Triglycerides And Glucose Index Research Articles

Diabetes mellitus prediction based on the triglyceride and glucose index

IntroductionIn Mexico, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) presents epidemiological levels with a prevalence rate of 9.12% and with the highest overweight and obesity rates worldwide. To overcome this situation, strategies must be created focused on the identification of subjects at risk. The Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) index, was created for the detection of insulin resistance, has recently been used in the prediction of DM. The objective of the present study was to determine the predictive power of the TyG index in a cohort from Mexico City. Methods3195 patients were selected from a cohort of patients from the chronic degenerative area of ​​the Health Centers of the Public Health Services of Mexico City. The ability of the TyG index in predicting diabetes was evaluated as: ln [Fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2] after a follow-up of at least 4.5 years. A CHAID test was determined that was corroborated by a ROC test. ResultsThe value of the TyG index was significantly higher for patients who develop DM2. Values ​​of AUC = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.924–0.924. Obtaining a cut-off point of 9.45 in women; in men: DM2 AUC = 0.824, 95% CI: 0.824–0.873, and cut-off point 9.12. ConclusionsThe TyG index is a good marker in the prediction of DM2. The CHAID determination is a useful tool in the prediction of DM2.

The triglyceride and glucose index and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A dose-response meta-analysis.

The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is associated with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the dose-response relationship between them is still unknown. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to study the dose-response association between the TyG index and the risk of NAFLD. We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases until July 2022 for relevant studies. The robust error meta-regression method was used to investigate the dose-response association between the TyG index and NAFLD. Summary relative risks (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated by using a random-effects model. A total of 4 cohort and 8 cross-sectional studies were included, with 28,788 NAFLD cases among the 105,365 participants. A positive association for the risk of NAFLD was observed for each additional unit of the TyG index with a linear association (p=0.82), and the summary OR was 2.84 (95% CI, 2.01-4.01). In the subgroup analyses, a stronger association of the TyG index with NAFLD was shown in females than in males (men: OR=2.97, 95% CI 2.55-3.46, women: OR=4.80, 95% CI 3.90-5.90, Psubgroup<0.001). The TyG index may be a novel independent risk factor for NAFLD beyond traditional risk factors. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42022347813).

The Triglycerides and Glucose (TyG) Index Is Associated with 1-Hour Glucose Levels during an OGTT.

Among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), subjects with high levels of plasma glucose (≥155 mg/dL) at sixty minutes during an oral glucose tolerance test (1h-OGTT) are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association between the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, a novel marker of insulin resistance, with 1h-OGTT glucose plasma concentrations. 1474 non-diabetic Caucasian subjects underwent a 75 g OGTT and were divided into two groups according to the cutoff 1h-OGTT plasma glucose &lt; 155 mg/dL (NGT-1h-low) and ≥ 155 mg/dL (NGT-1h-high). The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (milligrams per deciliter) × fasting blood glucose (milligrams per deciliter)/2]. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to establish the contribution of the TyG index to the variability of 1h-OGTT glucose, and how the former affected the risk of being NGT-1h-high. 1004 individuals were NGT-1h-low and 470 were NGT-1h-high. The TyG index was higher for NGT-1h-high (p = 0.001) individuals, and it was an independent factor influencing 1h-OGTT glycemia (β = 0.191, p &lt; 0.001) after correcting for age, sex, and BMI. The TyG index was the strongest marker associated with the risk of being NGT-1h-high (OR = 1.703, CI 95% 1.34-2.17, p &lt; 0.001) when compared with FPG (OR = 1.054, CI 95% 1.04-1.07, p &lt; 0.001) and the HOMA-IR (OR = 1.156, CI 95% 1.08-1.23, p &lt; 0.001). Our study demonstrated that the TyG index, an efficient and cost-effective marker of insulin resistance, is associated with the variability of early post-challenge glucose levels and is an independent marker of being NGT-1h-high.

The atherogenic index of plasma: A novel factor more closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than other lipid parameters in adults.

