Triangular Slot Research Articles

Design of smiling‐face‐shaped band‐notched UWB antenna

A novel smiling‐face‐shaped band‐notched ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna is designed in this paper. First, antenna bandwidth is broadened by adding a pair of small semi‐circular stubs (ears) and etching a pair of symmetrical C‐shaped slots (eyes), a triangular slot (nose), and a U‐shaped slot (mouth) on the patch. Second, by adjusting the length of the ground plane and creating a stepped slot on the ground plane, antenna bandwidth covers 3–12 GHz. Third, a pair of L‐shaped slots (hands) is etched on the ground plane to create a notch, which can effectively suppress the interference signal in worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) (3.4–3.6 GHz) and satellite C band (3.7–4.2 GHz). Lastly, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results indicate the proposed antenna has good performance and can be widely used in UWB systems. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Compact multi frequency strip loaded microstrip patch antenna with spur-lines

In this paper a new design of compact single layered triangular slotted microstrip patch antenna with spur lines and strip loading is proposed. It has been experimentally investigated that strip loading causes more size reduction where spur lines and triangular slot introduces multi frequency operation of microstrip patch antenna. The size reduction has been found to be 87% for the proposed antenna. In this article the effect of strip loading and spur lines over compactness are individually analyzed.

BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF VIVALDI ANTENNA USING TRIANGULAR SHAPED SLOTS

This paper discusses about a bandwidth enhancement of Vivaldi antenna loaded using triangular shaped. Firstly, a normal Vivaldi antenna using FR-4 substrate had been designed. Then, the triangular shaped slots had been added at the upper layer of the antenna. It shows the better improvement in return loss, gain, directivity and bandwidth operated at frequency of 10 GHz after the addition of the triangular shaped slot. The advantages of a Vivaldi antenna such as simplicity, wide bandwidth, and high gain at microwave.The return loss of this Vivladiantenna with triangular slot is – 18.495 dB at resonant frequency of 10 GHz while for Vivaldi antenna is - 17.818 dB at 10 GHz for measurement result. This proposed antenna had been designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulation software.

A novel compact UWB monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth using triangular defected microstrip structure and stepped cut technique

In this paper, a compact monopole wideband antenna is designed and manufactured for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications. In order to extend the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna, rectangular and triangular slots are etched from the partial ground and from the center of the rectangular patch respectively. Also, by cutting the lower corners of the radiating patch using stepped technique, additional resonances are regenerated and lead to further improvement in the covered bandwidth. The proposed patch antenna has advantageous of compactness its overall size equals 40 × 40 mm2.Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna design exhibits a bandwidth from 2.9 – 19.2 GHz for VSWR< 2. The antenna structure provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of 148%. These inherent characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for efficient transmission and reception in UWB systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1514–1519, 2016

Ultra-Wideband Antenna’s Design Techniques

The main objective of this paper is to understand the different methodologies which have been adopted in the recent years in design of Ultra-Wideband Antenna. Methods/Statistical analysis: The patch of the UWB antenna is etched with circular rings to obtain wider bandwidth. Rabbet structured patch can also be utilized for enhancing bandwidth. Ground plane of UWB antenna’s in some cases is parabolic and some have T or L-shape slots to enhance antenna characteristics like increasing bandwidth, band notching at certain frequencies etc. dielectric substrate FR4 is preferred in most of the UWB antenna designs due to less return loss and better bandwidth utilization. Findings: With help of circular patch, more than 160% of Bandwidth is attainable. Use of triangular slots in ground plane can help increase the bandwidth by 45%. A further alteration in ground plane such as grooved ground plane can help minimize the surface waves. Application/Improvements: Since T-shaped slots increases directivity so they are preferred in air-bore applications. L-shaped slots in ground plane helps in RADAR applications.

Design of compact dual-band co-axially fed microstrip antenna for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications

This paper presents a single-layer co-axial fed compact rectangular microstrip antenna for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications. The antenna consists of four rectangular and one triangular slot inside the patch and one rectangular open-ended slot inside the ground plane. Measured impedance bandwidths (2.36–2.485 and 5.14–6.43 GHz) show that the antenna is suitable for the applications in WLAN IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.11a bands.

