Migration Of Tribes Research Articles

Ethnographic Study on Marriage Practices of Selected Groups in Socorro Surigao Del Norte, Philippines

This study aimed to determine and explore the marriage practices of the selected groups in Socorro, Surigao del Norte. The researcher believed that incorporating these ethnographic marriage practices on values education and ethics would help to understand the sociological, anthropological, and cultural concept of marriage and thus improve the family and society. This study used the Descriptive Phenomenological Research Approach using the Husserl method, as illustrated by Groenewald (2004), with transcribed semi-structured in-depth one-on-one interviews to explore the marriage practices of the selected group in Socorro, Surigao del Norte. A purposive sampling technique was used to find the eight (8) selected identified participants who are leaders, elders, and core members of the tribal group of Iglesia sa Socorro. Thematic analysis was used to determine the themes of the study. Based on the emerging themes, tribal migration and fanatic ideology were the primary historical background of the group's marriage practices. Findings revealed that the marriage practices of the selected groups of Socorro are based upon six emerging themes: customs, beliefs, bylaws, prohibitions, abuses, and trends.Marriage practices and customs are the ceremonial observance and procedures of the group. Beliefs are the faith and convictions of the tribes. Marriage practices, according to bylaws, are the rules and regulations. Prohibitions on marriage practices are the forbidden actions and rules on marriage practices. Abuses of marriage practices are the misuse, exploitation, and perversion of the customs. At the same time, the trending practices on marriage pertain to the new craze or mania observed or confirmed from outside the tribal norms in these current times. Marriage practices based on customs, beliefs, bylaws, and prohibitions are indigenous in traditions. In contrast, abuses of marriage practices and trending marriage practices are products of extremist viewpoints and conformation to outside traditions. They may result in dire consequences, including the destruction of marriage and, thus, the family.

Deciphering Tribal Migration through the Pages of Contemporary Literary Narratives in Translation

Migration, encompassing both international and internal movements, is a multifaceted and pervasive global phenomenon with social, economic and cultural implications. The internal migration of tribal population in India is one such movement that opens up avenues of discussion regarding the socio-cultural, economic and political impact of migration. Tribal migration currently in India, is propelled by the complex interplay of push and pull factors. The proposed paper intends to conduct a comprehensive analysis of tribal migration with the help of literary narratives written in regional literature translated to English. The study situates the selected texts in the framework of migration studies to examine the dynamics of tribal migration in India. While the existing studies problematize the event of tribal migration, the current examination endeavours to broaden its scope by analyzing both the challenges and benefits of migration for the tribal population in India. The study underscores that migration for education empowers the younger generation of tribal population from their disempowerment and marginalisation, owing to the fact that it would enable intercultural transactions and social exposure. Further, it foregrounds the tribal actuality of forced migration that ultimately accentuate their existing deprivation. An understanding of the aforementioned dual dynamics of tribal migration would enhance the contemporary social policies aiming at tribal empowerement.

Trends and Patterns of Migration from Jharkhand, India

Purpose of the study: The central aim of this study is to comprehend and delineate trends and patterns of migration in Jharkhand. The basic purpose behind taking up migration for the study is to understand the problem and its impact on social status, which is directly related to the development and empowerment of all sections of society. This paper brings different bodies of literature together to provide an organized and structured framework. Methodology: This paper has been written as a systematic literature review using Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The relevance of the included publications could be justified based on their language and relativity in the field of social sciences. Main Findings: Migration from Jharkhand encompasses various patterns, including labor migration, women's migration, seasonal migration, rural-urban migration, and tribal migration. Seasonal migration is particularly prevalent among marginalized and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups within the state. Research indicates a noteworthy inverse correlation between economic status and temporary migration, highlighting that economically deprived segments, such as Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes, exhibit a higher inclination toward seasonal migration. This trend underscores the distress-driven nature of migration in Jharkhand. Rural-to-urban migration accounts for over half of all seasonal migration, primarily driven by economic motives. Migration, to some extent, reflects the developmental processes underway in the region. Application of the study: The detailed analysis of the concept and paradigms involved in migration, will be most useful for academicians, post-graduate researchers, and graduate students who seek to specialize in the area of migration from Jharkhand. This paper will also be helpful to policymakers in analyzing the developmental process in Jharkhand. Originality/Novelty of the Study: This paper brings different bodies of literature together to provide an organized and structured framework. This ensured that the review process was more authentic and non-biased. The indexed literature was very helpful in the formation of a systematic literature review. The articles that are selected for study are mainly focused on evaluating trends and patterns of migration in Jharkhand.