Background and aimsThe relationship of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is unclear. This study aims to detect the association between AIP and NAFLD, compare the discriminative power of AIP with other lipid parameters for NAFLD, and establish a discriminant model using physical examination data.MethodsParticipants aged over 20 years who underwent routine physical examination in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from April 2016 to August 2020 were included. We categorized subjects based on hepatic ultrasound results and analyzed the association between NAFLD risk and AIP, conventional plasma lipids, remnant cholesterol (RC), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, and other atherogenic indices (n = 112,200) using logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsOut of the 112,200 subjects, 30.4% had NAFLD. The body weight index, plasma glucose, conventional lipids, TyG index, AIP, atherogenic coefficient (AC), and coronary risk index (CRI) were significantly higher, while HDL-C was lower (p < 0.001) in patients with NAFLD than those without NAFLD (all p < 0.001). Compared with conventional lipids, RC, TyG index, AC, and CRI, AIP had a stronger correlation with the risk of NAFLD (OR 6.71, 95% CI 6.23–7.22, p < 0.001) after adjusting confounders and presented a non-linear dose–response relationship (p < 0.0001). The optimal cut-off value of AIP was 0.05 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.81–0.82) with high sensitivity and specificity. The AUC of the simplified three-variable NAFLD discriminant model was 0.90 in both the training set and the validation set.ConclusionAIP was significantly associated with NAFLD and showed superior discriminative performance to other lipid parameters. These findings might help screen NAFLD in high-risk individuals and reduce the prevalence of NAFLD.

Predicción de diabetes mellitus basada en el índice triglicéridos y glucosa

IntroductionIn Mexico, type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) presents epidemiological levels with a prevalence rate of 9.12% and with the highest overweight and obesity rates worldwide. To overcome this situation, strategies must be created focused on the identification of subjects at risk. The Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) index, was created for the detection of insulin resistance, has recently been used in the prediction of DM. The objective of the present study was to determine the predictive power of the TyG index in a cohort from Mexico City. Methods3195 patients were selected from a cohort of patients from the chronic degenerative area of the Health Centers of the Public Health Services of Mexico City. The ability of the TyG index in predicting diabetes was evaluated as: ln [Fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) x fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. after a follow-up of at least 4.5 years. A CHAID test was determined that was corroborated by a ROC test. Resultsthe value of the TyG index was significantly higher for patients who develop DM2. Values of AUC=0.934, 95% CI: 0.924-0.924. Obtaining a cut-off point of 9.45 in women; in men: DM2 AUC=0.824, 95% CI: 0.824-0.873, and cut-off point 9.12. ConclusionsThe TyG index is a good marker in the prediction of DM2. The CHAID determination is a useful tool in the prediction of DM2.

Comparison of three non-insulin-based insulin resistance indexes in predicting the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) has emerged as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CAD), but there is currently insufficient data on the association of non-insulin-based IR indexes [triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR)] with the presence and severity of CAD. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between these three non-insulin-based IR indexes and CAD, as well as to further compare the predictive values of each index.Materials and methodsIn total, 802 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD from January 2016 to April 2017 were included in this study and were divided into the control group (n = 149) and CAD group (n = 653) according to the angiography results. The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index), and METS-IR were calculated according to the corresponding formulas. The severity of CAD was evaluated using the Gensini score (GS). The relationship of the TG/HDL-C ratio, TyG index, and METS-IR with CAD was analyzed, and the predictive values of the indexes were compared.ResultsThe TG/HDL-C ratio, TyG index, and METS-IR in the CAD group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The TG/HDL-C ratio and METS-IR in the high GS group were significantly higher than those in the non-high GS group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TG/HDL-C ratio and METS-IR were independent predictors for the presence of CAD {adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.32 (1.02–1.70) and 1.65 (1.32–2.05), respectively}, whereas only the METS-IR was an independent predictor of the severity of CAD [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.22 (1.02–1.47)]. Further subgroup analysis indicated that statistical significance was observed only among men, younger patients (≤ 60), and patients with prediabetes mellitus (PDM). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the METS-IR had the highest predictive value for the prediction of both the presence and severity of CAD.ConclusionThe TG/HDL-C ratio, TyG index, and METS-IR are valuable predictors of the presence and severity of CAD, and the METS-IR has the highest predictive value among the three non-insulin-based IR indexes.

Risk prediction of the metabolic syndrome using TyG Index and SNPs: a 10-year longitudinal prospective cohort study.

