Triangular Prism Research Articles

Synthesis and Networking of Spaceborne Deployable Prismatic Antenna Mechanisms Based on Graph Theory

Spaceborne deployable cylindrical antennas have broad application prospects in the fields of space earth observation and remote-sensing detection because of their significant advantages of ultralong aperture, high gain, and flexible beam scanning. As application requirements rapidly develop, a new type of spaceborne deployable cylindrical antenna mechanism with a large diameter and deployability is urgently needed. This paper presents an innovative design for a cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism based on 18R triangular prism elements based on graph theory. The correctness of the configuration is verified by developing a prototype. First, four kinds of nonoverconstrained 12-bar triangular prism-stabilized truss structure configurations and their corresponding topological diagrams are constructed. Second, based on graph theory, three types of 102 triangular prism-stabilized truss mechanism configurations that can be folded into linear mechanisms are derived. Third, the kinematic pair configuration is established to achieve a single-degree-of-freedom 7R2U9S triangular prism deployable unit. Fourth, combined with the geometric topology characteristics of the unit network, a triangular prism unit networking method is proposed, and a cylindrical network mechanism configuration based on 18R triangular prism units is obtained. A prototype was fabricated by 3D printing, and an expansion and retraction function test was conducted, which verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis in this paper. Finally, a new concept configuration for a parabolic cylindrical antenna is proposed. This paper provides a reference for the configuration of large-scale folding truss structures with unit expansion.

Influence of Right Triangular Prism Rough Beds on Hydraulic Jumps

A hydraulic jump phenomenon is exciting in turbulent flow as it causes large-scale turbulence and high-energy loss. This paper investigates the hydraulic jump characteristics of right triangular prism rough beds. The renormalization group RNG k-ε turbulent model and the volume of fluid (VOF) method in a CFD model are utilized to simulate hydraulic jumps. A total of 210 numerical simulations of four new types of rough beds were performed with an initial Froude number (Fr1) ranging from 4.8 to 9.4, the non-dimensionless wave steepness values of 0.67 ≤ t/s ≤ 1.33, and the distances between roughness elements of 0 ≤ Ls/y1 ≤ 2.67. This study found that arranging the right triangular prism rough elements in a stilling basin increased bed shear stress and energy loss. At the same time, they reduced sequent depth and jump length by about 22% and 50% compared to a smooth bed, respectively. In addition, the entropy production rates are also used to analyze energy dissipation, which clearly shows that the characteristic shape of a rough bed significantly influences the hydraulic jump length. Equations and plots that specify the relationships between the hydraulic jumps and study parameters are helpful guidelines for defining the rough bed dimension when designing or repairing a stilling basin for low-head irrigation works and highway sewers.

Fractal acoustic metamaterials with near-zero index and negative properties

A subwavelength two-dimensional fractal acoustic metamaterial was designed based on the Hilbert fractal curve and spatial curl concept. The equivalent acoustic parameters of the fractal acoustic metamaterial were extracted by the equivalent parameter method, and the acoustic metamaterial exhibited near-zero density and negative density properties at specific frequency points. The analysis based on the finite element method shows that the acoustic prism constructed by using the near-zero density property of this acoustic metamaterial can realize the single-channel acoustic unidirectional transmission and multichannel acoustic unidirectional transmission effect, the bidirectional acoustic conduction and multidirectional acoustic conduction effect, and the bidirectional sound insulation effect. We also investigated the effect of embedding rigid scatterers inside the prism on the acoustic one-way transmission performance. Based on the acoustic direction selection mechanism of the near-zero refractive index acoustic metamaterial, arbitrary modulation of the plane acoustic wave emission direction can be achieved by changing the angle of the acoustic prism emission interface. In addition, the negative density property of the acoustic metamaterial is used to design an acoustic triangular prism to realize the acoustic negative refraction phenomenon. next, we discuss the trend of the influence of the geometrical parameters of the metamaterial on its effective properties, where the modulating wave frequency gradually moves to lower frequencies as the geometrical parameters of the metamaterial structural units increase. Finally, we fabricated the corresponding experimental samples of acoustic prisms using 3d printing technology and conducted experimental tests. The results show that the measured acoustic pressure field distribution matches well with the analytical results of the finite element method, which proves the accuracy of the results and the reasonableness of the structure, indicating that acoustic prisms composed of this acoustic super-material are expected to be used in ultrasonic imaging, acoustic energy rectification and other fields.

