Tripartite Agreement Research Articles

Optimal Water Allocation for the Transboundary Subernarekha River, India

This paper presents a linear programming model for optimal water allocations in a large river basin system. The model is applied to the transboundary Subernarekha River in India, which has two main stream reservoirs, two barrages, and three small command area reservoirs. The Tripartite Agreement (TPA) among the cobasin riparian states for sharing of its waters is analyzed. The main objective is to find the maximum annual benefits from irrigation and hydropower subject to various constraints on the system. Design constraints as per the TPA relating to the water shares among riparian states (i.e., Bihar, Orissa, and West Bengal) at individual dams and barrages are also considered. Optimal water allocations are obtained based on the 75% water year dependable flow as specified in the TPA. Water shortage and water surplus years have also been considered to determine optical water allocations during the dry and wet years, respectively. The stream reservoirs Chandil and Icha would fail to meet the water demands during the low flow years, whereas the Kharkai and Galudih barrages would essentially satisfy water demands according to the TPA provisions. Results indicate that Bihar is likely to benefit most from the TPA.

A group key agreement protocol from pairings

We propose an n-round key agreement protocol for any N-participants, where 3 n−1 < N ⩽ 3 n , using the tripartite Joux key agreement protocol from pairings in combination with a divide-and-conquer strategy. The security of this protocol is based on the hardness of the bilinear Diffie–Hellman problem and the computational Diffie–Hellman problem.

Weakness in ID-based one round authenticated tripartite multiple-key agreement protocol with pairings

In this paper, we show that the ID-based tripartite authenticated multiple-key agreement protocol by Liu et al. [ID-based tripartite key agreement protocol with pairing, 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2003, pp. 136–143, or available at Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2002/122] is insecure against an unknown key-share attack. And then we propose a more efficient ID-based tripartite authenticated multiple-key agreement protocol to overcome the attack.

Recent developments in international monetary relations[1

Present a paper and an accompanying letter sent to Governor Eccles by Lauchlin Currie, explaining the Tripartite Agreement between Britain, France and the USA and appealing to him to think twice before heeding calls for a return to the gold standard.

Authenticating tripartite key agreement protocol with pairings

In this paper, an authenticated tripartite key agreement protocol is proposed, which is an ID-based one with pairings. This protocol involves only one round. The authenticity of the protocol is assured by a special signature scheme, so that messages carrying the information of two ephemeral keys can be broadcasted authentically by an entity. Consequently, one instance of the protocol results in eight session keys for three entities. In other word, one instance of the protocol generates a session key, which is eight times longer than those obtained from traditional key agreement protocols. Security attributes of the protocol are presented, and the computational overhead and bandwidth of the broadcast messages are analyzed as well.

The Orange Order and the border

Relief was the dominant response of northern loyalists and Orangemen to the tripartite agreement of December 1925, which confirmed the border as defined in 1920. A year later, when the Prime Minister visited Newry to preside over the Grand Orange Lodge of County Down, he and ‘Lady Craig were made the recipients of very handsome presents from the Loyalists and Orangemen of Newry and District in recognition of valuable services in connection with the settlement of the Boundary question’. The agreement promised to end fourteen years of uncertainty, during which the frontier of loyal Ireland had contracted to a point where it seemed barely defensible. Under relentless pressure from successive governments as well as nationalists, the opponents of Irish self-government had effectively abandoned hope for the three southern provinces in 1911, and for the three Ulster counties with large Catholic majorities in 1916. The survival of the Irish Free State remained in doubt until 1923, and the incredibly vague terms for the proposed boundary commission created justifiable fear among loyalists that further attempts would be made to cripple the northern state by massive territorial transfers. Craig’s great success, apart from stifling the northern civil war in June 1922, was to hold the line of the six counties until Cosgrave’s government acknowledged the fait accompli.

Australia's campaign to eradicate bovine tuberculosis: the battle for freedom and beyond

In 1970, voluntary State-based TB control programs in Australia were replaced by a coordinated national campaign to eliminate both brucellosis and tuberculosis from the cattle population. The campaign was funded and managed under tripartite agreement by State/Territory and Commonwealth governments and Industry. The tuberculosis component of the campaign relied on test and slaughter with surveillance for the disease in abattoirs and trace-back to property of origin an essential component. Because of the moderate sensitivity of the skin test (∼70%), testing was repeated at prescribed intervals over a number of years. In the more hostile environment of northern Australia, novel strategies were developed to maximize musters and remove ‘at risk’ animals. Australia is fortunate it did not have a feral host for M. bovis (apart from buffalo, which were included in the campaign) to complicate eradication. A national granuloma submission program was implemented in 1992 to increase the intensity of abattoir monitoring. Selective or total depopulation was used in some herds to achieve the requirements of the national Standard Definitions and Rules of the Campaign and achieve the status of ‘TB Free Area’ in December 1997. Monitoring for tuberculosis has continued under the 5-year Tuberculosis Freedom Assurance Program and measures to further reduce the risk of new cases have been implemented.

