Triangular Slot Research Articles

Dual Band X Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Applications

In this article electrically small, dual band, triple frequency X shaped patch antenna on a substrate of ceramic-PTFE composites is presented. The proposed X shape patch antenna with five rectangular slots produces dual band operation for Ku band applications and one for K band applications. In order to achieve multiband operation in conventional rectangular slot, it is introduced three equilateral triangle slots in left, right and upper edge respectively, and two small triangular slots are protruding both sides of the feed line. The simulated -10 dB return loss bandwidths were 528 MHz, 576 MHz and 804 MHz at 15.33 GHz, 17.6 GHz and 18.90 MHz center frequency. The corresponding symmetric and almost steady radiation patterns have peak gains of 4.80 dBi, 6.42 dBi and 3.91dBi making the proposed antenna suitable for K and Ku band satellite applications. The radiation pattern, antenna efficiency input impedance was also analyzed.

ACS fed Koch fractal antenna for wide-band applications

A compact Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) feed modified Koch fractal shape printed slot antenna is presented in this paper. It is suitable for Wireless, WiMax, WiBro and other important frequencies. Here, the operating frequencies of the triangular slot antenna are lowered by the Koch iterations technique resulting in compact antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits wideband frequency response. The simulated -10 dB bandwidth for this resonant frequency is 97.7% in the range of 2.7-7.88 GHz. The antenna exhibit omnidirectional radiation pattern with ≤3 dBi gain for entire band. Parametric study of different antenna is presented and discussed in this paper.

Compact-size linearly tapered slot antenna for portable ultra-wideband imaging systems

A compact-size asymmetrical linearly tapered slot antenna required for portable ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging systems is presented. The total antenna size is reduced compared with the conventional linearly tapered slot antenna by using a triangular slot on the left-hand side of the tapered-shaped radiator, whereas introducing a corrugated pattern of cuts on the right side. The antenna operates over a wide bandwidth extending from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a maximum gain of 8.5 dBi. Stable radiation patterns are observed across the operational bandwidth, with cross-polarization levels below −20 dB. The realized antenna structure occupies a volume of 35 × 36 × 0.8 mm3, and possesses the essential time domain fidelity needed for UWB imaging applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.

Optimization of a Triangular Slot Shape in a Tire Tread Block by Using the Finite Element Analysis and MPSO

The work of this paper presents the use of MPSO which is an evolutionary optimizer. The work objective is finding the optimal shape of triangular slot in a tire tread block. The numbers of design parameters with triangular slot are 9. They are used to characterize size and position of the triangular slot in a tire tread block. The optimization methods are implemented to solve two objectives. First, the normal contact stress at contact patch region must be lowest and second, the friction contact stress at the same region must be highest. Therefore, the problem type is bi-objective optimization. The finite element analyses are simulated by modeling of tire tread block contacting to the friction surface with commercial finite element program (ANSYS). The models are simulated as compressing and sliding or braking situation. The tire tread block is modeled as hyperelastic material which used the three basic tests, i.e., uni-axial tensile test, planar shear test and equal bi-axial tensile test. The best fitted of hyperelastic material model for the work is Ogden Hyper Foam order 3th. The results of work are present as the mean of design parameters which are accepted for two objectives.

Triple‐feed circularly polarized triangular slot antenna using metamaterial transmission lines

AbstractThis article presents a metamaterial transmission‐line‐based triple‐feed network, which is meant for wideband circularly polarized antennas. The feed network itself is capable of an octave bandwidth, from 1.6 to 3.2 GHz, for an amplitude error of ±0.5 dB and phase error of ±10°. Prototype of a triangular slot antenna was implemented to validate the proposed triple‐feed network. The measurement results show that the entire antenna has an impedance bandwidth (standing‐wave‐ratio ≤ 2) of 73.4%, whereas the 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth is obtained at 27%. Bidirectional beam patterns with opposed polarization senses have been observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1419–1423, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26821

A Novel Electrically Small Meandered Line Antenna with a Trident-Shaped Feeding Strip for Wireless Applications

A novel electrically small antenna (ESA) which based on the meandered line structure is designed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antenna whose total size is 13.50mm×13.51mm×0.8mm is designed to cater for the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band of 2.45 GHz with a 𝑆11<−10dB bandwidth of 3.9%. By introducing a trident-shaped feeding strip and inserting 4 pairs of triangular slot stubs at the central feed line, the resonant frequency of the antenna drops to 2.45 GHz from 2.50 GHz and the impedance matching is improved significantly. The dimension parameters of this antenna are optimized to achieve wide impedance bandwidth, reasonably high gain, as well as omnidirectional radiation pattern.

