Human Trichinosis Research Articles

Detection of Specific Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) and Total IgE Levels in Human Trichinosis by Means of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa)

Sera from 58 cases of confirmed human trichinosis were examined over an 11-month period. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of class-specific serum antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) and for total serum IgE. The indirect immunofluorescent test served as reference technique. The ELISA proved to be more sensitive. Specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA in 100% of the clinical cases. Both IgG and IgM were demonstrable throughout the observation period of 11 months. Specific serum IgA was seen in 62% of the patients during the first 3 months, presumably the result of stimulation of the immune system by the adult worms in the intestine. Specific serum IgE was seen in a few cases only at the onset of the disease. Total serum IgE levels were elevated in 32% of the patients in the first month of the disease and in 17% after 11 months, compared to 10% of healthy individuals.

A simplified radioimmunoassay technique for hydatid disease and human trichinosis

A. A comparative study of a simplified radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique with the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test in the diagnosis of 72 patients with hydatid disease indicated the greater sensitivity of the former. Both methods had an equal specificity in 60 control patients. RIA will serve as a useful addition to tests already available in hydatid serology. B. A comparison of the (RIA) technique with fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in the diagnosis of 33 patients with early, active trichinosis and 30 healthy controls indicated an equal sensitivity and specificity of both methods. The adoption of RIA as an easier method is recommended. This study of a simplified radioimmunoassay technique for the diagnosis of hydatid disease and trichinosis in man is presented in two sections.

Renal involvement in human trichinosis

Renal involvement in human trichinosis

Renal Involvement in Human Trichinosis

A renal clinicopathologic study was made in five patients with trichinosis. The patients had mild proteinuria and abnormal urinary sediment that disappeared after the disease was under control. Creatinine clearance was normal in all cases. p-Aminohippurate clearance was decreased in two patients who had hypoalbuminemia. A renal biopsy specimen showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with deposition of immunoglobulins and C3 in the mesangial areas and along the capillary loops. Glomerular fibrin deposition was noted in one case. Deposition of hyaline material and C3 was observed in the arteriolar wall. Tubular interstitial changes were not present.

A survey on human trichinosis in Iran

A survey on human trichinosis in Iran

Changes in Enzyme Activity in Human Trichinosis

Changes in enzyme activity in human trichinosis have been studied. The activities of 19 enzymes and some isoenzymes were investigated in 12 patients from the 3rd to the 20th week. The activities of muscle-specific enzymes (CK, ALD and MK) were greatly increased with peaks during the 4th week; activities returned to normal ranges during the 7th and 8th weeks. Liver-specific enzymes (GTP, OCT, guanase, GLDH, SDH and MDH) and AP, ChE, cerulosplasmin remained within normal limits in all patients with the exception of a child who died. An explanation of the origin of hyperenzymemia is proposed on the basis of these investigations. The data obtained support the proposition that hyperenzymemia is of muscular origin and that the liver is seldom affected in case of trichinosis.

Trichinosis Among Thais Living in New York City

Two outbreaks of trichinosis occurred among recent Thai immigrants to New York City. The first outbreak occurred in 1971 and involved three members of one family who had eaten raw pork. The second outbreak occurred in 1973 and affected 20 individuals, all of whom had eaten portions of the same raw pork preparation. In Thailand, raw pork dishes are commonly eaten but, owing to the absence of the infection in domestic swine, human trichinosis is rare. Thai immigrants, who are unaware of the dangers of eating raw pork in this country, are a high-risk group for trichinosis.

A rapid screening haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of human trichinosis

A new technique that can be use for the rapid detection of human trichinosiv in large population groups is described. It consists of utilization of formalinized sheep's erythrocytes and a very small amount of serum. This test appears to be as sensitive and specific as the indirect haemagglutination method.