TyG (triglyceride and glucose) index using triglyceride and fasting blood glucose is recommended as a useful marker for insulin resistance. To clarify whether the TyG index is a marker for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate the importance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MetS diagnosis. From 2001 to 2014, a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 3580 adults aged 40-70years was conducted. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and Youden index (YI) was calculated to assess the diagnostic value. During the 14-year follow-up, 1270 subjects developed MetS. Five SNPs in four genes (BUD13 rs10790162, ZPR1 rs2075290, APOA5 rs2266788, APOA5 rs2075291, and MKL1 rs4507196) significantly correlated with susceptibility to MetS (p < 0.00005). The areas under the curve of TyG index and HOMA-IR were 0.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.841-0.867) and 0.702 (95% CI, 0.684-0.721), respectively. Despite no statistical significance, AUROC and YI were increased when MetS was diagnosed using TyG index and the five SNPs. TyG index might be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of developing MetS. The combination of TyG index and SNPs showed better diagnostic accuracy than TyG index alone, indicating the potential value of novel SNPs for MetS diagnosis.

Evaluating Triglyceride and Glucose Index as a Simple and Easy-to-Calculate Marker for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality.

The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is a useful marker of insulin resistance and is a predictor of several metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the TyG index and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality using a large population-based cohort study database. A total of 255,508 subjects in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study cohort were enrolled. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the risk of mortality. During a median 5.7-year follow-up, the cumulative all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was 0.47% and 0.07%. There was a nonlinear relationship between the TyG index and death, and moving from moderate to high, the TyG index levels were associated with an increase in the risk of death. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of the TyG index was 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.28] and 1.45 (95% CI 1.26-1.66) in the unadjusted model, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, the association between the TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was attenuated. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the TyG index was associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality in women (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.26) and a decreased risk in men (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99). The association between cardiovascular mortality and the TyG index was not statistically significant among either men or women in the multivariable-adjusted model. The TyG index in a young, relatively healthy, population is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This association between the TyG index and all-cause mortality persists in women after multivariable adjustment.

Triglyceride and glucose index is a simple and easy-to-calculate marker associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a large, population-based cohort study database. A total of 52,575 participants were enrolled from 2007 to 2013 in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study cohort. The presence of NAFLD was ascertained by ultrasonography in the absence of other known liver diseases. Over a median 5.1 years of follow-up, 7,292 participants (13.87%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. In a multivariate-adjusted model, the hazard ratio for NAFLD of the TyG index was 1.413 (95% CI: 1.349-1.480) in the first 6 months, 1.480 (95% CI: 1.408-1.556) in months 6 to 12, 1.427 (95% CI: 1.370-1.485) in months 12 to 18, and 1.246 (95% CI: 1.159-1.339) in months >18. The hazard ratios of triglycerides, glucose, fatty liver index, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance for NAFLD in months >18 were 1.124 (95% CI: 1.061-1.190), 1.037 (95% CI: 0.970-1.109), 1.508 (95% CI: 1.417-1.605), and 1.177 (95% CI: 1.116-1.242), respectively. The NAFLD-free rate decreased with increasing TyG index quartile (p < 0.001). The TyG index level from which the risk of NAFLD increased appeared to be 8.24. This study found that the TyG index is a simple and easy-to-calculate marker associated with NAFLD.

Abstract #1184266: ASSOCIATION OF TRIGLYCERIDE AND GLUCOSE (TyG) INDEX WITH CAROTID INTIMAL MEDIAL THICKNESS (IMT) IN APPERANTLY HEALTHY SUBJECTS : THE CHENNAI URBAN RURAL EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY (CURES)

Insulin resistance has been associated with metabolic syndrome , diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index can be obtained easily by measuring blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels. It has also shown to be a useful surrogate to identify insulin resistance in healthy subjects. Carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) is a marker, which is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. This paper deals with the relationship between TyG index and carotid IMT in apparently healthy subjects.

