Trimetallic Nanocomposite Research Articles

Degradation of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution Using Fe-Ni-Co-Based Trimetallic Nanocomposites: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Effluent-containing dye molecules is a significant environmental hazard. An economical and energy-saving solution is needed to combat this issue for the purpose of environmental sustainability. In this study, Fe-Ni-Co-based trimetallic nanocomposite was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy were conducted to explore the physical morphology, phase structure and functional groups of the synthesized catalyst. Among dyes, methyl orange is considered as a major contaminant in textile effluent. The current study focused on the degradation of methyl orange using a trimetallic Fe-Ni-Co-based nanocomposite. A central composite design in response surface methodology was employed to analyze the independent variables including dye concentration, catalyst dose, temperature, hydrogen peroxide, irradiation time, and pH. Dye degradation has been achieved up to 81% in 20 min at the lowest initial concentration (5 mg/L) in optimized conditions. Based on ANOVA, the predicted values were in great agreement with the actual values, signifying the applicability of response surface methodology in the photocatalytic decolorization of dyeing effluents. The results gained from this research demonstrated that the synthesis method of trimetallic nanocomposite (Iron Triad) is a cost-effective and energy efficient method that can be scaled up to a higher level for industrial application.

Enhanced applications in dentistry through autoclave-assisted sonochemical synthesis of Pb/Ag/Cu trimetallic nanocomposites

In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the development of multiphase trimetallic nanocomposites (TMNC) incorporating ternary metals or metal oxides, which hold significant potential as alternatives for combatting biofilms and bacterial infections. Enhanced oral health is ensured by the innovative techniques used to effectively prevent bacterial adherence and formation of biofilm on dental sutures. In this investigation, TMNC, which consists of Pb, Ag, and Cu, was synthesized using an autoclave-assisted sonochemical technique. Following synthesis, TMNC were characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, XPS, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy to analyze their shape and microstructure. Subsequent evaluations, including MTT assay, antibacterial activity testing, and biofilm formation analysis, were conducted to assess the efficiency of the synthesized TMNC. Cytotoxicity and anti-human oral squamous cell carcinoma activities of TMNC were evaluated using the Human Oral Cancer cell line (KB) cell line through MTT assay, demonstrating a dose-dependent increase in anti-human oral squamous cell carcinoma activity against the KB cell line compared to the normal cell line, resulting in notably high cell viability. Furthermore, an ultrasonic probe was employed to incorporate TMNC onto dental suturing threads, with different concentrations of TMNC, ultrasonic power levels, and durations considered to determine optimal embedding conditions that result in the highest antibacterial activity. The inhibitory effects of TMNC, both in well diffusion assays and when incorporated into dental suturing threads, against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) were assessed using various concentrations of TMNC. The results of the study indicated that the efficacy of TMNC in inhibiting bacterial growth on dental suturing threads remained impressive, even at low concentrations. Moreover, an evaluation of their potential to destabilize biofilms formed by S. aureus and E. coli, the two pathogens in humans, indicated that TMNC would be a promising anti-biofilm agent.

Alloyed Trimetallic Nanocomposite as an Efficient and Recyclable Solid Matrix for Ideonella sakaiensis Lipase Immobilization.

In this work, a trimetallic (Ni/Co/Zn) organic framework (tMOF), synthesized by a solvothermal method, was calcinated at 400 and 600 °C and the final products were used as a support for lipase immobilization. The material annealed at 400 °C (Ni-Co-Zn@400) had an improved surface area (66.01 m2/g) and pore volume (0.194 cm3/g), which showed the highest enzyme loading capacity (301 mg/g) with a specific activity of 0.196 U/mg, and could protect the enzyme against thermal denaturation at 65 °C. The optimal pH and temperature for the lipase were 8.0 and 45 °C but could tolerate pH levels 7.0-8.0 and temperatures 40-60 °C. Moreover, the immobilized enzyme (Ni-Co-Zn@Lipase, Ni-Co-Zn@400@Lipase, or Ni-Co-Zn@600@Lipase) could be recovered and reused for over seven cycles maintaining 80, 90, and 11% of its original activity and maintained a residual activity >90% after 40 storage days. The remarkable thermostability and storage stability of the immobilized lipase suggest that the rigid structure of the support acted as a protective shield against denaturation, while the improved pH tolerance toward the alkaline range indicates a shift in the ionization state attributed to unequal partitioning of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions within the microenvironment of the active site, suggesting that acidic residues may have been involved in forming an enzyme-support bond. The high enzyme loading capacity, specific activity, encouraging stability, and high recoverability of the tMOF@Lipase indicate that a multimetallic MOF could be a better platform for efficient enzyme immobilization.

