ‘crushing’ and ‘grinding’ of duality which leads to merging with the Absolute. Ubiquitously manifested the iconography of the servant and the god, inextricably linked by a millstone in the temples in honor of Janabai, visualizes this metaphor through narratives and heroes rooted in the regional culture.

Genomic insights into a tripartite ancestry in the Southern Ryukyu Islands.

A tripartite structure for the genetic origin of Japanese populations states that present-day populations are descended from three main ancestors: (1) the indigenous Jomon hunter-gatherers; (2) a Northeast Asian component that arrived during the agrarian Yayoi period; and (3) a major influx of East Asian ancestry in the imperial Kofun period. However, the genetic heterogeneity observed in different regions of the Japanese archipelago highlights the need to assess the applicability and suitability of this model. Here, we analyse historic genomes from the southern Ryukyu Islands, which have unique cultural and historical backgrounds compared with other parts of Japan. Our analysis supports the tripartite structure as the best fit in this region, with significantly higher estimated proportions of Jomon ancestry than mainland Japanese. Unlike the main islands, where each continental ancestor was directly brought by immigrants from the continent, those who already possessed the tripartite ancestor migrated to the southern Ryukyu Islands and admixed with the prehistoric people around the eleventh century AD, coinciding with the emergence of the Gusuku period. These results reaffirm the tripartite model in the southernmost extremes of the Japanese archipelago and show variability in how the structure emerged in diverse geographic regions.

Optimal matching for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation

In observational studies, identifying subgroups and exploring heterogeneity is of practical significance. However, causal inference at the individual level is a challenging problem due to the absence of counterfactual outcomes and the presence of selection bias. To address this issue, we propose a general framework called TRIMATCH for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects. First, we find the optimal matching by solving a minimum average cost flow optimization problem in a tripartite graph network structure. Second, with the pseudo individual treatment effects acquired from the previous step, we establish a nonparametric regression model to predict heterogeneous treatment effects for individuals with diverse characteristics. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed matching method and the interpretability of the results.

Ancient turkic goddess of fertility Umai: a mountain and a temple on the Yenisei

In the culture and folklore of the Turkic-Mongolian ethnic groups, as well as the population of Tungus origin, despite the strong rooting of Christianity, Islam and Buddhism, elements of beliefs of their own origin are still clearly noted, including the tripartite structure of the supreme deities – Tengri (divine sky, the highest power in the universe ), Yer-sug (native earth and water) and Umai (providing fertility on earth). There is also a lot of archaeological evidence of the existence of the Umai cult. But at the same time, only in four cases on the planet there are direct indications of the exact place and natural objects where this goddess lives and from where she acts. One of them is Mount Umai and a nearby rock formation, called the “tower” of Umai, on the right bank of the Yenisei at its exit from the West Sayan Canyon. Despite the numerous mentions of the mountain in the folklore of the Khakasses, including in already published materials, it has not yet received a detailed description. The presence of a rock formation of an original form next to it was not mentioned at all in the scientific literature. Thus, an unusually shaped mountain (in the form of a female breast) and a rock formation (looking like a tower) on the Yenisei, in combination, have the characteristics of a sacred center for such a chthonic character as Umai. Both of these natural objects can confidently be included in the number of sacred places associated with it. Based on this evidence, a number of aspects of the history of migrations in Eurasia can be traced, in particular, the boundaries of settlement, the degree of mobility and interethnic contacts, mainly of Turkic-speaking, as well as the population of Tungus-Mongolian origin.

