Triglycerides And Glucose Research Articles

Do sociodemographic and health predictors affect the non-insulin-based insulin resistance index? A cross-sectional study.

Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, early diagnosis of IR is clinically significant for primary and secondary CVD prevention initiatives. In addition, non-insulin metabolic indices may be useful for diagnosing IR. The first objective was to estimate the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index values in a local community with high social deprivation and increased cardiovascular risk according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation scale. The second objective was to identify significant sociodemographic and health predictors for the TyG index and METS-IR index. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the local community of Janów district in eastern Poland and consisted of 2 stages. The 1st stage involved basic research (n = 4,040), while the 2nd stage involved enhanced diagnostics (n = 2,657). Data from the 2nd stage was used for the analyses. Anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken, blood was drawn for laboratory tests, selected sociodemographic and health variables were evaluated, and the TyG index and METS-IR index were calculated. The mean TyG index score in the study group was 8.65 (±0.58), and the mean METS-IR index score was 41.45 (±9.02). Both indices were significantly associated with age, male sex, smoking, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a multivariable model. In addition, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) were significantly correlated with the TyG index, whereas education was significantly associated with the METS-IR index. Our results show the association between IR and sociodemographic and health variables in a group with a high social deprivation rate and increased cardiovascular risk. Early detection of cardiometabolic risk is important for both primary and secondary CVD prevention. In primary healthcare, this can be accomplished through surrogate markers of IR.

Low plasma levels of BTLA and LAG-3 before HCV therapy are associated with metabolic disorders after HCV eradication in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection: a retrospective study.

Understanding the predictors of metabolic disorders in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection post-HCV therapy is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Since immune checkpoint proteins are usually upregulated in these persons with HIV/HCV coinfection, we aimed to evaluate the association between plasma immune checkpoint proteins at baseline (before HCV therapy) and metabolic disturbances during the follow-up (about 5years after successful HCV treatment) in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection. We performed a retrospective study on 80 persons with HIV/HCV coinfection with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis who cleared HCV infection after successful HCV therapy and were followed for about 5 years after completion of HCV treatment. Plasma samples were collected at baseline. Immune checkpoint proteins were analyzed using a Luminex 200™ analyzer. Outcomes were the development of a metabolic event (type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia) and the change in Triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index. During follow-up, 21 (26%) patients developed metabolic events (type 2 diabetes mellitus/dyslipidemia), and 29 (46.0%) patients had an increase in TyG during the follow-up. Low baseline values of BTLA and LAG-3, two immune checkpoint proteins, were associated with the development of metabolic events (aAMR = 0.69 and aAMR = 0.71, respectively) and with increases in TyG values (aAMR = 0.72 and aAMR = 0.70, respectively). In addition, other immune checkpoint proteins were also inversely associated with increases in TyG. We discovered that low plasma levels of BTLA and LAG-3 before HCV therapy significantly correlate with an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders after treatment.

The association of plasma asprosin with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Korean children and adolescents.

This study aimed to determine the correlation of plasma asprosin with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Korean children and adolescents. This single-center study included 109 Korean children and adolescents: 62 (56.9%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 47 (43.1%) healthy controls with BMI between the 15th and 85th percentile. Metabolic parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, and lipid profiles. Plasma asprosin levels were higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 87.0 vs. 69.3 ng/mL; p = 0.001) and in the IR group than in the non-IR group (mean 98.6 vs. 70.2 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Plasma asprosin levels were not associated with sex or pubertal stage. Plasma asprosin levels were positively correlated with BMI SDS (r = 0.34; p = 0.002), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.25; p = 0.02), glucose (r = 0.33; p = 0.002), insulin (r = 0.44; p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.33; p = 0.003), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.008), and TyG index (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that plasma asprosin levels were independently associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and TG/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated an association between plasma asprosin levels and obesity and insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents.