Trimetallic nanocomposite as efficient nanosensors for the electrochemical detection of riboflavin

A composite is a material in which more than one metal salt or polymer can be mixed to enhance the processed product's physical and chemical properties. Due to their high band gap and enhanced excitation energy, composites can be used in numerous areas, such as solar cells, fuel cells, catalysts, and energy storage. Over a large area of applications in different fields, few studies have examined the ability of composites to sense the efficiency of riboflavin/vitamin B2. The present work explores the utilisation of trimetallic-based nanocomposite nanoparticles (TMNCsNPs) as a sensing material, which is synthesised and characterised in detail. The TMNCsNPs were used to understand the exposure of riboflavin to glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). Several electrochemical parameters were selected for the electrochemical study of the processed sensor. Initially, a long-range concentration of riboflavin (0.976–125 μM in PBS) was selected to check the efficiency of the produced sensor (TMNCsNPs/GCE). Low-to high-potential windows (0.5–15 mV/s) were chosen to measure the effect on TMNCsNPs/GCE in PBS. The chronoamperometry (CA) responses were analysed at different time intervals (0–900s). The cyclic response (CR) was analysed for TMNCsNPs/GCE sensor for up to one month. The interference of metal was examined, and real sample analysis was also conducted and discussed with possible mechanism.

Trimetallic nanocomposites developed for efficient in vivo bimodal imaging via fluorescence and magnetic resonance.

Despite several attempts, in vivo bimodal imaging still represents a challenge. Generally, it is accepted that dual-modality in imaging can improve sensitivity and spatial resolution, namely, when exploiting fluorescence (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. Here, a newly developed combination of (i) protein-protected luminescent Au-Ag nanoclusters (LGSN) manifesting themselves by fluorescent emission at 705 nm and (ii) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) embedded within the same protein and creating contrast in MR images, has been investigated in phantoms and applied for in vivo bimodal imaging of a mouse as a proof of principle. Unique LGSN-SPION nanocomposites were synthesized in a specific sequential one-pot green preparation procedure and characterized thoroughly using many physicochemical experimental techniques. The influence of LGSN-SPION samples on the viability of healthy cells (RPE-1) was tested using a calcein assay. Despite the presence of Ag (0.12 mg mL-1), high content of Au (above 0.75 mg mL-1), and moderate concentrations of Fe (0.24 mg mL-1), LGSN-SPION samples (containing approx. 15 mg mL-1 of albumin) were revealed as biocompatible (cell viability above 80%). Simultaneously, these concentration values of all components in the LGSN-SPION nanocomposite were used for achieving both MRI and fluorescence signals in phantoms as well as in a living mouse with sufficiently high resolution. Thus, the LGSN-SPION samples can serve as new efficient bimodal FI and MRI probes for in vivo imaging.

Hydrangea-like AuPtRu/ZnO-rGO Nanocomposites with Enhanced Peroxidase Mimiking Activity for Senitive Colorimetric Determination of H2O2.

In this study, a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal synthesis method was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoflowers modified by reduced graphene oxide, and subsequently, trimetallic AuPtRu nanoparticles(AuPtRuNPs) were supported via the reduction method for high-sensitivity colorimetric detection of H2O2 in weakly acidic solutions. Compared to monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles, trimetallic nanoparticles exhibit significant synergistic effects and enhanced catalytic activity. After providing a three-dimensional structure with multiple pores by zinc oxide and enhancing electron transfer ability by reduced graphene, the trimetallic nanocomposites (AuPtRu/ZnO-rGO) exhibited excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity, which can effectively catalyze 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a blue oxidation product (oxTMB) in the presence of H2O2. Compared to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), AuPtRu/ZnO-rGO demonstrated significantly enhanced catalytic velocity (Vmax = 6.16 × 10-8 M/s) and affinity (Km = 0.02) for H2O2. The study of the catalytic mechanism showed that trimetallic Au, Pt, and Ru could effectively catalyze H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to accelerate the oxidation of TMB and enhance the peroxidase-mimicking activity of the AuPtRu/ZnO-rGO nanocomposites. The results showed that the as-synthesized hydrangea-like AuPtRu/ZnO-rGO nanocomposites showed enhanced peroxidase-mimicking activity. It could be used for the colorimetric detection of H2O2 in the range 5-1000 μM with a LOD of 3.0 μM (S/N = 3), and the recoveries are 93.0-101.7%. In addition, the AuPtRu/ZnO-rGO nanocomposites have good applicability for sensitive colorimetric determination of H2O2 in milk, and it has broad application prospects as a multifunctional sensing platform in the food processing industry.