Trends of Tribal Migration: A Study on Bastar Region in Chhattisgarh

This paper is an attempt to understand the emerging tribal migration patterns in five districts of Chhattisgarh and its impact on our society, culture, economic development and education. In this context, the present paper attempts to examine and it helps us to understand the current migration trend. Majority of the tribals migrate to others states due to better job opportunities, higher wages and good payment systems. The study found that economic and social factors significantly influence tribal migration. The elaboration of both primary and secondary data on tribal people migration helps us to understand the dynamics of present day mobility of tribals in Chhattisgarh.

Tribal Migration in Indian Censuses: A Neglected and Litigated Area

Tribal Migration in Indian Censuses: A Neglected and Litigated Area

Tribal Migration in Indian Censuses: A Neglected and Litigated Area

Tribe and caste migration in Indian Censuses did not get proper attention during the colonial as well as post-independence periods. Censuses in the post-independence period have followed a conservative approach to enumerating tribes, castes and religions. The migration data on Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs) have been presented since the 2001 Census, but its scope is limited. The enumeration of inter-state migration of STs is entangled in legislative jargon. When tribes in India have dipped into severe poverty and unemployment, forcefully alienated from forests and hills, confronted development-induced displacement, and migrated by distress driven to the urban centres in distant places in search of jobs. When the demand for independent territory or statehood, such as Nagalim, Zale’n-gam and many others, consolidating the tribal inhabited areas bifurcated into three to four neighbouring states leads to insurgency and mass cross-border movement of ethnic groups. The presumption of ST migration within the jurisdiction of the State/UT of enumeration in the Censuses during the post-independence period is delusive and very irrational. The study provides insight into such limitations of Census data on tribal migration, legislative jargon and politics involved with it. It also discusses the nature of provided data on tribal migration.

Ubuntu and Female Agency: Complicating Boundaries in Bessie Head's “The Deep River: A Story of Tribal Migration”

In this article I advance that, through a consideration of ubuntu in female agency, one can read a way in which patriarchal boundaries can be complicated through mutually beneficial relationships between men and women. The patriarchal setting of Bessie Head's “The Deep River: A Story of Tribal Migration” (The Collector of Treasures and Other Botswana Village Tales. London: Heinemann, 1977) presents expectations of how men should relate to women, thus setting boundaries that create a division between the sexes. The few scholars who have examined these boundaries tend to abet this division. On the one hand this is done by applauding men who do not oppress women, thus inadvertently casting women as helpless victims. On the other hand, there are scholars who laud women's audacity in challenging patriarchal boundaries, in a manner that erases men's contribution to the effort. In this article, I intend to add nuance to the concept of female agency, thus disrupting this binary that I read in existing scholarship on women's agency in “The Deep River”.

Proliferation of Tribal Migrants and Repercussion: Case Study from the Tribal Areas of Sundargarh District, Odisha (India)

The trends of migration introduce since human history, determined by their socio-economic conditions, culturally connection, political impediments and habitant circumstances. Migration is an inevitable element of human life, mostly believed to take place in search of a better livelihood, employment opportunities etc. But, a country like India, experiences different folds of human mobility due to its acute population, economic disparities and lack of employment opportunities. The study has structured the attitude of Tribal labour migrants of Sundargarh District, Odisha, a highly tribal populated region, a symbol of naturally attached to their land and forest. It has taken effort to trace down different driving factors leading to perpetual tribal migration from their ancestral land to different urban regions of the country. It has further analysed the socio-economic conditions at the place of their origin and destination to understand different nature and trends of migration among the rural tribals. This study has conducted intensive fieldwork in four selected blocks of Sundargarh district of Odisha, and primarily recorded to examine the socio-economic conditions of the tribals and their perception regarding migration. It also reveals some of the experiences of the respondents concerning their migration. The study finally finds that the migration among tribals is more a result of compulsion than a choice to have a better livelihood. Indeed, these poor tribals not only experience a tough life but also often prone to human rights violation in their new destination, just earn to tide over their distress situation, but no ways help to accumulate capital.