Associations of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices with presence and extent of multi-territorial atherosclerosis: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundNon-insulin-based insulin resistance (IR) indices, simple and reliable surrogates for IR calculated without insulin level, have been reported to be associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. MethodsParticipants without diabetes from the cross-sectional baseline survey of the PRECISE (Poly-Vascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events) cohort study were included in present study. Non-insulin-based IR indices, including triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index, were calculated and stratified into quartiles. Intracranial, extracranial, coronary, subclavian, aorta, renal, ilio-femoral, and peripheral arteries were also assessed at baseline. ResultsOf 2759 included participants, the average age was 60.9 ( ± 6.6) years, and 1460 (52.9 %) were female. Compared with the first quartile of TyG index, the fourth quartile of TyG index was associated with an increased presence and extent of atherosclerotic plaques (OR, 3.51; 95 %CI,1.30–1.87; cOR, 2.22; 95 %CI,1.76–2.79) and presence and extent of atherosclerotic stenosis (OR, 1.60; 95 %CI,1.24–2.06; cOR, 1.66; 95 %CI,1.30–2.12). Such associations were also observed for the relationship of TyG-BMI index, TG/HDL-C ratio, and METS-IR index with the presence and extent of atherosclerotic plaques and stenosis. Addition of 4 non-insulin-based IR indices to the basic model with traditional risk factors improved the predictive performance of the presence of atherosclerotic plaque and stenosis. ConclusionsElevated non-insulin-based IR indices levels were associated with an increased risk of presence and extent of atherosclerotic plaques and stenosis in non-diabetic, older individuals in the PRECISE study. Further, these IR surrogate markers have certain predictive performance to assess the risk of multi-territorial atherosclerosis.

Comparison of the predictive value of four insulin resistance surrogates and hyperuricemia in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: A cross-sectional study.

Insulin resistance (IR), hyperuricemia (HUA), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, while also impacting reproductive health. The relationship between IR, HUA, and RPL has not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the relationship between four IR surrogates and the risk of HUA in RPL patients. Data from a real-world study on RPL in China were analyzed using multivariable regression to determine the relationship between HUA and triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). The predictive ability of these surrogates for detecting HUA in RPL patients was evaluated using the area under the curve and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed using bootstrapping resampling. The study included 769 patients with a mean age of 30 ± 4 years old, 8.32% of whom had HUA. Four IR surrogates were closely related to HUA in patients of RPL after adjusting for age, menstrual cycle, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and low-density lipoprotein, with area under the curve values of TyG index (OR = 0.693, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.626, 0.759), TyG-BMI (OR = 0.731 95% CI: 0.657, 0.805), TG/HDL-C (OR = 0.703, 95% CI: 0.641, 0.764), and METS-IR (OR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.655, 0.799). Bootstrap resampling yielded similar results. The TyG index, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-c, and METS-IR significantly correlated with HUA in patients with RPL. The TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value of the four IR surrogates.

Assessment of the appropriate cutoff points for anthropometric indices and their relationship with cardio-metabolic indices to predict the risk of metabolic associated fatty liver disease

BackgroundResearch on Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is still in its early stages, with few studies available to identify and predict effective indicators of this disease. On the other hand, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to reduce the burden of MAFLD. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of eleven anthropometric indices and their appropriate cut-off values as a non-invasive method to predict and diagnose MAFLD in the Iranian population.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed baseline data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, a prospective population-based study conducted in Iran that enrolled a total of 7836 subjects aged 35 to 70 years from May 2016 through August 2018.ResultsThe optimal cut-off values of anthropometric indices for predicting MAFLD risk were determined for waist circumference(WC) (102.25 cm for males and 101.45 cm for females), body mass index (BMI) (27.80 kg/m2 for males and 28.75 kg/m2 for females), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (0.96 for both males and females), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (0.56 for males and 0.63 for females), body adiposity index (BAI) (23.24 for males and 32.97 for females), visceral adiposity index (VAI) (1.64 for males and 1.88 for females), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) (10.63 for males and 11.71 for females), conicity index (CI) (1.29 for males and 1.36 for females), body roundness index (BRI) (4.52 for males and 6.45 for females), relative fat mass (RFM) (28.18 for males and 44.91 for females) and abdominal volume index (AVI) (18.85 for males and for 21.37 females). VAI in males (sensitivity: 77%, specificity: 60%, Youden’s Index: 0.37) and RFM in females (sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 59%, Youden’s Index: 0.35) were found to have higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other anthropometric indices. Furthermore, anthropometric indices demonstrated statistically significant correlations with various hepatic and cardiometabolic indices. Among these, the strongest positive correlations were observed between WC, BMI, BAI, BRI, and AVI with the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC, as well as between VAI and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), and the Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) Index.ConclusionAnthropometric indices are effective in predicting MAFLD risk among Iranian adults, with WWI, VAI, and RFM identified as the strongest predictors. The proposed cutoff values could serve as a straightforward and non-invasive methods for the early diagnosis of MAFLD.