In vitro analysis of novel trimetallic (Ag–Cu–Ni TNC) to handle benzene and benzopyrene pollutants in an aqueous environment

In this study, a trimetallic nanocomposite comprising Silver Copper–Nickel (Ag–Cu–Ni TNC) was synthesized and analysed for its efficiency in degrading benzene and benzopyrene, which has five fused benzene rings. Fabrication of trimetallic nanocomposites were characterized using UV spectroscopy, FTIR studies, SEM EDAX, and DLS results. XRD confirmed the cubic crystalline Fcc structure of Ag–Cu–Ni TNC. Photocatalytic degradation analysis revealed that Ag–Cu–Ni TNC has the efficient photocatalytic ability, and the optimum condition required for efficient degradation of benzene and benzopyrene was identified as 2 μg/mL of PAH molecule, 10 μg/mL of Ag–Cu–Ni TNC at pH 5, stirring time of 2 h placed under UV light. Based on these optimum conditions, kinetic and isotherm studies were performed, revealing that the adsorption of benzene and benzopyrene by Ag–Cu–Ni TNC fits well with the Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. Thus, our study's adsorption of PAH molecule from aqueous solution takes place through chemisorption and involves heterogeneous adsorption phenomena.

Synergistic Trimetallic Nanocomposites as Visible-NIR-Sunlight-Driven Photocatalysts for Efficient Artificial Photosynthesis.

Here, we report monodispersed tricomponent MnNSs-SnO2@Pt and MnNFs-SnO2@Pt nanocomposites prepared by simultaneous SnO2 and Pt nanodot coating on Mn nanospheres (MnNSs) and Mn nanoflowers (MnNFs) for highly efficient CO2 photoreduction in visible-NIR-sunlight irradiation. MnNFs-SnO2@Pt showed higher efficiency with a quantum yield of 3.21% and a chemical yield of 5.45% for CO2 conversion under visible light irradiation for HCOOH formation with 94% selectivity. Similarly, MnNFs-SnO2@Pt displayed significant photocatalytic efficiency in NIR and sunlight irradiation for HCOOH yield. MnNFs-SnO2@Pt nanocomposites also showed robust morphology and sustained structural stability with shelf-life for at least 1 year and were utilized for at least 10 reaction cycles without losing significant photocatalytic efficiency. The high surface area (94.98 m2/g), efficient electron-hole separation, and Pt-nanodot support in MnNFs--SnO2@Pt contributed to a higher photocatalytic efficacy toward CO2 reduction.

Suppressing charge recombination in disordered polymers blend medium

Charge recombination is one of the critical factors that influences the performance of thin film polymer solar cells (TFPSCs). In this investigation, metal, plasmonic nano-particles are employed to suppress charge recombination and energy loss in TFPSC. Trimetallic nano-composite (NC) was successfully synthesized and composed of copper, nickel, and silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) using wet chemistry. The NC was incorporated into polymer-based solar absorber layers at different concentrations. The absorber layer is a fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction design using poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) donor polymer. The results show that the power conversion efficiency of the device doped with NC has improved by 85% compared to the undoped one. The incorporation of tri-metallic NC into the polymer blend solar absorber resulted in enhanced optical absorption and improved collection of photo-current as reflected by the recorded high short circuit current density (J ) and fill factor. The enhancement of the performance is due to the occurrence of local surface plasmon resonances in the polymer medium. The experiment indicated that there is some increment in an open circuit voltage, which is attributed to the low energy losses as a result of improved exciton dissociation, charge carrier transport, and collection.