The Triglycerides and Glucose Index Is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Background It has been reported that insulin resistance is related to cognitive decline. The triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, is a reliable and inexpensive surrogate test for detecting insulin resistance. Aims The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between the TyG index and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. Methods A total of 135 individuals, men and women aged 60 to 90 years, were enrolled in a case and control study. Individuals with a diagnosis of MCI (n = 65) were allocated into the case group and compared with individuals without MCI (n = 70) in the control group. Alcohol intake, diabetes duration ≥5 years, diagnoses of cerebrovascular disease, brain injury, folic acid deficiency, dementia, moderate or severe CI, major depressive disorders, and thyroid disease were exclusion criteria. Results Individuals in the case group exhibited higher waist circumference (97.9 ± 13.9 versus 93.5 ± 13.0, p = .001) and TyG index (5.0 ± 0.3 versus 4.1 ± 0.2, p = .001) than individuals in the control group. The TyG index ≥4.68 (OR 6.91; 95% CI 2.05–11.68) and waist circumference (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06) were positively associated with MCI, while education level (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.30–0.61), occupation (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59–0.61), and exercise (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.22–0.52) were inversely associated with MCI. After controlling for sex, age, waist circumference, education level, occupation, and exercise, a TyG index ≥4.68 remained significantly associated with MCI (OR 2.97; 95% CI 1.12–14.71). Conclusion The TyG index is independently associated with the presence of MCI in older people.

The triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index: A new marker associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese patients

AimDiagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) relies on liver biopsy. Noninvasive tools would be useful to target patients to refer for a biopsy. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, an insulin-resistance indicator, to predict NASH. MethodsOur study included grade II-III obese patients aged 18-65 years undergoing bariatric surgery and included in the COMET (COllection of MEtabolic Tissues) biobank (NCT02861781). Liver biopsies performed during bariatric surgery were collected from the biobank along with blood derivatives. Biopsies were analysed according to the steatosis, activity and fibrosis (SAF) scoring system to diagnose NASH, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and fibrosis. Logistic regression models were performed to identify factors predicting NASH, NAFLD, and fibrosis. ResultsOf 238 analysed subjects (mean age 43±12 years, 33.6% men), 29% had type 2 diabetes. Steatosis was present in 67.2%, while NASH and advanced fibrosis (stage F3) were diagnosed in 18.1% and 2.9% respectively. TyG index was independently associated with NASH (odds ratio (OR): 4.7 [95% confidence interval: 2.3;9.5] P < 0.0001), NAFLD (OR: 2.0 [1.1;3.7] P = 0.03) and stages 2-3 fibrosis (OR: 4.0 [1.5;10.8] P = 0.007). NASH was also predicted by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) with an area under the ROC curve: 0.79 [0.71;0.87 P = 0.04] for GGT and TyG index combined. ConclusionIn our cohort of severely obese patients, TyG index, when associated with GGT level, exhibited high diagnostic performance to predict NASH. Although validation in larger populations is needed, this result may be of considerable clinical value to predict need for liver biopsy.

Triglyceride and glucose index: a useful tool for non-alcoholic liver disease assessed by liver biopsy in patients with metabolic syndrome?

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic impairments, being a component of metabolic syndrome. Considering the involvement of fat accumulation and insulin resistance in NAFLD, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index was proposed as a marker of NAFLD progression. The “gold standard” for the evaluation of liver lesions characteristic for NAFLD remains the liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to establish the links between TyG index, assessing insulin resistance, and histopathological lesions of liver samples obtained by liver biopsy in patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients, Materials and Methods: We conducted a study over a period of three years, including 113 adult patients with metabolic syndrome in whom hepatic disorders were assessed by liver biopsy and insulin resistance was evaluated by TyG index. Results and Discussions: In our study, steatosis had a frequency of 92.03%, being identified 26 cases with mild steatosis, 48 with moderate steatosis and 31 with severe steatosis. Regarding non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the frequency of this disorder in our study group was 29.2% in the subjects with liver steatosis, while liver fibrosis had a frequency of 53.09%. When we analyzed the relationships between TyG index and the presence of each type of lesion necessary for NASH diagnosis, we obtained statistically significant differences for the presence of hepatocyte ballooning (p=0.01) and a high statistically significance for the NAFLD activity score (NAS) (p<0.0001). Conclusions: TyG index is a facile tool that can be used to identify patients at risk for advanced NAFLD lesions evaluated by liver biopsy.

The Triglycerides and Glucose Index is Negatively Associated with Insulin Secretion in Young Adults with Normal Weight.