The NCI All Ireland Cancer Conference

The NCI All Ireland Cancer Conference

Protecting whom? The UNHCR in Sri Lanka, 1987–1997

This paper examines the operations of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Sri Lanka during the decade 1987 to 1997. After briefly dealing with the history of the UNHCR, so that the subsequent discussion is put in context, it looks at the first repatriation programme from south India, which began in December 1987, and assesses whether or not the process was voluntary and safe. That discussion is followed by an examination of the reasons why the UNHCR decided, in 1990, to work on behalf of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees in Sri Lanka. Subsequently, the events that led to the 1992 repatriation programme from south India to Sri Lanka are presented, an assessment is made of the level of protection that the UNHCR eventually chose to provide returnees, and a possible explanation for why the organization chose to become involved in this endeavour is offered. This is then followed by an examination of the January 1994 Tripartite Agreement on the repatriation of Tamil asylum seekers from Switzerland, signed by the Swiss and Sri Lankan governments and the UNHCR. Finally, some critical comments are made about what has been discussed, and some hard questions asked about the UNHCR's future.

Strategic factors for trading and investing in Latin America by U.S. businesses during the post-NAFTA era

The U.S. entered into a tripartite free trade agreement with Canada and Mexico on January 1, 1994. This scientific survey examines the strategic factors for trading and investing in Latin America, specifically Mexico, by U.S. businesses during the post-NAFTA era.

Learning at Work: Work-Based Access to Higher Education

The Learning at Work Project, funded by the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council, was initiated at the University of Stirling. It was developed in response to an awareness that many employed people, especially those on the shop floor, are excluded from access to higher education due to a number of situational, institutional and dispositional barriers. The Learning at Work Project seeks to provide a preparatory program for higher education that is negotiated as a tripartite agreement between employers, employeesand a university, and is based in and around the workplace. This article addresses the educational participation of adults from lower socio-economic backgrounds and the barriers they experience.

Credit where credit's due--work-based learning in professional practice.

Professional education is constantly changing. It is important to value practice as an integral part of professional education. Work-based learning offers a vehicle for the linking of theoretical and clinical academic development. The tripartite agreement between employer, student and university can be beneficial to all parties.

Violence and diplomacy in Lebanon: the troubled years, 1982-1988

Political setting negotiating Israeli withdrawal in search of a consensus the withdrawal agreement from the May 17 agreement to Geneva the way to Lausanne a change of emphasis the road to the tripartite agreement elusive reforms between Washington and Damascus. Appendices: Main principles for solving the Lebanese crisis, 13 June 1987 agreement between the government of the Republic of Lebanon and the government of the state of Israel.

Development of Fish Habitat for Mitigation below Hydro Diversions

In 1987 the Government of Canada, the Province of British Columbia, and Alcan Aluminum Ltd. entered into a tripartite agreement establishing a program of measures to conserve chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon stocks in the Nechako River. Large-scale applications of habitat measures are planned to manage the risks caused to chinook salmon by potential reductions in habitat quality associated with the reduction of flows. The reduction of flows result from the planned diversion of an additional portion of the upper Nechako River drainage. Experimental placements of debris structures and channel modifications were conducted from 1988 to 1993. Juvenile chinook salmon highly colonized debris structures, particularly the sweepers and rail-debris catchers installed in 1991, and fry density was similar to sparse natural debris cover. Channel modifications, point bars, and a side channel were durable, but were not as well utilized by young chinook. Physical assessment indicated that durability was medium to high where debris catchers and bundles withstood peak flows of 250--283 m{sup 3}/s.

Undermining the Union: The National Union of Mineworkers since 1985

In 1972, the NUM defeated Edward Heath's public‐sector incomes policy, and two years later contributed to his Government's downfall. The miners' militancy, which exploited the bargaining opportunity created by the return to industry‐wide pay determination and the oil shock of 1973, led to the tripartite agreement Plan for Coal, which appeared to guarantee a future for Britain's coal industry after 17 years of decline. From the return of the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher in 1979, however, the industry experienced further decline, which accelerated after the defeat of the 1984–85 strike. The demise of the coal industry has inevitably been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the Union's bargaining power, but the campaign against the colliery closures announced in October 1992 suggests that an obituary for the former ‘vanguard of the labour movement’ would be premature.

A Zambian water project

IN THE FAR west of Zambia lies a region bordered by the Zambezi River in the east, the Capri vi strip in the south and Angola in the west, an area of about 30,000 kilometres. Over the past 20 years refugees have fled here from Angola and, thanks to the hospitality of the Zambian Government and local Zambians, they have been allowed to settle, trying to farm enough for survival out of the sandy soil. Incursions by the South African army in the late 1970s and early 1980s has also caused much disruption; more importantly the poor rains and drought of the past seven years have made farming difficult, creating real hardship. Between 1980 and 1983 various relief efforts were made in the area to provide food and medical aid and to assist the local people in the construction of a number of permanent clinics. Under a tripartite agreement made in 1984 between the government of the Republic of Zambia, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF)/ Zambia Christian Refugee Service (ZCRS), a project was established to help improve and promote greater self-sufficiency in agriculture, primary health care and water resources.