Wide band gap selenide infrared nonlinear optical materials AIIMg6Ga6Se16 with strong SHG responses and high laser-induced damage thresholds.

Infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with strong NLO response, wide band gap and high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) are highly expected in current laser technologies. Herein, by introducing double alkaline-earth metal (AEM) atoms, three wide band gap selenide IR NLO materials AIIMg6Ga6Se16 (AII = Ca, Sr, Ba) with excellent linear and NLO optical properties have been rationally designed and fabricated. AIIMg6Ga6Se16 (AII = Ca, Sr, Ba) are composed of unique [AIISe6] triangular prisms, [MgSe6] octahedra and [GaSe4] tetrahedra. The introduction of double AEMs effectively broadens the band gaps of selenide-based IR NLO materials. Among them, CaMg6Ga6Se16, achieving the best balance between the second-harmonic generation response (∼1.5 × AgGaS2), wide band gap (2.71 eV), high LIDT (∼9 × AgGaS2), and moderate birefringence of 0.052 @ 1064 nm, is a promising NLO candidate for high power IR laser. Theoretical calculations indicate that the NLO responses and band gaps among the three compounds are mainly determined by the NLO-active [GaSe4] units. The results enrich the chemical diversity of chalcogenides, and give some insight into the design of new functional materials based on the rare [AIISe6] prismatic units.

Pore-scale numerical investigation on comprehensive heat transfer performance of homogeneous and graded metal foam heat sinks

In order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of heat sinks, heat sinks filled with metal foam were proposed and numerically studied in this work. Different shapes, including the tetrakaidecahedron, triangular prism, and equivalent tetrahedron, were employed to develop geometries for the cells, ligaments, and nodes of the metal foam. Computational simulation was carried out to analyze the hydraulic and thermal performance of the homogeneous metal foam(HMF)-filled heat sinks and graded metal foam (GMF)-filled heat sinks. The study found that well-designed GMF-filled heat sinks can improve both hydraulic and thermal performance. A graded pores per inch (PPI) negative change along the X-axis direction can improve the comprehensive heat transfer performance (CHTP), and the positive change has a similar effect. Graded PPI negative change along the Y-axis direction can effectively improve the CHTP, while the positive change has no effect. Moreover, a greater thickness of the metal foam with a larger PPI leads to better performance. GMF-filled heat sinks can also effectively reduce the surface temperature of the bottom plane and enhance the convection performance.

ЧИСЛОВЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ ПРИ АДИТИВНОМУ MIG НАПЛАВЛЕННІ КРЕМНІЄВОЮ БРОНЗОЮ CuSi3Mn1

The article analyzes in detail the stress-strain state during additive manufacturing using silicon bronze CuSi3Mn1 (БрКМц3-1), which is widely used in the machine-building industry for the manufacture of bushings, spring parts, and parts of chemical apparatus. The high cost of non-ferrous copper-based alloys makes it important to use Welding Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technologies. The processes of layer-by-layer surfacing of silicon bronzes lead to residual stresses at the tensile strength of the material, which can eventually provoke the development of critical defects in the form of cracks. Based on the simultaneous solution of the finite element method for the equations of heat balance and mechanics of a solid deformed body, the peculiarities of temperature distribution and parameters of the stress-strain state for the developed model of a triangular equilateral prism, which is additively generated from CuSi3Mn1 bronze, are determined. Verification of the experimental model with the calculated one was carried out by comparing the thermal cycles of surfacing. Based on the anal-ysis of the results of numerical modeling, it was found that the nature of the temperature change and the magnitude of its decrease in the corresponding layer after the deposition of subsequent layers are the same and do not depend on the deposition trajectory, and the largest residual equivalent plastic deformations are formed in the first layer with a gradual decrease inthe value in each subsequent deposited layer, which is associated with a decrease in the degree of volume of the VAT prism from the 1st to the 10th layer. The lower layers are characterized by a volumetric stress state due to the presence of rigid binders in the form of the substrate and the upper welded layers, which increases the probability of cracking in these layers during the cooling stage due to a decrease in the material's strength below σB< 170 MPa in the temperature range of 475-550 °C

Tuning d-orbitals to control spin-orbit coupling in terminated MXenes.