Dermacentor reticulatus – a tick on its way from glacial refugia to a panmictic Eurasian population

The ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus) shows a recently expanding geographic distribution. Knowledge on its intraspecific variability, population structure, rate of genetic diversity and divergence, including its evolution and geographic distribution, is crucial to understand its dispersal capacity. All such information would help to evaluate the potential risk of future spread of associated pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. A set of 865 D. reticulatus ticks was collected from 65 localities across 21 countries, from Portugal in the west to Kazakhstan and southern Russia in the east. Cluster analyses of 16 microsatellite loci were combined with nuclear (ITS2, 18S) and mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) sequence data to uncover the ticks’ population structures and geographical patterns. Approximate Bayesian computation was applied to model evolutionary relationships among the found clusters. Low variability and a weak phylogenetic signal showing an east–west cline were detected both for mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers. Microsatellite analyses revealed three genetic clusters, where the eastern and western cluster gradient was supplemented by a third, northern cluster. Alternative scenarios could explain such a tripartite population structure by independent formation of clusters in separate refugia, limited gene flow connected with isolation by distance causing a “bipolar pattern”, and the northern cluster deriving from admixture between the eastern and western populations. The best supported demographic scenario of this tick species indicates that the northern cluster derived from admixture between the eastern and western populations 441 (median) to 224 (mode) generations ago, suggesting a possible link with the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe.

Spectral Politics in Emir Kusturica's Underground

Spectral Politics in Emir Kusturica's Underground Zina Giannopoulou The film Underground (Dir. Emir Kusturica, 1995) examines the history of the former Yugoslavia—in a state of war from the 1940s to the 1990s—as a palimpsest of catastrophes. The film won the 1995 Palme d' Or in Cannes around the time that the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SRFY) ceased to exist, having been divided into six independent countries. Framed by a prologue and an epilogue, the narrative of the film proceeds in three parts, each signaled by an intertitle. "Part 1—War" begins with the Nazi bombing of Belgrade on 6 April 1941 and shows the beginning of the Partisan resistance until the Allies bomb the remains of Belgrade in 1944; "Part 2—Cold War" marks the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement in Tito's communist Yugoslavia and the opening up of the country to the West; and "Part 3—War" refers to the Bosnian conflict and breakup of former Yugoslavia. Kusturica is known for his raucous portrayals of Balkan life, but Underground's audiovisual and narrative excess sparked a domestic and international controversy. Some critics claim that the film propagates Balkanism by depicting "the impaired moral standards innate in the Balkan social character."1 Others interpret the characters' lust for life as "the authenticity of ordinary Yugoslavs that nourished the utopian impulse for a transnational identity."2 Still others stress the film's self-referentiality, its calling attention to itself as both fiction and document of historical reconstruction.3 Kusturica describes Underground as "a film about manipulation, the way that one or two people can keep large numbers of others in their power. In Tito's time, people were kept in a kind of metaphorical cellar, isolated and believing that they were living the best of lives. And in recent years the people who had kept the others in cellars announced themselves as democrats and promptly created new cellars."4 Instead of seeing these critical strands—wild Balkan passions, extravagance as impulse to a utopian and nostalgic pan-Yugoslavism, and cinematic self-reflexivity—as separate from or mutually incompatible with one another, I synthesize them into a reading that tries to do justice to the complex politics of former Yugoslavia as seen by Kusturica. My focus will be on the epilogue, the film's most spectacular sequence and "the main image that Kovačević and Kusturica (the screenwriters) had in mind when they first started working on the project and that they were determined to use as a metaphor in their film about Yugoslavia."5 I read the epilogue both intratextually, as the last narrative segment of a tripartite structure (the other two segments being the prologue and Part 2/the cellar), and intertextually through the theoretical lens of Derridean spectrality and the event, as articulated mostly in Specters of Marx (1994), a text written at the time Underground was made and grappling with the epistemological, ethical, and political exigencies occasioned by the collapse of the Soviet bloc after the fall of the Berlin Wall. [End Page 4] Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 5] My reading aims to answer two main questions. First, how does Kusturica use time, space, and cinematic self-referentiality to represent the political realities of former Yugoslavia? Given that Underground, like all Kusturica's films, is a specimen of historiographic metafiction, a term coined by Linda Hutcheon for hybrid texts of "fiction that is historically conditioned and history that is discursively structured," how does its inter-threading of history and fiction engage with the Yugoslav past?6 And secondly, how does the Derridean specter help to envision a space and time for Yugoslavia post-mortem that avoids traditional utopianism which Derrida rejects as rooted in ontology and thus closed to the transcendental "possibility of possibilities"?7 I begin with an overview of the film's use of time, space, and cinematic selfreferentiality, and then I examine these elements in the prologue, the cellar, and the epilogue. A brief detour into Derrida's spectrality and the event precedes my reading of the epilogue. Underground, or A Country Under Siege The titular...