Analysis of factors influencing onset and survival of patients with severe acute pancreatitis: Aclinical study.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, and the prognosis of severe AP (SAP) is poor. The study aimed to identify promising biomarkers for predicting the occurrence and survival outcome of SAP patients. Two hundred and fortyAP patients were retrospectively recruited, in which 72 cases with SAP. Blood test was done for collection of laboratory indicators. After treatment, the mortality of patients was recorded. Patients in the SAP group had higher intensive care unit admissions and longer hospital stays (p < .001). Among laboratory parameters, significantly high values of C-reactive protein (CRP),triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, Von willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and D-dimer were found in SAP groups relative to non-SAP ones. Receiver operating characteristiccurve indicated the good performance of CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag and D-dimer in SAP diagnosis. Among all SAP cases, 51 survived while 21 died. TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 6.914, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.193-40.068, p = .028), vWF:Ag (OR = 7.441, 95%CI = 1.236-244.815, p = .028), and D-dimer (OR = 7.987, 95%CI = 1.251-50.997, p = .028) were significantly related to survival outcome of SAP patients by multiple logistic regression analysis. Both TyG index and vWF showed favorable efficiency in predicting overall prognosis. The area under the curve for the multivariate model (PRE = -35.908 + 2.764 × TyG + 0.021 × vWF:Ag) was 0.909 which was greater than 0.9, indicating its excellent performance in prognosis prediction. CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag, and D-dimer values on admission may be potential clinical predictors of the development of SAP. Moreover, TyG index and vWF:Ag may be helpful to predict survival outcome.

#2009 FGF23 in patients with diabetic kidney disease and atherosclerosis

Abstract Background and Aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are risk factors for vascular atherosclerosis, a pathological process with an important inflammatory component. The coexistence of these conditions in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has additive effects with worst cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates when compared to non-diabetic CKD patient on cardiovascular outcomes. Accumulating research has shown that increased levels of bone-derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), the major phosphate-regulating hormone, constitute a novel predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CKD patients, with potential effects on disorders of glucose metabolism as well. The objective of this comparative study is to determine the differences in FGF23 levels in two groups of patients with CKD, with and without DM, matched by age, sex and renal function, all of them with clinical atherosclerotic disease. We also evaluated the relationships of FGF23 with several inflammatory markers and parameters of glucose metabolism. Method Sixty-six patients with CKD stages 3-4 (33 of them with DM) and diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease were included in the study. Whole blood and serum samples were obtained from all participants. CRP values, neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, HbA1c (%), fasting glucose, and Triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, among other parameters, were obtained using standardized routine methods. Circulating levels of the intact form of FGF23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL10 were determined by ELISA immunoassays in both groups. We also performed gene expression analysis for these three cytokines in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) using qPCR. Results The mean values of eGFR, ACR and phosphate were 37.6 ± 11.2 ml/min/1.73 m2; 294.1 ± 271.2 mg/g; 3.8 ± 0.82 mg/dL; respectively without differences between patients with and without DM The median circulating FGF23 values were higher in the DM group (51.59 [37.73-89.68] vs. 38.1 [33-54.14] pg/mL; p&amp;lt;0.001). Likewise, patients with DM presented higher levels of TNFα both in serum concentration (1.78 [0.72-2.47] vs. 1.28 [1.01-1.88] pg/mL; p&amp;lt;0.01) as in the expression of mRNA in PBCs (2.1 ± 1.26 vs. 1.87 ± 1.16 a.u.; p&amp;lt;0.05). No differences were observed for IL6 and IL10 levels, nor for CRP concentration or N/L ratio. As expected, fasting glucose, HbA1c and TyG index were higher in the group of subjects with DM. FGF23 was inversely correlated with eGFR (r=−0.435, p&amp;lt;0.0001), while it showed a positive association with ACR (r=0.416, p&amp;lt;0.001) and, interestingly, with proinflammatory cytokines including circulating TNFα (r=0.44, p&amp;lt;0.001), circulating IL6 (r=0.27, p=0.04), and TNF mRNA expression in PBCs (r=0.245, p=0.047). Furthermore, circulating FGF23 was also direct and significantly correlated with HbA1c (r=0.34, p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusion These results suggest that FGF23 levels are higher in DKD than in non-DM CKD patients with similar renal function. DKD patients also had higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. Our results also show positive correlations of FGF23 with the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6, as well as with HbA1c. Previous studies, shown that elevated TNFα and glucose promote FGF23 production, which may help to explain the higher levels of FGF23 in patients with DM Future studies should clarify whether FGF23 is simply a marker of atherosclerosis disease severity or a contributing factor to this complication in CKD.