Theory and experiment have revealed that spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strongly depends on the relativistic effect in topological insulators (TIs), while the influence of orbitals is always ignored. Herein, we provide a direct way of controlling effective SOC with the help of orbital effects, reducing the dependence on elements. Taking 5d W2CO2 and 4d Mo2CO2 MXenes as a specific example, we predict that by decreasing the hybridization strength of W atoms with C or O atoms in 2D W2CO2, the nontrivial bandgaps at the Γ-point are directly enhanced. The weak hybridization of W atoms with ligand elements enhances the electron localization of degenerate d-orbitals of three groups under the triangular prism crystal field, inducing stronger on-site Coulomb repulsion that enhances orbital polarization as well as boosts the SOC effect. Meanwhile, similar results have also been observed in 4d Mo2CO2. This implies that the orbital effects are an efficient and straightforward way to control the nontrivial bandgap in 2D MXene TIs. Our work not only provides an alternative perspective on designing large nontrivial bandgaps but also brings a possibility to control the SOC effect for TI devices.

Distribution Characteristics and Correlation of Edge Sharpness Threshold and Contact Area.

It is currently unclear how sharpness discrimination ability is distributed across a wide range of edge sharpness and the effect of contact area on haptic perception. We 3D printed triangular prisms with various edge sharpness and half-edge widths in the full-scale range and conducted 2AFC tasks to gain the haptic threshold distribution. Results show that the distribution curves of the sharpness threshold and its contact area have a similar inflection point at 115 °, implying a boundary between medium-low and high stimuli. It is also found that Weber fractions in the medium stimulus range follow Weber's Law and are consistent with previous studies but lower than the mean of Weber fractions in the high stimulus range. Besides, there is no significant difference in upper and lower thresholds in the medium-low stimulus range but a significant difference in the high stimulus range with the higher upper threshold. Variations in contact area do not affect sharpness discrimination ability when the half-edge width exceeds 2 mm. However, decreasing the half-edge width from 2 mm to 1 mm significantly reduces haptic sensitivity. Our findings offer preliminary evidence contributing to understanding haptic perception in edge sharpness discrimination, encompassing the properties of objects and object-individual interfaces.

Solvents regulate the packing porosity of a bilayer metal-organic cage.

Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are an emerging class of porous materials with promising applications. However, controlling the configuration of the cage packing, which can influence the overall porosity of the materials, remains a difficulty, as many factors can influence the cage assembly and stacking. Herein, we report a solvent strategy to fine-tune the packing configuration of a bilayer MOC, a small triangular prism cage (six Cu ions act as vertices, three nitrate ions act as pillars, and six nitrate ions act as caps) incorporated into a large triangular prism cage (another six Cu ions act as vertices, a couple of oxygen atoms act as pillars and six ligands (L1: 3,5-bis(pyridine-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole) act as a jointed cap) by the coordination between the triazole nitrogen from L1 and the inner vertex Cu ions. The involved solvents water, acetonitrile (MeCN) and N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) form hydrogen bonds with this bilayer MOC, resulting in three different types of packing associated with systemically tuned porosity (NTU-93: 12.2%, NTU-94: 19.3%, and NTU-95: 42.1%). Gas adsorption and breakthrough tests demonstrate that NTU-95 has potential ability for C2H2/C2H4 separation. This work not only shows a case of finely tuned packing of coordination cages, but also provides a powerful tool that may be extended to other cage families.

A truncated triangular prism constructed by using imidazole-terpyridine building blocks.

The construction of low-symmetry topological supramolecular structures using bistable building blocks remains challenging. We report an unusual truncated triangular prismatic cage with D3h symmetry using a ligand with both cis- and trans-configurations upon coordination with metal. This work provides new ideas and methods for the future synthesis of low-symmetry topological supramolecules.