Design of super wideband hexagonal‐shaped fractal antenna with triangular slot

ABSTRACTA hexagonal‐shaped fractal antenna with triangular slot for super wideband (SWB) application is presented. The proposed antenna has total size of 20 × 33.4 × 1.57 mm3.The proposed antenna is designed of iterations of triangular slot on a hexagonal metallic patch with tapered microstrip line feed. A combination of semicircular and rectangular shaped partial ground plane is used to achieve a super wide bandwidth from 3 to 35 GHz with bandwidth ratio of 11.6:1. The antenna design, simulation and optimization are performed using IE3D Full Wave Electromagnetic Simulator. The proposed antenna is compact and has stable radiation pattern. The simulation and measured results are compared to demonstrate the performance of proposed antenna. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1659–1662, 2015

Microstrip‐line FED beak‐shaped monopole‐like slot UWB antenna with enhanced band width

ABSTRACTA novel microstrip‐line fed beak‐shaped monopole‐like slot UWB antenna is proposed for enhanced ultrawideband, bluetooth, GPS, and GSM applications. In which, a beak‐shaped radiating patch is fed by a microstrip‐line and a square ground plane is defected by etching a hexagonal slot. Two triangular slots in the beak‐shaped radiator and hexagonal‐shaped defect in the ground plane are used to obtain GPS (1520–1590 MHz), GSM (1770–1840 MHz), and bluetooth (2385–2490 MHz). Furthermore, the bandwidth of an antenna is increased by etching a triangular slot at the junction of patch and feeding line. The antenna is fabricated on 1.6 mm thick commercial available FR4 material. The antenna offers an enhanced bandwidth of 24.26 GHz from 0.24 to 24.5 GHz with the voltage standing wave ratio &lt;2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2624–2628, 2014

Single-Feed Multi Band Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents a single feed rectangular micro strip patch antenna and a different approach to design dual and triple band antennas using triangular slots on patch. Three triangular slots are there for triple band in this design, two triangular slots are above the feed point one triangular is near the feed point. A triple band antenna for 3.65 GHz, 4.11GHz and 6.48 GHz applications using slot technique is presented. Results of simulation show that at 3.65 GHz, 4.11GHz and 6.48 GHz, the antenna has reflection coefficient (S11) as -16.68dB, 23.42dB, -21.67dB respectively. The simulated results along with the different parameters like radiation pattern, VSWR etc. are presented and discussed in this letter. The design and performance of antennas are carried out using HFSS 14.0 software. Main objective of this paper is to achieve the multiple resonances within the same antenna at desired frequencies so that this could be applicable in Wi-max applications.

Triple Frequency Fractal Patch Structure Antenna for C Band Applications

In this study, a triple frequency fractal triangular shape microstrip patch antenna is presented for C band applications. The proposed antenna comprises of two triangular shape patches with two triangular slots and excited by a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line. The antenna excites three separate resonant modes where lower resonant mode of the antenna has an impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) of 50 MHz (5.64-5.69 GHz), middle resonant modes impedance bandwidth 140 MHz (6.47-6.61 GHz) and the upper resonant mode impedance bandwidth of 140 MHz (7.59-7.73 GHz). It has achieved stable radiation pattern in the operating frequency band. The proposed fractal triangular patch antenna is presented and discussed in details.

Miniaturized dual band multislotted patch antenna on polytetrafluoroethylene glass microfiber reinforced for C/X band applications.

This paper introduces a new configuration of compact, triangular- and diamond-slotted, microstrip-fed, low-profile antenna for C/X band applications on polytetrafluoroethylene glass microfiber reinforced material substrate. The antenna is composed of a rectangular-shaped patch containing eight triangles and two diamond-shaped slots and an elliptical-slotted ground plane. The rectangular-shaped patch is obtained by cutting two diamond slots in the middle of the rectangular patch, six triangular slots on the left and right side of the patch, and two triangular slots on the up and down side of the patch. The slotted radiating patch, the elliptical-slotted ground plane, and the microstrip feed enable the matching bandwidth to be widened. A prototype of the optimized antenna was fabricated on polytetrafluoroethylene glass microfiber reinforced material substrate using LPKF prototyping machine and investigated to validate the proposed design. The simulated results are compared with the measured data, and good agreement is achieved. The proposed antenna offers fractional bandwidths of 13.69% (7.78–8.91 GHz) and 10.35% (9.16–10.19 GHz) where S11 < −10 dB at center frequencies of 8.25 GHz and 9.95 GHz, respectively, and relatively stable gain, good radiation efficiency, and omnidirectional radiation patterns in the matching band.

A DUAL ULTRA WIDE BAND SLOTTED ANTENNA FOR C AND X BANDS APPLICATION

In this paper, a novel compact dual-band microstrip antenna operating at two difierent bands, namely, C-band and X-band is presented and analyzed. The dual ultra wide band is realized by cutting two triangular slots on the right and on the left sides of the patch and a rectangular slot on the top side of the patch. The antenna structure is optimized and simulated using commercial software. The excitation is launched through a 50Ohms microstrip-line. According to simulation and measured results the proposed antenna can provide two separated impedance bandwidths of 500MHz centered at 7GHz and 2GHz centered at 10.7GHz and stable radiation patterns.