Report on the Djibouti Refugee Situation

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; In 1982-83 as a result of a tripartite agreement between the governments of Djibouti and Ethiopiaand the UNHCR, the implementation of a repatriation programme was begun.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

The Floating Pound and the Sterling Area: 1931-39

1. Introduction: the sterling area in the 1930s 2. Sterling and the rupee 3. The Canadian debate over money and exchanges, 1930-1934 4. South Africa, sterling, and the gold standard, 1931 and thereafter 5. Australia and New Zealand, 1930-1939 6. Monetary preparations for the World Economic Conference 7. United Kingdom policy at the World Monetary and Economic Conference 8. Talking about exchange stabilization, autumn 1933 through June 1936 9. The Tripartite Agreement of 1936 10. Intergovernmental conversations and the management of sterling, 1936-1939 11. Conclusion: the significance of sterling.

THE POLITICS AND ECONOMICS OF THE 1979 TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT IN KENYA: A NOTE

THE 1979 Tripartite Agreement was the third agreement in Kenya between the Kenya Government, the Federation of Kenya Employers and the trade Unions (Cotu). The 1964 agreement stated that 'in acceptance of the fact that the unemployment problem has now become so serious as to constitute a national emergency, and while realising that the ultimate solution lies in the implementation of long-term plans to create a developing economy, we have agreed that there is an urgent need for immediate relief measures designed to create breathing space during which such long-term plan can be established.' Under the 1964 Agreement, unions accepted a wage freeze for one year, while private employers agreed to expand employment by 10 per cent and the Government by 15 per cent. In the 1970 Agreement, the Government and private employers agreed to expand employment by 10 per cent of their regular establishment and employees accepted a 12 months' wage standstill; it was also agreed that there would be no strikes nor lockouts during the Agreement.2 The 1979 Agreement, announced by the President on 12 December 1978, was to be effective from 1 January 1979 and stated that both the private and public sectors would increase employment by 10 per cent. However, unlike the 1970 Agreement, the 1979 Agreement did not expressly assert that there was to be a wages standstill. It only stated that unions should exercise restraint with respect to demand for wage increases. It soon became clear that the trade unions' understanding of the term 'wage restraint' was quite different from that of employers who took it to mean a total wage freeze.3 The original announcement did not say whether strikes were to be outlawed during the period covered by the Agreement. The Minister for Labour later said that 'Kenya is not a rich country. She cannot afford the luxury of strikes and lockouts .... It is our hope, therefore, that strikes and lockouts are a matter of the past.'4 That ceased to be just a hope; the Government made it very clear that there were to be no strikes and lockouts during the period of the Agreement.5

Oil and Gas Developments in New Zealand and Southwest Pacific Islands in 1982

New Zealand experienced a marked increase in activity. Concession holdings went up 205% onshore to 62,429 km2, and 31% offshore to 215,439 km2. Seismic coverage more than doubled both onshore and offshore, to 1,075 and 15,321 line-km, respectively. Several new targets have been delineated offshore, and 2 drillships are scheduled to arrive in the country and start drilling during 1983. Onshore, the total depth drilled more than doubled to 18,993 m. Drilling was concentrated in the recently discovered McKee field, where 2 additional oil producers were completed, and on 3 other structures nearby, where 1 well tested gas and condensate. Production of gas and condensate from the Kapuni and Maui fields combined was 2,177.122 × 106 m3 UP> (up 69.3%) and 865,454 m3 (up 57.3%), respectively. Expansion of the only refinery in New Zealand and the realization of large petrochemical projects using natural gas are well under way. These projects include an ammonia-urea plant, which was completed by year end, a methanol plant, and a methanol-to-synthetic petrol plant now under construction. Fiji also saw increased exploration activity. There were no changes in the license holdings, but marine and land seismic surveys covered 242.58 and 42.04 line-km, respectively. Four wells were drilled to a total depth of 5,697 m. All were dry. Papua New Guinea had active exploration carried out in nearly all of its 11 Petroleum Prospecting Licenses. A total of 2,750 line-km of marine seismic data was acquired, whereas onshore 654 line-km were obtained. The appraisal well, Barikewa-2, was drilled to a total depth of 1,820 m, and plugged and abandoned. In the western Highlands, 2 wildcat wells were drilled: Lavani-1, which was dry, plugged, and abandoned, and Juha-1, which was drilling ahead at 2,625 m at year end. Total depth drilled was 7,433 m. In the Gulf of Papua, an appraisal well, Pasca A3, was spudded in January 1983. A reservoir engineering study of the Pasca field, which is being considered for commercial development, has been completed for the Papua New Guinea government. No exploration activities took place in Tonga, Vanuatu, or the Solomon Islands, but a CCOP/SOPAC-sponsored project, funded by a tripartite agreement between the governments of Australia, New Zealand, and the United States, did comprehensive geophysical studies in some offshore areas of these 3 countries.