Aerobic intermolecular cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction using CuO-NiO-TiO2 trimetallic nanocomposite: A remarkable version of synergistic catalysis

Activation of the proelectrophilic Csp3-H bond of fused tetrahydropyridines is achieved by the catalyst system of CuO-NiO-TiO2 trimetallic nanocomposite, enabling regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of pronucleophilic Csp3-H and Csp2-H substrates, resulting in single Csp3-Csp3/Csp3-Csp2 bond formation.The synergistic activity of the trimetallic composite was evidenced by studying the corresponding bimetallic oxide systems (CuO-TiO2, NiO-TiO2). A broad-spectrum of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinoline proxies and various nucleophiles of different CH bonds (Csp3-H, Csp2-H) are cross-coupled efficiently in aerobic, neat heating conditions consistent with Green chemistry principles.

Antibacterial and antioxidant screening applications of reduced-graphene oxide modified ternary SnO2-NiO-CuO nanocomposites

Generally, Graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated by modified Hummer’s method and was thermally reduced whereas the tri-metallic nanocomposite was prepared by ex-situ hybridization. Both the synthesized SnO2-NiO-CuO (SNC) and rGO-SnO2-NiO-CuO (GO-SNC) were calcined at 450 °C for 2 h. The degree of crystallinity and the crystallite size were examined through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and were found to increase with calcination temperature. The morphological changes were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface functional moieties were identified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate samples against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The antioxidant potential was analyzed against 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and the highest activity was found for the as-synthesized NC whereas a clear decrease was seen in both activities with after calcination at 450 °C. It was also observed that the antibacterial and antioxidant activities increased with increasing sample dose in the reaction.

Green Synthesis of Trimetallic Nanocomposite (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np and Its In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

In this study, we used the aqueous extract of garlic tunicate leaf to reduce a mixture of equal amounts of ruthenium chloride, silver nitrate, and palladium acetate for the biosynthesis of ruthenium/silver/palladium trimetallic nanocomposite (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np. Some physicochemical tools were used for nanocomposite characterization, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmittance electron microscope (TEM). XRD revealed that the crystal size of the nanocomposite is 15.67 nm. The TEM images showed that the particle size ranged 50–90 nm. The antimicrobial efficacy of the nanocomposite was examined against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. The results showed a potent antimicrobial activity toward all tested microorganisms. (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np showed antiproliferative activity against Caco-2, HepG2, and K562 cell lines. The antiproliferative potential of (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np was significantly improved following UV irradiation.

Fenton-like degradation of carmine dyes based on artificial intelligence modeling and optimization of reduced graphene oxide loaded iron-cobalt-nickel trimetallic nanocomposites

In this experiment, reduced graphene oxide loaded iron-cobalt-nickel trimetallic nano compounds were prepared by co-precipitation method and coadministered with oxidant hydrogen peroxide to form Fenton-like reagents. The degradation of carmine dye simulated industrial wastewater by this type of fenton catalyst in combination with ultrasound was investigated and it can be identified that ultrasound is synergistic when combined with this type of fenton process. In this experiment, the synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, and superconducting quantum interferometry, and the results demonstrated that the materials have a typical graphite porous structure and excellent magnetic properties. The influences of four factors (V(H2O2), reaction time, initial concentration and catalyst dosage) on the degradation of carmine dye were further analyzed. The experiment was then modeled and optimized with response surfaces and artificial intelligence. Through the comparative analysis of the experimental value and the predicted value, it is found that the absolute error of the artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization model is the smallest, which indicates that the model makes a better prediction of the experimental results. The importance of influencing factors in the dye removal process was ranked according to F-test, random forest and Garson's formula, and it was discovered that V(H2O2) played the most dominant role. Finally, by a simple magnetic separation, the rGO/Fe/Co/Ni trimetallic nano compound was still retained 47% of its catalytic capacity after five consecutive recoveries using this catalyst and applying it to the next degradation experiment, which indicates its excellent reusability and reflects the outstanding degradation ability of this compounds.