Role of migration in the formation of khorezmians in the territory of the lower Amudarya (VII-V centuries BC)

The article examines the migration processes that took place in the Khorezm oasis in the 7th-5th centuries BC. In general, the issue of tribal migration in Central Asia is one of the most pressing issues in the history of Central Asia today, and no final conclusions have been drawn on this topic. In this regard, on the basis of various sources, this article analyzes the role of the Khorezm oasis in migration in the 7th-5th centuries. BC.

Food Insecurity in Tribal High Migration Communities in Rajasthan, India.

The COVID pandemic and subsequent lockdown has disrupted food supplies across large parts of India, where even prior to the pandemic, food insecurity and malnutrition were widely prevalent. Tribal populations in southern Rajasthan, India, live in extreme scarcity, rely mainly on outward migration for sustenance, and have been significantly affected by the pandemic. In this study, we assess the availability of foodstuffs at the household level and community experiences about satiety and hunger during lockdown. We conducted a rapid assessment of food security in rural southern Rajasthan, India, using a structured questionnaire. Trained interviewers conducted telephonic interviews using KoBoToolbox, an open-source tool. A total of 211 respondents including community volunteers, family members of tuberculosis patients and malnourished children, pregnant women, and influential members in the villages participated in the study. A cereal was reported to be present by 97% of the respondents, two-thirds had pulses, and nearly half had milk. The amount of cereals available was adequate for about 5 months and that of pulses, oil/ ghee, and sugar for about 1 to 2 weeks. Two-thirds of the respondents reported that food in their households was sometimes not sufficient for the amount they wanted to eat, and 97% of these mentioned not having money to buy food as the reason for not having sufficient food. This study highlights widespread food insecurity among tribal communities in southern Rajasthan, and the scenario is likely to be similar in other tribal migration dependent areas of the country.

THE ROLE OF MIGRATIONS IN THE ETHNOHISTORICAL PROCESSES OF CENTRAL ASIA (the early middle ages)

The major objective of this article is to analyze the migrations of nomadic tribes, which led to a number of transformational changes in the territory of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages. The methods used in the work are structural-functional, comparative-historical, systematization and generalization. The migrations of tribes in the Medieval Period are one of the core issues of research in historical science today. The influence of this phenomena on ethnic processes can be barely revaluated. The study of the migrations of nomadic tribes makes it possible to determine the origins of ethno-glotto-cultural genesis, many political, economic and social events of medieval history. The ethno-historical characteristics of the migration processes which took place among the Turkic tribes of the Middle Ages contributed to the advancement of a number of hypotheses regarding the time of their appearance on the territory of Kazakhstan. Data from historical sources, also the research by scientists, allowed the authors to trace the history of some Kazakh tribes to the early stages of the beginning of the Turkic ethnic community. The conclusion of the study is migratory movements of tribes were a frequent phenomenon during the period being studied, which began with the collapse of state formations. They were formed on the basis of the effect of inner and outer factors associated with climatic, economic, demographic and political changes. In this regard, it can also be argued that the large movements of medieval tribes played the role of locomotives in the history of peoples. Key words: migration, ethnic processes, Turkic tribes, ethnonym, Central Asia

