Morphological characters support the description of five new species of Millettia, M. capuronii Du Puy & Labat, M. hitsika Du Puy & Labat, M. nathaliae Du Puy & Labat, M. orientalis Du Puy & Labat, and M. taolanaroensis Du Puy & Labat, and one new species of Pongamiopsis, P. viguieri Du Puy & Labat, from Madagascar. The genus Neodunnia R. Viguier is considered to be a synonym of Millettia, and two new combinations, M. aurea (R. Viguier) Du Puy & Labat and M. richardiana (Baillon) Du Puy & Labat, are made. REsUMt. L'etude des caractbres morphologiques permet la description de cinq nouvelles especes de Millettia: M. capuronii Du Puy & Labat, M. hitsika Du Puy & Labat, M. nathaliae Du Puy & Labat, M. orientalis Du Puy & Labat, et M. taolanaroensis Du Puy & Labat, et une nouvelle espece de Pongamiopsis, P. viguieri Du Puy & Labat, de Madagascar. Le genre Neodunnia R. Viguier est considere comme etant un synonyme de Millettia et deux nouvelles combinaisons, M. aurea (R. Viguier) Du Puy & Labat and M. richardiana (Baillon) Du Puy & Labat, sont faites. Prior to completion of an account of the subfamily Papilionoideae in Madagascar, six new species are described and illustrated and two new combinations are made in the closely related genera Millettia and Pongamiopsis. Millettia Wight & Arnott, with about 100 species, is one of the largest genera of the tribe Millettieae. The genus is mainly paleotropical, occurring in Asia and Africa, with only about five species in California and Mexico (formerly regarded as a separate genus Hesperothamnus T. S. Brandegee, see Geesink, 1984: 102-106). Prior to the present publication, only one variable species, M. lenneoides Vatke, a small tree, shrub, or liane was recognized in Madagascar: a total of eight species, all endemic, are now known to occur on the island. They are widely distributed throughout lowland Madagascar, but do not occur on the Central Plateaux. Hutchinson (1964) considered Neodunnia R. Viguier to be a synonym of Millettia, but it was regarded as a separate genus by Geesink (1981, 1984) on the basis of its solitary flowers produced from the bud scales or lowest nodes of new, emerging shoots. In fact, in M. (Neodunnia) richardiana, the flowers are produced in a cluster of 2-4 on a very short peduncle, the inflorescence being a reduced pseudoraceme. The second species, M. (Neodunnia) aurea, has a similar inflorescence but with the axis somewhat elongated and the flowers in two or three distant clusters: this species and the newly described M. nathaliae are intermediate with the main group of species with multi-flowered pseudoracemes. These species are otherwise very similar to other, more typical, Millettia species in Madagascar, and Neodunnia is not considered here to be distinct. Pongamiopsis R. Viguier is a genus of three species endemic to Madagascar (including the new species P. viguieri, described here). It is closely allied to Millettia, differing in its very swollen, ellipsoid pods, which do not taper toward the base, and its seeds, which are spherical or reniform, not flat and discoid as in Millettia species. The seeds also lack the rim aril extended into a short flap on one side, which is characteristic of Millettia in Mad-