A compact CPW fed slot antenna for ultra wide band applications

A printed compact coplanar waveguide fed triangular slot antenna for ultra wide band (UWB) communication systems is presented. The antenna comprises of a triangular slot loaded ground plane with a T shaped strip radiator to enhance the bandwidth and radiation. This compact antenna has a dimension of 26 mm × 26 mm when printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. Design equations are implemented and validated for different substrates. The pulse distortion is insignificant and is verified by the measured antenna performance with high signal fidelity and virtually steady group delay. The simulation and experiment reveal that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance match, stable radiation patterns and constant gain and group delay over the entire operating band.

Design and Implementation of a Broadband Equilateral Triangular Parasitic Patch Microstrip Antenna Array for Wireless Applications

paper presents design and fabrication equilateral triangular parasitic patch microstrip antenna array with operating frequency at 2.42 GHz, for wireless communication systems. The Industry, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Band, unlicensed with the range 2.40 - 2.4835 GHz is used as the operation band. The maximum bandwidth can be achieved by controlling the distance between the patch antennas and by adjusting the probe feed position. Return loss of -33.23 dB with VSWR 1.10 at 2.42 GHz. The results shows that the proposed antenna has the impedance bandwidth of 120MHz for the array without triangular slot and 140MHz with triangular slot loaded ETMA planar array. The antenna parameters are investigated and optimization is performed by varying the feed position and substrate dielectric constant. The input and radiation characteristics are examined and compared. The various parameters are measured and practical results are presented and discussed.

A COMACT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

A single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. A triangular slot is introduced at the upper edge of the patch to reduce the resonant frequency. A small piece of triangular patch is added within the area of the triangular slot to improve the gain bandwidth performance of the antenna. The antenna size has been reduced by 46.2% when compared to a conventional square microstrip patch antenna with a maximum of 160MHz bandwidth and i27:36dB return loss. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern, gain and e-ciency of the proposed antenna is shown in this paper. The simple conflguration and low proflle nature of the proposed antenna leads to easy fabrication and make it suitable for the

Integrated Bluetooth and multi-band ultra-wideband antenna

A novel planar antenna integrated Bluetooth and multi-band ultra-wideband antenna is presented. This antenna is electromagnetically coupled to the feed microstrip-line on one side of the dielectric substrate, and through a via-hole, to a radiating element in the ground plane. By inserting a triangular slot inserted in the ground plane, a much wider impedance bandwidth from 2.7–15 GHz is realised. By inserting a complementary split-ring resonator (SRR) slot in the radiating element, two notched bands at WLAN (4.76–6 GHz) and some C-band satellite communication systems (6.6–7.5 GHz) are realised, and owing to the coupling between the two SRRs, the Bluetooth band will be generated.

A 2.3/3.3 GHz Dual Band Antenna Design for WiMax Applications

A triangular-slot antenna with rectangular patch for 2.3/3.3 GHz WiMax applications has been implemented on DICLAD 527 substrate (relative permittivity er = 2.5) with 1.524 mm of substrate thickness. A rectangular patch printed on one side of the substrate is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line and acts as the frequency tuning stub, while the triangular slot is positioned on the opposite side of the substrate, center lined to the rectangular stub. From the measurement results based on VSWR = 2 or equal to the return loss of 9.53 dB, at the lower band of 2.3 GHz the resulting impedance bandwidth is 290 MHz (from 2.16 to 2.45 GHZ) and at the upper band of 3.3 GHz is 370 MHz (from 3.31 to 3.68GHz), providing services for 2.3 GHz and 3.3 GHz frequency bands allocated for WiMax applications. The antenna gain measurement at 2.3 GHz frequency band is almost agrees with the simulation result of 3.2 dBi. While at 3.3 GHz the gain is approximately 4.4 dBi and continues to decrease with increasing frequency. The antenna gain measurement achieves maximum of 4.8 dBi (6 dBi from simulation) at about 3 GHz. The simulation and measurement results are evaluated and discussed.

Metamaterial-Based Microstrip Antenna Using Slot-Embedded Ground Plane for Bandwidth Improvements

In this letter, a new design of a metamaterial-based microstrip antenna is presented using triangular slots embedded on the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth. To improve the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna, two resonant mode frequencies are closely allocated using the slotted ground without changing the radiator element. The impedance bandwidth of VSWR < 2.5 is measured at 2.43GHz (37.6%) centered on 6.46GHz, from 5.24GHz to 7.67GHz in good agreements with the simulated results.