Stednavne og arkæologi i Danmark

Onamastics and archaeology in DenmarkThere is a long research tradition of coupling place-name studies with archae­ology. In the early 20th century, attention was focussed primarily on the reconstruction of past societies, including tribal migrations and the emergence of nation states. Several of these onamastic studies were characterised by an optimistic view of the value of the sources as evidence and the contemporaneity of the place names – optimism that cannot now be fully maintained, given today’s critical research appro­ach and awareness of the broad dating frames for the place-name types (fig. 1).Another significant area of conflict bet­ween place-name research and archaeology is settlement history. In the 1970s, a project with the title Landsbyens opståen – The origin of the village – was launched on the island of Funen. This challenged traditional settlement history, because the findings suggested that the historical villages – regardless of whether they bore names from the early or the late place-name layer – generally appeared to have been founded around the 11th-12th century. This led to discussions among place-name researchers about the potential usefulness of onamastic evidence in relation to settlement history: A discussion that was though, to a major extent, founded on differing views and understandings of the term continuity.Since the village research project on Funen there has been a massive increase in available archaeological data, and the questions relating to settlement history have been taken up anew. In several instances, the archaeological record now suggests a more varied date for the fixing of the location of historical villages than was previously the case. On Funen, for example, this is now thought to have taken place in the 7th century AD (fig. 2). The question of area continuity in relation to the age of the name types can, given the increased imperical evidence of recent years, now be discussed on a more qualified foundation (fig. 3) and, as a consequence, a new model for name conversion can be presented here (fig. 4).Over time, place names have seen frequent use in archaeology as site indicators – revealing the existence of lost settlements, snekke localities and strongholds and fortresses. The structure of society has also constituted a significant topic of interest in both archaeological and onamastic studies in recent decades. The emergence of a new category of metal-rich locality from the Late Iron Age in the late 1980s led to the formulation of an archaeological theory about central places. This theory fits surprisingly well with the results of some Swedish place-name studies, where repeated, uniform assemblages of characteristic place names – so-called central-place indicating name environments – are thought to be an onomastic expression of a similar phenomenon.Recent studies based on Danish evidence have not led to the identification of uniform central-place indicating name environments in Denmark, even though areas with several possible central-place indicating names have been observed (fig. 5).The landscape-archaeological approach of the 1990s has been of crucial importance for the important position occupied by place-name research in Danish archaeology today. The ongoing digitalisation of archives and records that is currently underway will mean that collating and combining these sources of information will become easier and more precise in the future. This, in turn, will hopefully lead to closer collaboration between the disciplines.Lisbeth Eilersgaard ChristensenOdense

JAN KAZIMIERZ JASKANIS (1932–2016) – A SON’S MEMORY OF HIS FATHER

A primeval archaeologist (MA 1955, PhD 1971), an organiser of protection for monuments in the Białystok province (1954–1980), Director of the Regional Museum in Białystok (1974–1980) and the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw (1980–2000). He dealt with archaeology, museology and the protection of monuments. He also popularised related knowledge and linguistic and religious issues. He established the provincial record of archaeological monuments as well as conservation archives, both of which were then developed at the museum. From 1959 to 1975 he was Scientific Secretary to the Yotvingia Scientific Expedition. He was a teacher, an editor and a social activist. He wrote over 200 publications, of which the most important are The funeral rite of the Western Balts at the end of antiquity (Warsaw, 1974); a critical study of Aleksander Brückner’s work Ancient Lithuania: tribes and gods: historical and mythological drafts (Olsztyn, 1979, 1984); Cecele. Ein Gräberfeld der Wielbark-Kultur in Ostpolen (Warsaw, 1996); Krupice. Ein Gräberfeld der Przeworsk- und Wielbark- Kultur in Ostpolen (Warsaw, 2005), Kurgans of leaders of the Wielbark culture at Podlachia (Białystok, 2012); and Switzerland. The cemetery of the Baltic Sudovian culture in north–eastern Poland (Warsaw, 2013). He specialised in researching Roman influence in Central Europe and the prehistory of north–eastern Poland, the culture of Baltic tribes (including the Yotvingians), Baltiysk and the Slavonic border, and in the Przeworsk and Wielbark cultures. He discovered and defined the Cecelska regional group, thus determining the late phase of the Wielbark culture, starting from the early period of Roman influence to its decline as a result of tribal migrations; their kurgans traced the areas of relocation of the Goths and the Gepids from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. His successful exhibitions included “The Balts – northern neighbours to the Slavs” (displayed in Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Italy and Germany several times), “Treasures of primeval Poland” (in Padua, Turin, Aquileia, Schollach) and “The prehistory of Warsaw” (Berlin). He was a member of museum councils as well as the council for museums at the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.

Impact of MGNREGA on Tribal Migration in Sarenga Development Block

<em>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme is one of the most important and largest public programme in India. The main objective of this programme is to provide 100 days of assured employment to rural household and to create sustainable asset. In this paper we have studied the secondary objective of MGNREGA that is to reduce migration and creation of sustainable asset in light of tribal perspective. In this paper we work in migration data for July 2007 to June 2008 NSSO & Census of India, 2011 data. By our analysis we find that Migration is a complex process, it is not always done due to poverty and desperate situation, but complex factors (facilities, education). People especially tribals are migrating due to lack of adequate agricultural land, inadequate agricultural production, less irrigation facilities, and acute water scarcity and stringent enforcement of Forest Laws before implantation of Forest Act. At the macro level analysis, correlation between migration and MGNREGA is very weak. From the literature as well as supported by the micro-assessment, MGNREGA is helping poor and weaker section of the community by providing employment at critical period of a year (seasonal migration). In principal, MGNREGA can help to reduce temporary migration but is ineffective in long period, when several factors would change together.</em>