Enzyme decorated dendritic bimetallic nanocomposite biosensor for detection of HCHO

In recent times, bi- and tri-metallic nanocomposites are being extensively studied to improve the catalytic surface and sensitivity of detection. In this study, we designed a formaldehyde dehydrogenase decorated Cys-AuPd-ErGO nanocomposite with fern like AuPd dendrites deposited on reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) on screen printed electrode (SPE) for determination of NADH and successfully demonstrated its application for detection of HCHO. This biosensor exhibited direct electron transfer by lowering the oxidation potential of NADH from +0.63 V to 0.32 V vs Ag/AgCl, avoiding usage of electron mediators. The sensor LOD was 0.3 μM HCHO with excellent sensitivity of 70 μA/μM/cm2 and linear detection range between 1 μM and 100 μM during chronoamperometric studies at applied over potential of +0.35 V vs Ag/AgCl. The sensor was tested for its performance in simulated HCHO adulterated samples of fish and milk, and appreciable recoveries (88–104%) at tested concentrations indicated good sensor performance. It was also validated against conventional method of HPLC with highly acceptable correlation coefficient of 0.99, indicating successful fabrication of a simple, “on site” disposable sensor for HCHO detection. The developed biosensor can also find wide application in quantitative measurement of NADH and analytes involved in reactions with the co-enzyme.

Trimetallic@Cyclodextrin Nanocomposite: Photocatalyst for Degradation of Amoxicillin and Catalyst for Esterification Reactions

The industry is looking for new materials which can respond to specific applications that exclusively advance materials can provide. In this context, nanoparticles and nanocomposites opened an interesting method for designing specific properties which can be modulated according to the requirements. The preparation of biomolecules supported trimetallic nanoparticles and some other derives is a good example of the complex systems that can be designed for getting exclusive properties. This study is based on the preparation of new cyclodextrin supported Fe/La/Zn trimetallic nanocomposite by the microemulsion technique. Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin was performed using cyclodextrin-Fe/La/Zn. 78% of amoxicillin photodegradation along 4 hours of photoirradiation was achieved. Finally, the catalytic nature of new material was explored for oxidation and esterification reactions. The present study revealed that this advanced multifunctional nanomaterial can be successfully employed for environmental remediation and catalytic activities.

Fabrication and characterization of Ni/Ag/Zn trimetal oxide nanocomposites and its application in dopamine sensing

Trimetallic nanocomposites are multiphase materials with a ternary metal or metal oxide. They are widely used as antibacterial materials, catalysts, and sensors due to their high specific surface area, excellent electron transport performance, and good catalytic behavior. To address the issues of high manufacturing cost, poor selectivity, and low sensitivity of traditional biosensors, this work reports the designing of dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor by trimetallic nano-sensor comprising of noble metal silver with the transition metals nickel and zinc. Four Ni/Ag/Zn nanocomposite samples with different metals' molar ratios were synthesized by a green microwave-assisted coprecipitation reduction method. Morphological and microstructural differences due to different metal composition ratios were observed through scanning electron microscope. The four synthesized materials are composed of nanoparticles of various shapes with a dispersed multiphase matrix. XRD, XPS, and FT-IR techniques employed to determine the elemental and phase composition of the synthesized samples. Electrochemical characterization results show that trimetallic composites modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) has good sensing performance for DA; the sensor sensitivity is 0.96 μA/μM cm2, and the detection limit LOD is 0.3 μM. It has good anti-interference and selectivity for ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and various ion simulated biological environments.

Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Trimetallic Nanocomposites as Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries.

Transition-metal-based multifunctional catalysts have attracted increasing attention owing to high possibilities of substituting the expensive noble-metal-based catalysts in various scenarios. Multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) are ideal precursors to prepare multimetallic nanocomposites with high catalytic activity since the uniform distribution and precise regulation of mixed metal centers, as well as the consequent strong synergistic effect, could be readily achieved. Herein, a Mn/Co/Ni trimetallic catalyst (MnCoNi-C-D) with a hollow rhombic dodecahedron shape was synthesized via pyrolysis of the corresponding trimetallic-based MTV-MOF. The catalyst shows outstanding electrochemical activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction including a half-wave potential of 0.82 V and superior tolerance against methanol as well as high stability in an alkaline medium, and its oxygen evolution reaction activity also surpasses a RuO2 catalyst. Moreover, primary and rechargeable zinc-air batteries based on MnCoNi-C-D delivered preferable performances compared with commercial Pt/C-RuO2, including higher peak power density (116.4 mW cm-2), higher specific capacity (841.3 mAh g-1), higher open-circuit potential (OCV) (1.46 V), and better stability for more than 180 h. A comprehensive comparison was also conducted to prove the necessity of employing the MTV-MOF as the precursor and investigate the intrinsic superiority of the catalyst.