Association of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices with disease severity and adverse outcome in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a multi-center cohort study

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that diabetes mellitus and impaired lipid metabolism are associated with the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). However, the relationship between IR and pulmonary hypertension is poorly understood. This study explored the association between four IR indices and IPAH using data from a multicenter cohort.MethodsA total of 602 consecutive participants with IPAH were included in this study between January 2015 and December 2022. The metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, and triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) were used to quantify IR levels in patients with IPAH. The correlation between non-insulin-based IR indices and long-term adverse outcomes was determined using multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines.ResultsDuring a mean of 3.6 years’ follow-up, 214 participants experienced all-cause death or worsening condition. Compared with in low to intermediate-low risk patients, the TG/HDL-C ratio (2.9 ± 1.7 vs. 3.3 ± 2.1, P = 0.003) and METS-IR (34.5 ± 6.7 vs. 36.4 ± 7.5, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in high to intermediate-high risk patients. IR indices correlated with well-validated variables that reflected the severity of IPAH, such as the cardiac index and stroke volume index. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the TyG-BMI index (hazard ratio [HR] 1.179, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020, 1.363 per 1.0-standard deviation [SD] increment, P = 0.026) and METS-IR (HR 1.169, 95% CI 1.016, 1.345 per 1.0-SD increment, P = 0.030) independently predicted adverse outcomes. Addition of the TG/HDL-C ratio and METS-IR significantly improved the reclassification and discrimination ability beyond the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) risk score.ConclusionsIR is associated with the severity and long-term prognosis of IPAH. TyG-BMI and METS-IR can independently predict clinical worsening events, while METS-IR also provide incremental predictive performance beyond the ESC risk stratification.

Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indexes in predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence following ablation: a retrospective study

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is involved in the pathophysiological processes of arrhythmias. Increasing evidence suggests triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are simple and reliable surrogates for IR. Although they have been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), evidence supporting this is limited. Here, this is the first study to investigate the association between TyG-BMI index and AF recurrence following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The performance of the four non-insulin-based IR indexes in predicting AF recurrence after ablation was explored.MethodsA total of 2242 AF patients who underwent a de novo RFCA between June 2018 to January 2022 at two hospitals in China were included in this retrospective study. The predictive values of IR indexes for AF recurrence after ablation were assessed.ResultsDuring 1-year follow-up, 31.7% of patients experienced AF recurrence. The multivariable analysis revealed that TyG index, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI index were independent risk factors for AF recurrence. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a connection between METS-IR, TyG-BMI index, and AF recurrence (P < 0.001). Furthermore, incorporating the METS-IR or TyG-BMI index to the basic risk model with fully adjusted factors considerably enhanced the forecast of AF recurrence, as demonstrated by the C-statistic, continuous net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement.ConclusionsTyG index, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI index were independently associated with AF recurrence following ablation. Among the four non-insulin-based IR indexes, TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value, followed by METS-IR.