Several studies have supported the usefulness of the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance; however, it has not been evaluated in insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the TyG index and insulin secretion in young adults with normal weight. Apparently healthy non-pregnant women and men, aged 18 to 23 years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Overweight, obesity, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, liver disease, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia were the exclusion criteria. Normal weight was defined by a body mass index (BMI)≥18.5<25.0 kg/m2 and the TyG index was calculated as the Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) x fasting glucose (mg/dl)]/2. A total of 1676 young adults with normal-weight, 1141 (68%) women, and 535 (32%) men were enrolled. Of them, 269 (16%) individuals exhibited insulin resistance; 213 (12.7%) women and 56 (3.3%) men. The linear regression analysis adjusted by gender, BMI, and waist circumference showed a significant association between the TyG index and HOMA-B (B=-35.90; 95% CI:-68.25 to-3.54, p=0.03) in the overall population. An additional analysis adjusted by BMI and waist circumference revealed that the TyG index is significantly associated with HOMA-B in subjects with and without insulin resistance (B=-104.73; 95% CI:-204.28 to-5.18, p=0.03 and B=-74.72; 95% CI:-108.04 to-41.40, p<0.001). The results of this study showed that the TyG index is negatively associated with insulin secretion in young adults with normal weight.

Prognostic Value of Triglyceride and Glucose Index for Incident Type 2 Diabetes beyond Metabolic Health and Obesity.

BackgroundMetabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is metabolically heterogeneous in terms of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previously, the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index has been considered for identifying metabolic health and future risk of T2D. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of incident T2D according to obesity status and metabolic health, categorized by four different criteria and the TyG index.MethodsThe study included 39,418 Koreans without T2D at baseline. The risk of T2D was evaluated based on four different definitions of metabolic health and obesity status and according to the baseline TyG index within each metabolic health and obesity group.ResultsDuring the median follow-up at 38.1 months, 726 individuals developed T2D. Compared with the metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) group with low TyG index, the MHO group with high TyG index showed increased risk of T2D in all four definitions of metabolic health with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76 to 3.75), 3.72 (95% CI, 2.15 to 6.43), 4.13 (95% CI, 2.67 to 6.38), and 3.05 (95% CI, 2.24 to 4.15), when defined by Adult Treatment Panel III, Wildman, Karelis, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) criteria, respectively.ConclusionMHO subjects with high TyG index were at an increased risk of developing T2D compared with MHNO subjects, regardless of the definition of metabolic health. TyG index may serve as an additional factor for predicting the individual risk of incident T2D in MHO subjects.

Novel Index Value of Fibrinogen and Glucose in Risk Assessment with HOMA-IR

In Type 2 diabetes, Insulin resistance leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Early diagnosis prevents this complication. Previous studies confirm the association between fibrinogen level and insulin sensitivity but compound effect of glucose and fibrinogen risk levels are not analysed in insulin resistant non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Present study deriving model index with the combination of fibrinogen, glucose value (FiG) and investigating whether linked to HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and glucose (TyG) index also finding alternative index in type 2 diabetes insulin-resistant patients. The study includes 30 Type 2 Diabetic patients and 20 Nondiabetics (control). Fasting serum samples were used to measure Insulin, Triglyceride. A fasting plasma sample was used to measure Glucose and Fibrinogen. The Fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, TyG index and the Fibrinogen-Glucose (FiG) novel index between Non-diabetic and Diabetic at a significance of p value < 0.001 level. Serum insulin level shows a significant difference between Non-diabetic and Diabetic at p value < 0.05 level. Also, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) explains the FiG novel index with the good value of are under the curve by 0.877. The FiG index value shows a good correlation with HOMA-IR, and TyG index value also predicts the value of a variable on the value of another variable through linear regression. Hence, it could be suggested for beneficial index value in type 2 diabetes insulin resistant and its complication like cardiovascular diseases.

The Association between Triglycerides and Glucose (TyG) Index and Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) has become an attractive option due to the highly available and inexpensive biochemical markers for diagnostic of insulin reciatance (IR). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TyG index and parameters of metabolic syndrome patients.&#x0D; Method: A cross-sectional was conducted in outpatient polyclinics of the Endocrine-Metabolic division of RSUP H Adam Malik Medan. Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome: (i) abdominal obesity: waist circumference of ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men in Asean, measured at the umbilical level in a standing position; (ii) systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥85 mmHg (or treatment with an antihypertensive medication), measured in all subjects using a validated digital electronic tensiometer in both upper limbs in a seated position after 15 minutes of rest; (iii) triglycerides levels (TG) of ≥150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or statin/fibrate treatment; HDL-cholesterol levels (HDL-C) of &gt;80 cm in women and &gt;90 cm in men).&#x0D; Result: In this study there were 20 metabolic syndrome patients. From the data, all patients are obese and HbA1c is normal. There is a significant relationship between TyG and HDL-C and TG (r=-0.60; p=0.005** and r=0.88, p= 0.001**, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between TyG and HDL-C and TG of metabolic syndrome patients.&#x0D; Keywords: TyG, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters

The elevation of serum uric acid depends on insulin resistance but not fasting plasma glucose in hyperuricaemia.