The Present Status of Human Trichinosis in Greece

The Present Status of Human Trichinosis in Greece

Serum proteins in human trichinosis

Of 200 patients suffering from trichinosis, the course of the disease was mild in one hundred, moderate in sixty-six and severe in thirty-four. The following laboratory tests were performed serially: serum total protein and its electrophoretic pattern, thymol turbidity, serum pseudocholinesterase activity and serologic tests (i.e., complement fixation and precipitation). Proteinuria was estimated by the tannin method. The greatest decrease in serum total protein, especially albumin, was found in the fourth and fifth week of the disease and was related to its severity. Proteinuria was also more prominent in severe cases of trichinosis. A relative and absolute increase in gamma globulins paralleled the increased titer of serologic tests and abnormal thymol turbidity test. In thirty-five persons, follow-up examinations were made within one to twenty months after discharge and almost complete normalization of the previously abnormal tests was found.

EXAMINATION OF HUMAN DIAPHRAGMS FOR TRICHINOSIS IN HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

In view of the finding of Trichinella spira spiralis in three species of mammals born in Hokkaido, it is thought that the parasite may also infect other species of animals in Japan, including man. Although examination of human diaphragms in a small series of 149 autopsies in Hiroshima and 37 autopsies in Nagasaki (by digestion, compression, and microscopic sections) failed to reveal any instance of trichinous infection, it is that the existence or absence of human trichinosis in Japan can be determined only by examination covering a larger series of autopsies, and performed in various parts of the country. ACTA PATH. JAP.18: 245–247, 1968.

The occurrence of Trichinella spiralis in New Zealand pigs, rats and cats.

Abstract Extract In October, 1964, a case of human trichinosis was diagnosed in Auckland and it seemed likely that the disease had been contracted by eating locally raised pigmeat which was infected with Trichinella spiralis. Subsequently, the Parasitology Department of this Centre, in association with the Meat Inspection Division of the Department of Agriculture, conducted a survey on adult pigs killed in the Auckland Province to determine whether infection of pigs occurred in the area and to try to obtain an indication of its prevalence.

In Vitro Studies on Ancylostoma Caninum With Thiabendazole with Observations on Larval Exsheathment

Our recent reports (1, 2, 3) on the clinical effectiveness of thiabenzadole in creeping eruption may stimulate other workers to do in vitro studies on the larval forms of the offending organisms. Hundreds of substances have been evaluated by these technics in the past (4, 5, 6). In this report we hope to caution other workers as to some of the problems that may be encountered. Thiabendazole is a new anthelmintie with a wide range of activity (7). It has been used effectively to treat strongyloidiasis in South America (8) and Africa (9). The drug has been widely studied in the veterinary field and is now commercially available for use in animals. It has been found effective in experimental trichinosis in animals, and recently we (10) reported a rapid cure in a single case of human trichinosis. The fact that this drug had previously been shown to kill Trichinella spiralis larvae encysted in muscle suggested that it be used in creeping eruption which is also produced by nematode larvae. In vivo studies in dogs have shown the ability of this drug to protect the animals from the invasive form of Ancylostoma caminum larvae (11). Although the uses of thiabendazole are still expanding, it seems to be particularly effective against nematode larvae. The common creeping eruption of the southern and southeastern United States is produced by the larval forms of Ancylostoma braziliemse and Ancylostoma cami mum. Since A. braziliertse is the type which produces the more severe form, in which the larvae persist and migrate widely, it would be the best species to study. However, after searching the intestinal tract of cats in our area, we were able to find only adults of A. cami mum, so our studies are based on the larval form of this species.

TREATMENT OF TRICHINOSIS WITH THIABENDAZOLE. A PRELIMINARY REPORT.