The Triglycerides and Glucose Index Is an Independent Risk Factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: Although it has been observed that the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, a biomarker of insulin resistance, is associated with severity and morbidity by COVID-19, evidence is still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the TyG index is associated with both the degree of severity and mortality by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Men and women aged 20 years or more with diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in a case-control study. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, cancer, autoimmune diseases, autoimmune treatment, and incomplete data. Patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS were allocated into the case group, and those with mild or moderate COVID-19 ARDS in the control group. COVID-19 was defined by a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2, and ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Results: A total of 206 patients were included and allocated into the case (n = 103) and control (n = 103) groups. The logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, and body mass index showed that the TyG index is significantly associated with moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 6.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-30.6] and severe (OR = 9.5; 95% CI: 2.4-37.5) COVID-19 ARDS, and death (OR = 10.1; 95% CI: 2.2-46.5). Conclusion: The results of our study show a significant and independent association of the TyG index with ARDS and mortality in patients with COVID-19.

The association of serum irisin with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents.

Irisin is an adipomyokine secreted by muscle and adipose cells, and it plays a role in glucose, fat, and bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine the correlation of serum irisin levels with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. This single-center study included 103 Korean children and adolescents: 54 (52.4%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 49 (47.6%) healthy controls with BMI within the 15th to 85th percentile. Various parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and 25(OH)-Vitamin D levels. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 33 healthy subjects. Serum irisin was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 18.1 ± 3.5 vs. 16.2 ± 2.0 ng/mL; p = 0.001). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with chronological age (r = 0.28; p = 0.004), height SDS (r = 0.24; p = 0.02), BMI SDS (r = 0.37; p < 0. 001), fasting glucose (r = 0.27; p = 0.007), fasting insulin (r = 0.23; p = 0.03), HOMA-IR (r = 0.21; p = 0.04), osteocalcin (r = 0.27; p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.005). All these correlations were evident in obese subjects but not in healthy subjects. ALP and 25(OH)-Vitamin D were unrelated to irisin levels. Among 33 healthy subjects, total body-less head (TBLH) BMD Z-score was positively correlated with serum irisin (r = 0.39; p = 0.03), osteocalcin (r = 0.40; p = 0.02), fasting insulin (r = 0.39; p = 0.04), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.38; p = 0.047). This study demonstrated an association between irisin levels and glucose, lipid, and bone parameters in children and adolescents. Our findings suggest that irisin has a potential role in metabolic disorders and bone health in obese children and adolescents.

The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance Indicated by Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Decreased Left Ventricular Diastolic Function with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

The evidence on the association between insulin resistance (IR) and the prevalence or incidence of cardiac dysfunction has been controversial, and the relationship between pre-diabetic IR and cardiac function is lacking. Large sample studies in the Chinese general population are urgently needed to explore the association between IR and the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and decreased left ventricular diastolic function with preserved ejection fraction (LVDFpEF). Based on a National Health Check-up database in China, we conducted a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study in 344,420 individuals. Furthermore, at a single center, we performed two retrospective longitudinal studies encompassing 8270 and 5827 individuals to investigate the association between IR and the development of new-onset LVH and LVDFpEF, respectively. The median follow-up duration exceeded 2.5 years. The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, known for its high sensitivity in detecting IR, serves as a reliable alternative marker of IR. The logistic and cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the relationships. In the cross-sectional study, IR showed a positive association with the prevalence of LVH and decreased LVDFpEF after adjusting for confounders. In the longitudinal cohort, IR was also correlated with the new onset of LVH and decreased LVDFpEF, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.986 (95% CI: 1.307, 3.017) and 1.386 (95% CI: 1.167, 1.647) in the fourth quartile of TyG levels compared to the lowest quartile, respectively, after adjusting for confounders. The subgroup analysis in non-hypertensive or non-diabetic people and the sensitivity analysis in the population with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) further verified the above-mentioned results. IR was associated with LVH and decreased LVDFpEF. Effective management of IR may prevent or delay the development of adverse LVH and decreased LVDFpEF.