Nanoprisms in plasmonic sensing: A comprehensive analysis of geometric effects

The highly sensitive and versatile technique of plasmonic sensing has been widely employed in detecting and analyzing chemical or biological substances. This work employs classical electrodynamics methods to investigate the sensing performance of nanoprisms systematically. By varying heights, base edge lengths, and rounding radii of base corners of triangular nanoprism, we explore their influence on sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) in both transverse and longitudinal polarization cases. Our findings indicate that enlarged triangular prisms exhibit enhanced sensitivity, but a decrease in FOM counterbalances this improvement. Conversely, reducing the rounding radius of the base corners of the triangular prism leads to simultaneous improvements in sensitivity and FOM. We suggest prioritizing triangular or tetrahedral prisms in fabricating nanosensors for higher FOM or sensitivity, respectively. These insights provide valuable directions for designing and optimizing plasmonic sensors in practical usage.

Structure Design of Bionic PDC Cutter and the Characteristics of Rock Breaking Processes

The rational structural design of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters effectively enhances the performance of drill bits in rock fragmentation and extends their service life. Inspired by bionics, a bionic PDC cutter was designed, taking the mole claw toe, shark tooth, and microscopic biomaterial structures as the bionic prototypes. To verify its rock-breaking effectiveness, the finite element method was employed to compare the rock-breaking processes of the bionic cutter, triangular prism cutter, and axe cutter. The study also investigated the influence of different back rake angles, cutting depths, arc radii, and hydrostatic pressures on rock breaking using the bionic cutter. Prior to this, the accuracy of the finite element model was validated through laboratory tests. Subsequently, a drill bit incorporating all three types of cutters was constructed, and simulations of rock breaking were conducted on a full-sized drill bit. The results demonstrate that the bionic cutter exhibits superior load concentration on the rock compared to the triangular prism cutter and the axe cutter. Additionally, its arc structure facilitates the “shoveling” of the rock, making it more susceptible to breakage under tensile stress. As a result, the efficiency of the bionic cutter surpasses that of the triangular prism and axe cutters. Similarly, it exhibits minimal fluctuations and values in cutting force. As the back rake angle and cutting depth increase, the MSE and cutting force of all three cutters also increase. However, the bionic cutter consistently maintains the lowest MSE and cutting force, confirming the superiority of its bionic structural design. The MSE and cutting force of the bionic cutter fluctuate with the increase of the arc radius, and the optimal arc radius falls within the simulation range, between 21 mm and 23 mm. Compared to the other two types of cutters, bionic cutters possess a unique structure that allows for better release of internal stress within the rock, thereby ensuring higher efficiency in rock-breaking, particularly in deep geological formations. The rock breaking simulation results of full-sized drill bits show that the use of a bionic cutter can improve the drill bit’s ability to penetrate the formation, reduce the possibility of drill bit bounce during the rock breaking process, prevent the occurrence of stick-slip, improve the drilling stability, effectively improve the efficiency and service life of the drill bit during the rock breaking process, and reduce the drilling cost. It is concluded that the research results of bionic PDC cutters are helpful to the development of high-performance drill bits and the reduction of drilling costs.

A highly sensitive torsion sensor based on upright-inverted alternating triangular prism structure on the single-multi-single mode fiber

In this paper, a novel torsion sensor based on Mach-zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed sensor is fabricated by the single-mode fiber (SMF) and multi-mode fiber (MMF) shear splicing, further employing CO2 laser to modulate the MMF surface into triangular prism form. And compare the number of different triangular prism pairs structure on torsion sensitivity. By increasing the number of triangular prism pairs effectively improve the torsion sensitivity. The experimental results show that in the range of 0–9.617 rad/m, the highest sensitivity fiber sensor can be obtained with a sensitivity of 3.3133 nm/(rad/m). Meanwhile, the temperature characteristic of the sensor is investigated, which presents a sensitivity of 21.67 pm/℃ in the range from 30 ℃ to 100 ℃. Therefore, the temperature crosstalk is 0.0065 (rad/m)/℃, which results in a low temperature crosstalk. In addition, the structure also has the advantages of low cost and simple manufacturing process.