THE PURPOSE of this preliminary report is to describe our observations on the use of thiabendazole (2-[4′-thiazolyl]-benzimidazole) in the treatment of trichinosis in humans. Extensive and well-documented animal experiments have indicated that the drug is rapidly absorbed and excreted in animals, that it has broad antihelminthic activity, and that toxicity is minimal.¹At the time the drug was used by us it had been administered, usually for one or two days, to approximately 4,000 humans for various helminthic infections. A case report on its use in the treatment of trichinosis was published inThe Journalsome months ago under the title "Thiabendazole: Probable Cure for Trichinosis."² <h3>Case Information</h3> On March 3, 1964, 11 executives of a major business organization had dinner in a restaurant. Within the next two to four weeks, six of these executives developed trichinosis and two others had some evidence of this disease. In addition, the

FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING IN THE SERODIAGNOSIS OF TRICHINOSIS

A fluorescent staining procedure for Trichinella spiralis and the appearance of the stained larvae are described. The applicability of the method to the sero-diagnosis of trichinosis was investigated. The results obtained both with the experimental and human sera agreed well with the complement-fixation results. In titrating 9 experimental sera and 36 sera from parasitologically proved or clinically diagnosed cases of trichinosis in humans, higher titers were obtained by the immunofluorescent staining, indicating that this test is somewhat more sensitive.

Feral trichinosis in Africa

1. 1) In this preliminary note the results are given of the examination of 537 animals from the area in Kenya where Forrester et al. (1961) described an outbreak of human trichinosis. 2. 2) T. spiralis larvae were found in a dog ( Canis familiaris) and a leopard ( Felis pardus) collected near Kerugoya on the lower slopes of Mount Kenya. The dog had eaten part of a wild pig ( Potamochoerus porcus) which was believed to be the source of the human infections. It is known that leopards also eat wild pigs. 3. 3) Four hundred and thirty-seven rodents and more than 50 carnivores which are known to eat rodents were examined; none was infected. 4. 4) T. spiralis larvae were found in a hyaena ( Crocuta crocuta) from the Masai plains more than 100 miles from Kerugoya. 5. 5) Trichinosis is believed to be rare in the tropics. There are no previous records of infections in wild animals in Africa. Man probably contracts trichinosis in Africa when he intrudes into a cycle confined to wild animals. The incidence and distribution of the infection in animals is not yet known.

A search for infections ofTrichinella spiralisin New Zealand pigs

Abstract Extract Following the occurrence of one case of human trichinosis in New Zealand in 1931 (Lynch, 1932 Lynch, P. P. 1932. N.Z. med. J., 31: 216–216. [Google Scholar]), a search was made for the larvae of Trichinella spiralis in the diaphragms of pigs. The examinations were made by pressing out pieces of muscle between two glass slides, and examining them under the microscope using a low-power objective. Samples from nearly 20,000 pigs were examined without any infections being found (N.Z. Dept. Agric, 1932 N.Z. Dept. Agric. 1932. Annual Report for 1931–32, : 57–57. [Google Scholar]).

The flocculation test with a purified antigen in the diagnosis of trichinosis in humans.

The flocculation test with a purified antigen in the diagnosis of trichinosis in humans.

Incidence of Trichinella infections in San Francisco, 1950.

About 20 years ago interest in human trichinosis in the United States was stimulated by Queen's work, 1 in which he showed the incidence of infections, as measured by recovery of larvae from human diaphragms by peptic digestion, to be far higher than would be indicated by the reported diagnoses of clinical trichinosis. His study was followed by those of a succession of investigators who used similar techniques. Extensive studies of trichinous infections in men and in hogs were made, notably by Hall and Collins, and others working with Willard Wright at the National Institute of Health. 2 It was established that infections by Trichinella spiralis were quite common. Larvae were found in about 16 per cent of the human diaphragms collected in various parts of the United States. Wright, Jacobs and Walton 3 concluded that there was no correlation between Trichinella infection and sex, civil or military status, past

STUDIES ON TRICHINOSIS: IV. HUMAN INCIDENCE IN MONTREAL

On the basis of 539 unselected samples examined, the incidence of human trichinosis in the Montreal district was found to be 1.5%.