The association between serum uric acid (SUA) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has not been fully outlined, in particular in hyperuricaemic population. This study aimed to address this issue, along with the exploration of the role of insulin resistance that was assessed by triglyceride-and-glucose (TyG) index. A total of 16,297 participants without known diabetes from the SENSIBLE and SENSIBLE-Addition studies were included in the present analysis. Hyperuricaemia was defined as SUA ≥6 mg/dL. Generalised addictive model was applied to establish the relationship of SUA with FPG, and mediation analysis was performed to assess how insulin resistance affected the relationship. SUA showed an inverted U-shaped association with FPG, with the turning point of FPG at 6.1 mmol/L and 7.5 mmol/L in normouricaemic and hyperuricaemic participants, respectively. However, the significant relationship between SUA and FPG disappeared in hyperuricaemic participants (form B=3.3, 95% CI: 0.6-5.9, p=0.016 to B= -0.2, 95% CI: -3.1-2.7, p=0.894), and attenuated in normouricaemic participants (from B=9.8, 95% CI: 8.0-11.7, p<0.001 to B=7.3, 95% CI: 5.3-9.2, p<0.001) after controlling for TyG index. In the ascending segment, the relationship between SUA and FPG was partially mediated by TyG index in normouricaemic participants, but fully in hyperuricaemic participants. SUA had an inverted U-shaped relationship with FPG, and their positive relationship was fully mediated by insulin resistance in participants with hyperuricaemia but not those without.

Lipid indices as simple and clinically useful surrogate markers for insulin resistance in the U.S. population

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of novel lipid indices, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), in identifying insulin resistance and establish valid cutoff values. This cross-sectional study used the data of 11,378 adults, derived from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016). Insulin resistance was defined as a homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance value above the 75th percentile for each sex and race/ethnicities. The area under the curves (AUCs) were as follows: VAI, 0.735; LAP, 0.796; TyG index, 0.723; TyG-BMI, 0.823, and; TyG-WC, 0.822. The AUCs for TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly higher than those for VAI, LAP, and TyG index (vs. TyG-BMI, p < 0.001; vs. TyG-WC, p < 0.001). The cutoff values were as follows: VAI: men 1.65, women 1.65; LAP: men 42.5, women 42.5; TyG index: men 4.665, women 4.575; TyG-BMI: men 135.5, women 135.5; and TyG-WC: men 461.5, women 440.5. Given that lipid indices can be easily calculated with routine laboratory tests, these values may be useful markers for insulin resistance risk assessments in clinical settings.

The triglycerides and glucose index is strongly associated with hepatic steatosis in children with overweight or obesity.

Given the worldwide increase prevalence of overweight, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index is associated with hepatic steatosis in children with overweight or obesity. Apparently healthy children aged 5‑17years were included and allocated into the groups with and without hepatic steatosis. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)]/2. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography. A total of 177 children, 66 (37.3%) girls and 111 (62.7%) boys, were included in the study. According to the hepatic ultrasonography, they were allocated into the groups with (n = 100) and without (n = 77) hepatic steatosis. The adjusted analysis by gender, body mass index, and waist circumference revealed that HDL-C (OR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99), triglycerides (OR 1.005; 95% CI: 1.001-1.009), AST (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.008-1.07), ALT (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05), and TyG index (OR 4.07; 95% CI: 1.26-13.15) remained associated with hepatic steatosis.Conclusion: Compared to other biochemical markers, the TyG index is highly associated with the presence of fatty liver in children with overweight and obesity. What is known: • The triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index is effective in predicting high risk for incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults. What is new: • Compared to other biochemical markers, the TyG index is highly associated with the presence of fatty liver in children with overweight or obesity. • The triglycerides and glucose index may be a useful tool to detect children at high risk of fatty liver.