The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance Index is Superior to the Triglyceride and Glucose Index in Identifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hyperuricemia Subjects.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a recognized risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early diagnosis and the identification of predictive factors are important for the HUA population. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index and the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index with NAFLD in individuals with HUA. A total of 5537 HUA participants were included in the study. Hepatic ultrasonography was conducted following the latest diagnostic criteria to diagnose NAFLD. The relationship between the TyG and METS-IR index and NAFLD was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline model (RCS). In addition, the area under the curve (AUC), positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were explored to compare the predictive value of IR surrogates for NAFLD with HUA. The AUCs of the two indicators were compared using the DeLong test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated TyG (OR = 2.285, 95% CI: 1.525, 3.428) and METS-IR (OR = 1.242, 95% CI: 1.219, 1.266) indices significantly increase the risk of NAFLD. Meanwhile, the RCS analysis revealed a -log-shaped nonlinear relationship between NAFLD risk and the METS-IR index (P non-linear < 0.001), contrasting with the linear association observed with the TyG index (P non-linear = 0.763). Notably, the risk of NAFLD demonstrated a significant escalation when the METS-IR index exceeded the threshold of 39.208 (OR=1). Compared to the TyG index (AUC = 0.734, 95% CI: 0.721~0.748), the METS-IR index (AUC = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.810~0.832) demonstrated superior predictive value for NAFLD in individuals with HUA according to the DeLong test. In the HUA population, the METS-IR index has a higher predictive value for NAFLD than the TyG index, contributing to early diagnosis and disease prevention.

Association of triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index with disease severity in acute pancreatitis and its prognostic role: A tertiary centre study

Association of triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index with disease severity in acute pancreatitis and its prognostic role: A tertiary centre study

TyG index is a predictor of all-cause mortality during the long-term follow-up in middle-aged and elderly with hypertension

ABSTRACT Background The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index has been found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality. However, there has been a lack of studies exploring the specific relationship between the TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged and elderly with hypertension. Methods A total of 3,614 participants with hypertension were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The TyG index was calculated using the formula log [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to evaluate the association between the TyG index and the risk of mortality. Results Over a follow-up period of 7.87 years, 991 all-cause death and 189 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Compared with the reference quartile, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.28 (1.07–1.53; p = .006) in the fourth quartile for all-cause mortality and 0.63 (0.42–0.96; p = .031) in the second quartile for cardiovascular mortality. Dose-response analysis indicated an L-shaped relationship. Conclusions The TyG index exhibited an L-shaped association with the risk of all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly with hypertension.

Association of TyG index with prehypertension or hypertension: a retrospective study in Japanese normoglycemia subjects.

The objective of our study was to investigate the potential association between the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and the occurrence of prehypertension or hypertension in a cohort of normoglycemic Japanese subjects. The NAGALA physical examination program was conducted in 1994 at Murakami Memorial Hospital in Gifu City, Japan. For our retrospective study, we selected 15,450 participants who had taken part in this program. Our aim was to explore the potential link between the TyG index, a surrogate marker for insulin resistance, and the presence of prehypertension (pre-HTN) or hypertension (HTN). Our analysis included adjustments for clinical demographic attributes and serum biomarkers. Logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between the TyG index and the likelihood of pre-HTN or HTN. A total of 15,450 study subjects were included in our analysis. Notably, the prevalence of both pre-HTN and HTN displayed an ascending trend with increasing quartiles of the TyG index. In our comprehensive multivariable logistic regression analysis, when evaluating TyG as a continuous variable, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for pre-HTN was OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.11-1.56], while for HTN, it was OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.24-2.5] within the fully adjusted model (model 3). When TyG was stratified into quartiles within model 3, the adjusted ORs for pre-HTN were OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.02-1.31], OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.06-1.41], and OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.08-1.59], respectively, using quartile 1 as the reference. The adjusted ORs for HTN in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.89-1.66], OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.02-1.91], and OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.02-2.15], respectively, within the same model and analysis, with quartile 1 as the reference. Subgroup analysis indicated that the TyG index exhibited a significant positive correlation with the risk of hypertension or prehypertension, except in the subgroup aged ≥65 years. Our study highlights a robust correlation between the TyG index and the likelihood of pre-HTN or HTN in normoglycemic Japanese subjects. This underscores the potential clinical relevance of the TyG index in refining early hypertension management strategies. Nonetheless, the validation of these findings necessitates larger studies with extended follow-up periods.