Synthesis of the magnetic core-shell bi-metallic and tri-metallic metal-organic framework nanocomposites for dye adsorption.

Bi-metallic and tri-metallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) supported on the magnetic activated carbon (MAC) were synthesized for the reduction of methylene blue (MB) concentration in the aqueous solutions. The adsorbent nanocomposites were characterized by applying the general tests including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, BET, and VSM. The XRD achievements demonstrated that crystalline structure of MOFs was derived on the MAC by the presented method. The core-shell morphology with nano-scale size of the magnetic carbonaceous MOFs was detected in TEM and FESEM micro-images. The acceptable magnetic strength of the prepared adsorbents was proved by using the VSM analysis. The important operating conditions including pH and temperature were also evaluated, while the other parameters were kept constant. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was matched with the experimental data to show the kinetic behavior of the multi-component MOFs. The isotherm studies showed that the good agreement between the experimental data with both Langmuir model and the maximum capacities was calculated to be about 66.51 and 71.43mg/g for the bi-metallic and tri-metallic nanocomposites, respectively. Regeneration experiments indicated that the fabricated adsorbents have an excellent reusing adsorption capacity which can be a proper selection for the industrial applications. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Bi-metallic and tri-metallic MOFs supported on the magnetic activated carbon were synthesized by the facile preparation method. Adsorption of methylene blue by using MOFs were successfully done. Nanocomposites were evaluated by XRD, FTIR, BET, FESEM, TEM, and VSM techniques. Maximum of adsorption capacity was observed for tri-metallic MOF as 71.43mg/g.

Mechanochemical synthesis of the NiSn, CuSn bimetallic and NiCuSn trimetallic nanocomposites using various types of additives

Ni-Cu-Sn nanocomposite was prepared for the first time, in the mechanochemical way complementing with the investigation of milled Cu-Sn and Ni-Sn systems using grinding additives. Several chemicals were examined like NaCl, PVP, CTAB, SDS, oleylamine, n-heptane, ethylene and polyethylene glycol. X-ray diffractometry attested the varying effects of the additives on the quality and quantity of the milling end-products: in several cases complete or partial mechanical alloying occurred, while in some instances, the segregation of the starting materials were also observed verified by spatially-resolved energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed the efficacy of additive amounts used on particle size reduction and size distribution of the milled bimetallic and trimetallic solids. For the Ni-Cu-Sn nanocomposites, the average solvodynamic diameters varied in the range 180–700 ​nm with 0.21–0.48 polydispersity values. The application of CTAB and PVP resulted in aggregated nanoparticles under 100 ​nm size in significant amounts verified by the transmission electron microscopy images. The analysis of the surface plasmon resonance bands of the nanocomposites indicated the presence of the Cu(I) oxide phase, while the calculated textural parameters increased up to 5 and 24 ​m2/g and 0.01–0.05 ​cm3/g specific surface area and total pore volume values, respectively, compared to the 0.8 ​m2/g and 0.002 ​cm3/g of the milling in the absence of additives.

Essential Oils and Mono/bi/tri-Metallic Nanocomposites as Alternative Sources of Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Microorganisms: An Overview.

Over the past few decades, many pathogenic bacteria have become resistant to existing antibiotics, which has become a threat to infectious disease control worldwide. Hence, there has been an extensive search for new, efficient, and alternative sources of antimicrobial agents to combat multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous studies have reported the potential of both essential oils and metal/metal oxide nanocomposites with broad spectra of bioactivities including antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial attributes. However, only monometallic nanoparticles combined with essential oils have been reported on so far with limited data. Bi- and tri-metallic nanoparticles have attracted immense attention because of their diverse sizes, shapes, high surface-to-volume ratios, activities, physical and chemical stability, and greater degree of selectivity. Combination therapy is currently blooming and represents a potential area that requires greater attention and is worthy of future investigations. This review summarizes the synergistic effects of essential oils with other antimicrobial combinations such as mono-, bi-, and tri-metallic nanocomposites. Thus, the various aspects of this comprehensive review may prove useful in the development of new and alternative therapeutics against antibiotic resistant pathogens in the future.