The Soviet Passport: The History, Nature and Uses of the Internal Passport in the USSR by Albert Baiburin

Reviewed by: The Soviet Passport: The History, Nature and Uses of the Internal Passport in the USSR by Albert Baiburin Mark Edele Baiburin, Albert. The Soviet Passport: The History, Nature and Uses of the Internal Passport in the USSR. Translated by Stephen Dalziel. New Russian Thought. Polity Press, Cambridge and Medford, MA, 2021. xvii + 451 pages. Illustrations. Appendix. Glossary. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £35.00: $39.60. This book explains everything about the Soviet internal passport you ever wanted to know — and a lot beside. Based on both published and archival sources as well as in-depth interviews with former Soviet citizens about their relationship with and experience of the passport, this book provides a comprehensive history of one of the central documents of Soviet life. In part, this is a history of the tenacity of an institution. Passports were a central tool to try and control population movement under the old regime. As such, they were construed as a means of repression and abolished with the revolution. However, the new regime had as much need to control the circulation of people around this vast empire; and soon efforts to stem this relentless mobility reappeared. At first, as befits a Marxist dictatorship, these were class based rather than universal. Employment booklets were the most important of these, but various other forms of identification were also used to track who was legitimately travelling where. Most did not work very well in practice. And as both mobility and general chaos increased with Stalin's revolution from above at the end of the 1920s and early 1930s a crisis point was reached. In response, the Soviet state introduced internal passports in 1932, which were patterned in many ways on their old regime predecessors. These were, again, not universal documents uniting the citizenry, but issued only to the 'deserving', that is, those of the right social background. 'Passportization' was intimately linked to the system of residency registration (propiska), which regulated who could live in the cities (or in particular cities) and who could not. Hence, the passport became a sign of social status in Soviet society. Collectivized peasants were not eligible for one, which showed their lower-rank position in the Soviet social hierarchy. Only in 1974 was 'passportization' extended to the entire population. Contrary to commonly held assumptions, however, this reform did not free the peasants from their serfdom-like ties to the collective farm: despite holding passports, they could still only leave if the farm administration gave them written permission. Even those who had a passport were not created equal. The passport noted your social origin which, if it was not the 'right one' (i.e., poor peasant or working class) caused problems; your nationality (which, if you were part of 'enemy nations' such as Poles or Germans could cause serious grief, while if you were from a non-Russian but otherwise respected minority you could get special privileges); whether or not you had a prison record; and if you were [End Page 774] excluded from living in 'regime cities' (such as Moscow or Leningrad) or near the border zones. The passport thus anchored the individual in a complex web of stratification which tied the population to the state. Given that your life chances depended on where you were located in this web, the issuing, re-issuing and renewing of passports was enmeshed in complex games of individuals trying to manipulate the system to their least disadvantage. These are described in detail in part three of the book. The Soviet Passport is an inherently multi-disciplinary book. Albert Baiburin is a trained historian teaching in the anthropology department of the European University in St Petersburg and working in the Anthropology and Ethnography Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His history training shows in his careful use of sources while anthropology pushes him to theorize his topic much more than most historians would. This tendency adds to the bulk of the volume as does the overall, tripartite structure: first comes a general history of the Soviet passport regime — the best extant overview over this topic. It is followed by a detailed consideration of the same history from the perspective of the state...