A dynamic goniometer-spectrometer with angle-to-time conversion

We present a dynamic goniometer–spectrometer for measuring the refractive index (RI) of transparent triangular prisms by converting the beam deviation angles into time intervals. The proposed measuring scheme allows the automatic determination of the RI simultaneously for several different wavelengths by measuring the time intervals between the moments of autocollimation of the reference and refracted rays reflected from a mirror continuously rotating around the object with constant angular speed. This makes it possible to avoid the use of an expensive ring laser or encoder for angle measurements and to use relatively inexpensive instruments for time measurements, which reduces the cost of measuring equipment. To calculate the RI value, we used the minimum deviation technique. A functional diagram of the measuring equipment is given. A reference prism made of NBK-7 Schott optical glass was experimentally studied and the measurement errors were estimated. The proposed measuring scheme can be used for automated RI measurement and to study the dispersion characteristics of triangular prisms made of optically transparent materials and liquid optically transparent substances filling a hollow triangular prism.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering Tenaga Surya (Solar Dryer) Portabel Berbentuk Prisma Segitiga

This research aims to design a solar dryer to increase drying room temperature. The drying room is designed in the shape of a triangular prism. The dried test material is Arabica coffee. The method used in this research is experimental by comparing the drying results in a solar dryer (inside) and traditional method (outside). Data collection was carried out for 3 days, starting at 09.00 WIB to 15.00 WIB with intervals every 1 hour. The data measured are the temperature inside and outside the solar dryer and the mass of the test material before and after drying. The results showed that the difference in the average temperature measured inside and outside the solar dryer on day 1 was 11.1 oC, on day 2 it was 11.6 oC and on day 3 it was 8.3 oC. The total mass reduction of the test material during 3 days of drying inside the solar dryer was 180.91 gram and outside the solar dryer was 164.03 gram. The average drying rate inside the solar dryer was 10 gram/hour while outside the solar dryer was 9.1 gram/hour. Based on these result, solar dryer can produce higher temperatures, greater mass reduction and higher drying rates than traditional methods

Children Perception of 3D Usual Shapes in Virtual Environments

Improving the understanding of the 3D perception spatial ability for children is an important issue for research in the areas of cognitive and developmental psychology, particularly in virtual environments where perceptive behaviors could differ from real environment. The aim of this research is to evaluate if children from 6 to 10 years old are able to perceive usual 3D shapes displayed in virtual environment like in 3D world.In an experimentation, children (N =218) are split in groups faced with different modalities of representation of 3D shapes they are allowed to manipulate or only observe: virtual representations on touchpad or real representation with 3D models. They have to solve recognition task of usual 3D shapes (cube, cylinder, triangular prism, etc.). If results indicate that majority of children adequately perceived virtual usual 3D shapes, this ability is not acquired for everyone and is more problematic than perception of 3D models. Some shapes, like the triangular prism, were less adequately perceived. Results call for prudence regarding the use of virtual 3D shapes with children for example during 3D geometry learning.

Research on Transformer Omnidirectional Partial Discharge Ultrasound Sensing Method Combining F-P Cavity and FBG.

To achieve omnidirectional sensitive detection of partial discharge (PD) in transformers and to avoid missing PD signals, a fiber optic omnidirectional sensing method for PD in transformers combined with the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity is proposed. The fiber optic omnidirectional sensor for PD as a triangular prism was developed. The hollow structure of the probe was used to insert a single-mode fiber to form an F-P cavity. In addition, the three sides of the probe were used to form a diaphragm-type FBG sensing structure. The ultrasound sensitization diaphragm was designed based on the frequency characteristics of PD in the transformer and the vibration model of the diaphragm in the liquid environment. The fiber optic sensing system for PD was built and the performance test was conducted. The results show that the resonant frequency of the FBG acoustic diaphragm is around 20 kHz and that of the F-P cavity acoustic diaphragm is 94 kHz. The sensitivity of the developed fiber optic sensor is higher than that of the piezoelectric transducer (PZT). The lower limit of PD detection is 68.72 pC for the FBG sensing part and 47.97 pC for the F-P cavity sensing part. The directional testing of the sensor and its testing within a transformer simulation model indicate that the proposed sensor achieves higher detection sensitivity of PD in all directions. The omnidirectional partial discharge ultrasound sensing method proposed in this paper is expected to reduce the missed detection rate of PD.