The triglycerides and glucose index is more strongly associated with metabolically healthy obesity phenotype than the lipid and obesity indices.

The triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index is a reliable biomarker for estimating insulin resistance; however, evidence regarding the use of the TyG index in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is scarce. Thus, we examined the association between the TyG index and the MHO phenotype. Apparently healthy men and women aged 18years or more with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30kg/m2) were allocated into the following groups: MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The MHO phenotype was defined by obesity and the absence of the following metabolic disorders: elevated triglyceride concentrations, elevated glucose levels, elevated blood pressure, and low HDL-C. The MUO was defined by individuals with obesity and at least one of the aforementioned cardiovascular risk factors. A total 827 individuals, 605 (73.1%) women and 222 (26.9%) men were enrolled and allocated into the MHO (n = 104) and MUO (n = 723) groups. The adjusted regression analysis by age, sex, BMI, and waist circumference showed that fasting glucose (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88-0.93), and triglycerides (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96-0.98), as well as the triglycerides/HDL-C (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.13-0.26), lipid accumulation product (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.96), visceral adipose index (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.31-0.46), and TyG index (OR = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.000-0.004) are inversely associated with the MHO, while the HDL-C (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.07-1.12) had a direct association. Our results show that the TyG index is more strongly associated with the MHO phenotype than the lipid and obesity indices.

Sex-Specific Comparison Between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Modified Triglyceride Glucose Indices to Predict New-Onset Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Background Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and TyG-related indices combined with obesity-related markers are considered important markers of insulin resistance. We aimed to examine the association between the TyG index and modified TyG indices with new-onset hypertension and their predictive ability stratified by sex. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 5414 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants aged 40 to 69 years. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to estimatethe hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for new-onset hypertension according to sex-specific tertile groups after confounder adjustments. To evaluate the predictive performance of these indices for new-onset hypertension, we calculated Harrell's C-index (95% CI). Over a 9.5-year follow-up period, 1014 men and 1012 women developed new-onset hypertension. Compared with the lowest tertile (T) group, the adjusted HR and 95% CI for new-onset hypertension in T3 for TyG, TyG-body mass index, TyG-waist circumference, and TyG-waist-to-height ratio were 1.16 (0.95-1.40), 1.11 (0.84-1.48), 1.77 (1.38-2.27), and 1.68 (1.33-2.13) in men and 1.37 (1.13-1.66), 1.55 (1.16-2.06), 1.43 (1.15-1.79), and 1.64 (1.30-2.07) in women, respectively. The C-indices of TyG-waist-to-height ratio for new-onset hypertension were significantly higher than those of TyG and TyG-body mass index in both men and women. Conclusions TyG and TyG-body mass index were significantly associated with new-onset hypertension only in women. TyG-waist circumference and TyG-waist-to-height ratio were significantly associated with new-onset hypertension in both men and women. A sex-specific approach is required when using TyG and modified TyG indices to identify individuals at risk of incident hypertension.

The triglyceride glucose index was U-shape associated with all-cause mortality in population with cardiovascular diseases

BackgroundThe triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index has been considered a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, related to a high risk of mortality. However, few studies have investigated the specific relationship between the TyG index and all-cause mortality among population with cardiovascular diseases.Methods2,072 participants with cardiovascular diseases were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014. The TyG index was calculated as log [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. The baseline levels of TyG associated with the risk of mortality were evaluated on a continuous scale (restricted cubic splines) and by a priori defined quantile categories with Cox regression models.ResultsAfter a follow-up of 16.8 years, 791 all-cause deaths and 184 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Restricted cubic splines showed that the association between levels of TyG index and the risk of all-cause mortality was non-linear (p < 0.001) and the TyG index associated with the lowest risk of all-cause mortality ranges 8.83 to 9.06 in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Compared with the reference quartile of 8.84 ~ 9.29, the multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.40 (1.13–1.74; p = 0.002) in the lowest quartile and 1.08 (0.88, 1.32; p = 0.475) in the highest quartile for all-cause mortality. However, TyG was not associated with cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsTyG index was U-shape associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in participants with cardiovascular diseases and the level associated with the lowest risk ranged 8.83 to 9.06.