Isosceles Triangular Slot Antenna for Broadband Dual Polarization Applications

An isosceles triangular slot antenna is proposed for broadband dual polarization applications. The proposed design has a very simple antenna structure and a wide impedance bandwidth ( ~ 19.7% for |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | and |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> | les -10 dB) which can cover the 5 ~ 6 GHz frequency band for Wireless Local Area Network applications. Good isolation between the two input ports |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | and low cross-polarization radiation level (<-15 dB) are achieved, and the antenna gains radiated from the two diversity ports are almost equal and stable over the entire operating band. These features make the proposed antenna very attractive in broadband dual polarization applications.

Metamaterial-based antenna with triangular slotted ground for efficiency improvement

A metamaterial-based antenna is presented that consists of periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cells on the top plane and triangular slots on the bottom ground plane. This proposed microstrip patch antenna can yield left-handed, zeroth-order and right-handed metamaterial resonances owing to the asymmetrical periodic structure of honeycomb-like EBG. Experimentally, the efficiency of this antenna is improved by about 14.7% at the zeroth-order resonant mode as the triangular slot length on the ground plane is increased from 0 to 5.5 mm.

Compact UWB Planar Monopole Antenna

In this letter, a novel ultrawideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna is presented that has variable band-notch frequency characteristic. The triangular-shaped antenna is electromagnetically coupled to the feed microstrip-line on one side of the dielectric substrate, and this line also directly feeds, through a via-hole, a radiating element in the form of a triangular shape in the ground plane. By inserting an equilateral triangular slot in the ground plane, a much wider impedance bandwidth is realized. Furthermore, the dimensions of conductor plane radiating element and the truncated ground plane can be used to tune the antennas' band-notch and bandwidth characteristics.

Compact wideband Koch fractal printed slot antenna

A compact wideband printed slot antenna, suitable for wireless local area network (WLAN) and satisfying the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications, is proposed here. The antenna is microstrip-fed and its structure is based on Koch fractal geometry where the resonance frequency of a conventional triangular slot antenna is lowered by applying Koch iterations. The antenna size inclusive of the ground plane is compact and has a wide operating bandwidth. The proposed second iteration Koch slot antenna operates from 2.33 to 6.19 GHz covering the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The antenna exhibits omnidirectional radiation coverage with a gain better than 2.0 dBi in the entire operating band. Design equations for the proposed antenna are developed and their validity is confirmed on different substrates and for different slot sizes.

CPW-Fed Koch Fractal Slot Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A dual wide-band CPW-fed modified Koch fractal printed slot antenna, suitable for WLAN and WiMAX operations, is proposed in this paper. Here, the operating frequency of a triangular slot antenna is lowered by the Koch iteration technique resulting in a compact antenna. Studies on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna indicate that a modified Koch fractal slot antenna has an impedance bandwidth from 2.38 to 3.95 GHz and 4.95-6.05 GHz covering 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and the 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The antenna exhibits omnidirectional radiation coverage with a gain better than 2.0 dBi in the entire operating band. Empirical relations are deduced and compared with the results.

New Multi-Band Microstrip Antenna Design for Wireless Communications

This paper presents a new approach for the design of a multi-wideband microstrip-patch antenna. The radiating elements in this antenna are composed of rectangular slots following a Chebyshev distribution of order 10 around a center rectangular slot, and an additional triangular slot. These slots are engraved in the rectangular and triangular patch, joined together in one structure, and fed by one probe feed. A sample antenna was analyzed, simulated, fabricated, and tested. There was good agreement between the computed and test results. The new antenna can be used for several applications, especially in the GSM domain, and for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and several other applications, as detailed in this paper.

Triangular slot antenna with a double‐T‐shaped tuning stub for wideband operation

AbstractIn this study, a triangular slot antenna fed by a double‐T‐shaped tuning stub for wide bandwidth is proposed and experimentally studied. The prototype consists of a triangular slot model and double‐T‐shaped tuning stub. The effect of various parameters of the double‐T‐shaped tuning stub on wideband operation is investigated. From the experimental results, the measured impedance bandwidth, defied by VSWR 1:2, was found capable of reaching an operating bandwidth of 3.384 GHz, or 83.19%. The antenna radiation patterns and gains within the operating band were also measured and studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2123–2128, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22684

Fabrication and measurement of triangular‐slot antenna for triple‐band (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) antenna with rectangular tuning stub

AbstractIn this paper, a novel design of a triangular‐slot antenna with rectangular tuning stub for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz triple‐band applications is presented. The prototype consists of a triangular slot and rectangular tuning stub. Results show that the impedance matching of the proposed antenna is greatly affected by the feed gap width. Experimental results indicate that the impedance bandwidth (VSWR 1:2) of the proposed antenna is about 423 MHz for the 2.4‐GHz band and 1.92 GHz for the 5‐GHz band. The simulated and experimental results for the return loss, radiation patterns, and gains are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1793–1797, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22621