¿A dónde van los muertos?: las crisis de la muerte y las geografías sagradas en el esquema tripartito de los ritos de paso

Within funerary archaeology, contemporary studies on death rites have promoted a series of conceptual needs to understand the commemoration of death and its impact on human sociability from new perspectives. The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual discussion to study the tripartite structure of death rites, and to explore the way in which places of aggregation become sacred geographies to redefine the role of the dead. To this end, concepts structured within the ritual theory are discussed and integrated into a set of ethnographic data compiled from secondary sources on the nukak makú of the Colombian Amazon. The discussion consolidates a series of conceptual and interpretative contributions to understand, based on a perspective of funerary archaeology, how funerary rites are structured and how they can transform the critical and ambiguous status of the dead, by creating sacred geographies of reintegration. The study articulates anthropological and archaeological concepts that enhance the analysis of aspects little explored in Latin American funerary archaeology. These include the relationship between the crises of death, the physiognomy of rites, and the construction of ritualized geographies, operating not only in the physical world, but also in the realm of ideas.

Damaskios’ triadische Theorie des Einen im Hinblick auf ihre Divergenz gegenüber Iamblichos’ und Proklos’ Prinzipientheorien

The metaphysical model developed by Plotinus, the founder of Neoplatonism, is determined by the following three principles: the One, Nous, and Soul. Later, Neoplatonists tried to differentially explain the inner constitution of all three principles without abandoning the fundamental Plotinian tripartite structure. As a result, the telescoped metaphysical model characteristic of early Neoplatonism unfolded in late Neoplatonism. The primordial hypostases of Plotinus became three different spheres of reality, which go through the necessary inner evolution (in a supertemporal sense) and accordingly contain new principles or evolutionary stages. It was also the case with the One. The present paper aims to investigate the triadic constitution of the sphere of the One in Damascius, considered as the last Neoplatonist. This could be of interest in both contexts, i.e., the ancient Neoplatonic and the Christian. On the one hand, the question about the nature and orientation of the late Neoplatonic doctrine of principles requires particular attention, especially given that compared to the Proclean doctrine, Damascius’ doctrine receives less attention. On the other hand, Damascius’ theory of the undivided triadic unity of the three principles making up the sphere of the One, namely the One-all (ἓν πάντα), the All-one (πάντα ἕν), and the United (ἡνωμένον), reveals some interesting similarities to the Christian Trinitarian doctrine. In an argument with Iamblichus and Proclus, Damascius rejects the beyondness of the One to the triad of Limit (= Monas, Father/Existence), Unlimited (= Indefinite Dyad, Power), and Mixed (= Triad, Nous), identifies the One with the first triadic member, and repeatedly emphasizes the absence of number and division in the highest realm of reality. For him, the three members of the triad represent the three undivided moments of the original causal activity of the One in itself.

Perichoresis as a Hermeneutical Key to Ontology: Social Constructionism, Kierkegaard, and Trinitarian Theology

Abstract If humans are created in the image of a trinitarian God, then we might consider that the fundamental ontology of humans would be relational, furthermore to some degree perichoretic. If perichoresis is somehow reflected in human relations (notwithstanding all Creation), perichoresis should be evident analogically in our social relations, theology, and various disciplines of thought. This relational concept of the Church Fathers failed to be further developed because the concept of the Trinity fell from theological focus over the centuries. Today subtle but radical changes are occurring in the field of social psychology and communications theory. Whereas it was once common for modern paradigms to dominate the field, social constructionists have begun to react against the preponderance of typically modern themes as the primacy of the subject or ontological discourse framed exclusively in the language of subject-subject. On the other hand, their work offers a unique opportunity for Christian theology to expand its understanding of perichoresis. For Kierkegaard the relationship itself becomes a positive third term that intensifies the polarities and therefore suggests an alternative tripartite consideration: subject-relationship-subject. From this tripartite relational structure of humanity as differentiated-unity, I am positioned to develop a logic of spirit and explore the possibility of analogia spiritus—the non-reflexive transformational dynamic facilitating holistic change and meaning—as the essential dynamic within perichoresis. This in turn reveals that these dynamics active as human spirit can be analogically correlated in mutual co-conditioning reciprocity in relation to the Trinity and the Eternal activity of the Spirit and Christ.