Recent Trend of Tribal Migration in Meghalaya Plateau

Recent Trend of Tribal Migration in Meghalaya Plateau

The Making of Seaside's “Indian Place”: Contested and Enduring Native Spaces on the Nineteenth Century Oregon Coast

During the mid nineteenth century, non-Native settlement and activities disrupted and changed historic Chinook and Clatsop settlements along the Columbia River. Indian Place in Seaside, Oregon, became home to a number of displaced peoples and an enclave where “the living gathered with the remains of the dead,” for “modest protection from the apocalyptic changes that so radically disrupted tribal lands, lives, and worldviews.” Douglas Deur documents tribal migration to Seaside during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and calls attention to significant early residents of Indian Place. Transitional communities such as Indian Place, Deur attests, “defined the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Native experience in northwestern Oregon and beyond.” While the Indian Place no longer exists, it remains an “important [conduit] for tribal cultural knowledge, values, and practices that endure today.”

The Making of Seaside's “Indian Place”: Contested and Enduring Native Spaces on the Nineteenth Century Oregon Coast

During the mid nineteenth century, non-Native settlement and activities disrupted and changed historic Chinook and Clatsop settlements along the Columbia River. Indian Place in Seaside, Oregon, became home to a number of displaced peoples and an enclave where “the living gathered with the remains of the dead,” for “modest protection from the apocalyptic changes that so radically disrupted tribal lands, lives, and worldviews.” Douglas Deur documents tribal migration to Seaside during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and calls attention to significant early residents of Indian Place. Transitional communities such as Indian Place, Deur attests, “defined the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Native experience in northwestern Oregon and beyond.” While the Indian Place no longer exists, it remains an “important [conduit] for tribal cultural knowledge, values, and practices that endure today.”

Al-Ḥīra and Its Histories


 
 
 This study considers the production of history-writing in the Naṣrid kingdom of al-Ḥīra at the end of the sixth century. It argues that Ḥīran history-writing encompassed king-lists, stories of tribal migration, and episcopal histories for the see of Ḥīra, and that the majority of these were composed in the era of the last Naṣrid king, al-Nuʿmān III. It goes on to argue that the Ḥīran material embedded in later sources such as al-Ṭabarī reflects the politics of the Ḥīran court in the period ca. 590–610, the last generation of Ḥīran independence.
 
 

Town Politics in Eastern Arabia in the 1950s

This article analyses the traditional political institutions of the Arab shaikhdoms of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States (later the United Arab Emirates). Based on anthropological fieldwork during 1953–6, as well as historical research, it links the political authority prevailing in the Gulf in the 1950s with earlier political developments in the nineteenth century. It argues that political change in the shaikhdoms, both past and present, has never involved a change in the system of government, only a change of rulers. It also finds that tribal migrations or secessions between shaikhdoms played a key role in political alliances and the formation of shaikhdoms in Eastern Arabia: these movements were both a source of conflict between, and cohesion among, the shaikhdoms' various communities.

The Origins of the Foundation Stories Genre in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Eastern Mediterranean

This article examines two types of foundation narrative prevalent in the biblical literature in light of as-yet-undiscussed parallels from ancient Greek and Mediterranean texts. The first type, embodied in the Genesis narratives and Greek genealogical traditions, portrays the founders as leaving a distant land to settle peacefully in a new land. The second is exemplified by the central hexateuchal theme of the Israelites’ migration to Canaan by dispossessing the native population as well as the Dorian migration traditions. Several factors indicate that the foundation story genre also became central and foundational in other small kingdoms around the Mediterranean—as indicated, for example, by the Phoenician–Luwian inscriptions referring to bt Mpš/Mopsus and related classical sources. The popularity of the genre in the ancient Mediterranean is striking in light of the fact that, while experiencing tribal migrations and wanderings, the great Mesopotamian and Egyptian kingdoms never represented themselves as “immigrants.” It is suggested that this genre may have emerged with the rise of the new, small-scale kingdoms in the Mediterranean basin toward the end of the second millennium b.c.e. The Phoenician and Greek colonization enterprises of the first third of the first millennium b.c.e. in particular increased awareness of the newly emerging states and focused attention on ethnic identity.