FRACTAL-BASED TRIANGULAR SLOT ANTENNAS WITH BROADBAND CIRCULAR POLARIZATION FOR RFID READERS

Equilateral-triangular slot antennas with modifled edges for wideband circular polarization are proposed in this paper. Circular polarization was flrstly obtained by adding two asymmetric perturbations to two edges of triangular slot. Then fractal-like boundaries were adopted in the antenna design for size reduction and broadband operation. Two antenna prototypes for RFID readers were fabricated to cover RFID UHF band and ISM 2.4GHz band, respectively. Measured results show that the presented antennas obtain fairly wide 3-dB axial ratio bandwidths of 15.7% (820{960MHz) and 19.8% (2.18{2.66GHz).

Discharge rates of dry granular material from bins with lateral exit holes

In this work we have analyzed experimentally the mass flow rate, m˙, of the lateral outflow of cohesionless sand beach and granulated sugar through circular orifices of diameter D and rectangular and triangular slots of hydraulic diameter DH made in vertical walls of bins. Such experiments were also performed in order to determine the influence of the wall thickness of the bin, w. Geometrical and physical arguments are given to get a general correlation for m˙, embracing both quantities, D (or DH) and w. The angle of repose is also an important factor characterizing these gravity flows.

Coplanar waveguide-fed ISM band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna for biomedical applications

A novel coplanar waveguide fed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna is proposed for biomedical applications. The antenna operates at the center frequency of 2450 MHz, which is in ISM band, to support GHz wideband communication for high-data rate implantable biomedical application. The size of the antenna is 78 mm3 (10 mm × 12 mm × 0.65 mm). The simulated and measured bandwidths are 7.9 and 8.2% at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. The specific absorption rate distribution induced by the implantable antenna inside a human body tissue model is evaluated. The communication between the implanted antenna and external device is also examined. The proposed antenna has substantial merits such as miniaturization, lower return loss, better impedance matching, and high gain over other implanted antennas.

Triple Band X Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Ku/K Band Applications

In this article, electrically small, triple band, triple frequency X shaped patch antenna is presented. The proposed X shape patch antenna consists of five rectangular slots which produces dual band operation for Ku band applications and another one for K band applications. In order to achieve multiband operation from conventional rectangular slot, it is introduced three equilateral triangle slots in left, right and upper edge respectively, and two small triangular slots are protruding both sides of the feed line. By increasing the number of steps, the antenna’s operating bandwidth, with return loss less than -10 dB, covers the frequency ranges from 15.104 GHz to 15.632 GHz, 17.336 to 17.912 GHz which is suitable for Ku band applications and 18.476 to 19.28 GHz which is suitable for K band applications. The proposed antenna has also achieved symmetric and almost steady radiation patterns and peak gains of 4.80 dBi, 6.42 dBi and 3.91dBi at these operating bands.

Dual-band Multi Slot Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

In this paper a novel configuration of broadband multi slot antenna for C/X bands is presented and analyzed. By cutting two diamond slots in the middle of the rectangular patch and three triangular slots in the right side of the patch, resonances can be created. Microstrip feed line is used in the down side region of the patch. Antenna characteristics were simulated using a finite element method (HFSS). According to simulations, the proposed multiple slot antennas can provide two separated impedance bandwidths of 970 MHz (about 11.96% centred at 8.11 GHz band) and 890 MHz (about 9.76% centred at 9.42 GHz band) and stable radiation patterns, promising for satellite systems.

A compact high gain microstrip antenna for wireless applications

In this article, we describe a novel type of defective ground surface (DGS) microstrip antenna that achieves higher gain, multi resonant frequency with compact size. The proposed antenna consists of a hexagonal shaped patch with small volume. Six triangular slots have been cut on the ground plane, just below the six corners of the hexagonal radiating patch. Antenna is circularly polarized one and it has the measured peak gain of 7.2dBi. The antenna shows multi frequency behavior and more than 57% compactness compare to the conventional hexagonal patch antenna. The simulated results are confirmed experimentally. The proposed antenna is simple in structure compared with the regular stacked or coplanar parasitic patch antennas. It is highly suitable for wireless communications.

Dual band triangular slotted stacked microstrip antenna for wireless applications

Abstract In this paper stacked configuration of microstrip antenna is used to produce dual wide band which is suitable for various wireless applications. Using triangular slot and stacking of foam substrate of dielectric constant 1, two bands of bandwidth 18.70% and 12.10% is obtained. The antenna is fed by coaxial probe feeding technique. The proposed patch antenna is designed on the foam substrate and simulated on the Zeland IE3D software.

Planar ultrawideband fractal antenna with 3.4/5.5 GHz dual band-notched characteristics

A simple and compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)–fed ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a circular patch with triangular slot, which is etched onto FR4 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with overall size of 39.2 × 43.5 × 1.6 mm³. The simulated and measurement results shown that the antenna achieves good impedance matching, consistent gain and stable radiation patterns. Extended UWB antenna with notch band (3.3–3.6 GHz & 5–6 GHz) design are also presented as a desirable feature for UWB application.