Design, Fabrication, and Application of Micro-Structured Surfaces for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopic Analysis of Liquids: A Sample-Loading Target Development Studies

In this paper, design, fabrication, and application studies of a sample loading target patterned with periodical micro-structures were presented. Two different geometrical shapes; triangular prisms and cylinders of two different feature sizes; 5-µm, and 20-µm, were photo-lithographically patterned on Si-wafer substrates, and dry etched to 10 µm height. Followed by a 1-µm thick silicon nitride film coating over micro-patterned substrates, final products were obtained after dicing into one-inch size squares, each containing 36 patterned sample loading areas. Among the three different patterns studied; a geometric design with 20-µm diameter cylinders exhibited a more effective task in increasing the LIBS signal strength, compared to the other two patterns. The characterization of the surface morphology and the size-shape distribution of the micro-patterns were carried out through optical and scanning electron microscopic measurements. SEM images proved a more effective ablation occurring on triangular prism micro-structured surfaces that can be associated with an increased path length and enhanced absorption of the laser beam on the flat surfaces of triangular prism via multiple reflections. The results of structured surfaces were also compared with the ones from non-structured surfaces of 300 nm and 1000 nm thicknesses of silicon nitride-coating. The applications of micro-structured surfaces for heavy metals analysis were performed with Cr and Pb solutions via dried-droplet LIBS methodology. The enhancement factor of 4 for Pb(I) 405.8 nm, and 8 for Cr(I) 428.9 nm were observed from the 20-µm diameter cylinder, CYL-20, surfaces compared to 300 nm thick Si3N4 surfaces, respectively. This study of micro-structuring substrate surfaces with an emphasis on the signal enhancement effect is promising in terms of improving the capacity and limitations of the dried-droplet methodology by LIBS.

A New Interpretation of the Physical Color Theory Based on the Descartes´ Rotation Energy of Visible, Ultraviolet and Infrared Photons

During the past four hundred years the Newtonian and Goethean schools collected many experimental observations on the formation of colors. The situation became more complicated after the experiments of Land who documented that the classical color theory (= colors correspond to exact wavelength of light) is valid completely in the dark surroundings only. We are at the crossroads to find the boundary between the physical properties of colors and the perception of those photons in the retina and the brain. Therefore, the more general physical color theory should interpret those color effects where the classical physical color theory fails. As a potential candidate we present the overlooked Descartes´ color theory based on the rotation energy of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared photons. The rotation energy of colors was defined as E = hν570*(λx/λ570) where index describes the wavelength of photons in nanometers. This new mathematical description of colors enables to newly interpret situations where the average rotation energy of all reflected photons determines the color impression. The colors formed behind the triangular prism could be interpreted as the lateral diffusion of the rotation energy of ultraviolet and infrared photons (= called by Old Masters as the interplay of darkness with the light) through the field of refracted visible photons and with the modification of their rotation energy. The white color can be interpreted as the constructive interference of red, green, and blue colors with the constructive angle cos (120°) = -0,5. The black color can be interpreted as the destructive interference of cyan, magenta, and yellow colors with the destructive angle cos (180°) = -1. For the case of illumination with a range of wavelengths the resulting color is determined from the average rotation energy of all reflected photons – a model for the interpretation of the color constancy.

Protein Labeling Facilitates the Understanding of Protein Corona Formation via Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy.

Once nanoparticles enter into the biological milieu, nanoparticle-biomacromolecule complexes, especially the protein corona, swiftly form, which cause obvious effects on the physicochemical properties of both nanoparticles and proteins. Here, the thermodynamic parameters of the interactions between water-soluble GSH-CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (GSH-QDs) and human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated with the aid of labeling fluorescence of HSA. It was proved that the labeling fluorescence originating from a fluorophore (BDP-CN for instance) could be used to investigate the interactions between QDs and HSA. Gel electrophoresis displayed that the binding ratio between HSA and QDs was ∼2:1 by direct visualization. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results indicated that the distance between the QDs and the fluorophore BDP-CN in HSA was 7.2 nm, which indicated that the distance from the fluorophore to the surface of the QDs was ∼4.8 nm. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) results showed that HSA formed a monolayer of a protein corona with a thickness of 5.5 nm. According to the spatial structure of HSA, we could speculate that the binding site of QDs was located at the side edge (not the triangular plane) of HSA with an equilateral triangular prism. The elaboration of the thermodynamic parameters, binding ratio, and interaction orientation will highly improve the fundamental understanding of the formation of protein corona. This work has guiding significance for the exploration of the interactions between proteins and nanomaterials.