Triangular Patch Resonator Research Articles

Development of a Balanced-to-Balanced Filtering Power Divider Based on Right-Angled Isosceles Triangular Patch Resonator

Development of a Balanced-to-Balanced Filtering Power Divider Based on Right-Angled Isosceles Triangular Patch Resonator

Graphene based filter design using triangular patch resonator for THz applications

In this paper, graphene based tunable bandpass and bandstop filters are designed in terahertz frequency regime using a triangular microstrip patch resonator. Initially, a bandpass filter is designed at an operating frequency of 1.65 THz with a bandwidth of 65 GHz. Further a dual-band bandstop filter is designed with resonance frequencies of 1.25 THz and 2.14 THz. In both designs, the triangular patch is coupled to the transmission line to achieve bandpass and bandstop characteristics. A graphene layer is deposited between the dielectric and the conductor layer to enhance the propagation of plasmonic waves. The simulation results reveal that the designed filters are capable of achieving the desired frequency response. By varying the graphene’s chemical potential, a shift in the transmission response’s resonance frequency is observed. The proposed filters have the potential to be used as key components for future terahertz band communications systems.

Hexagonal-Triangular Combinatorial Structure Based Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for GAGAN Receivers

A multilayer gap-coupled dual band hexagonal microstrip patch antenna is presented for GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) receivers. GAGAN is developed by AAI (Airport Authority of India) and ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) exclusively for aviation purposes with the GPS frequencies L5 (1176.45 MHz) and L1 (1575.42 MHz). The proposed GAGAN antenna has three trapezoidal and four equilateral triangular patch resonators configured to form a gap-coupled hexagonal patch on the top layer and seven equilateral triangular patches with slots in between to form the middle layer. Both the layers are fed by a single coax feed to achieve a dual band compact microstrip antenna of size 55 mm x 55 mm x 3.2 mm. Instead of designing the hexagonal antenna conventionally from a circular patch antenna, the sides of the equilateral triangular patch are truncated to obtain the proposed compact hexagonal antenna as the triangular antenna occupies less area when compared to circular or square patches for a fixed frequency. To bring in novelty with improved performance, the combinatorial structured configuration has been explored through step-by-step optimization. The aspects of GAGAN requirements like circular polarization with a single input, dual band operation and high gain with gain flatness are achieved with this compact structured antenna when compared to square and circular patch antennas. The combinatorial structures such as perturbation and truncation introduced in the patches are responsible for exciting two near-degenerate orthogonal modes producing circular polarization (CP). A cross slot etched in the center patch results in gain enhancement with a gain above 3.2 dBi over a bandwidth of 20 MHz in both the bands. Five shorting pins are added to achieve high impedance matching and good CP with an axial ratio (AR) below 2 dB. The simulated and measured results are found to be in good agreement with greater than 20 MHz operational bandwidth exhibiting CP with an omni-directional radiation pattern having high cross polar levels of -22 dB. The size reduction achieved in the proposed design is 56.79% when compared to the conventional hexagonal patch antenna. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 2.7% and 2.1% for L5 and L1 bands respectively with a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 2.3% for L5 and 2.0% for L1, satisfying GAGAN requirements.

Compact Balanced Bandpass Filter Based on Equilateral Triangular Patch Resonator

In this brief, a new balanced bandpass filter based on equilateral triangular patch resonator (ETPR) is presented. By introducing rectangular slot in the middle of the ETPR, TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> mode can be controlled for miniaturization of design and separated away from disturbed mode near the passband for decent performance. Furtherly, based on the developed coupling topology, six adjacent slotted ETPRs are elaborately arranged to construct a fourth-order balanced BPF with a good differential-mode (DM) passband, sharp frequency selectivity, as well as high common-mode suppression (CM). To validate the design concept and method, a balanced BPF operating at 5.7 GHz with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 12% is designed and fabricated. Good agreement between simulated and measured results validates the proposed design concept.

New approach design of compact tri‐band microstrip bandpass filter based on combined stepped‐impedance resonator and triangular patches

AbstractIn this article, a compact microstrip tri‐band bandpass filter based on a rectangular ring resonator (RRR) and two triangular patch resonators is presented. This filter is designed to operate at 3.5, 5.2, and 8 GHz for WiMAX, wireless local area network (WLAN), and satellite applications respectively. Also, the center frequencies of the first and second passband can be flexibly controlled by tuning the dimensions of RRR. The fabricated triband band pass filter has merits of compact size, low insertion loss, and suitable stopband. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.

Novel Dual-Mode Microstrip Triangular Patch Resonator Bandpass Filter

Some new characteristics of microstrip equilateral triangular patch resonator with fractal defection are analyzed, and novel fractal bandpass filters using equilateral triangular resonator are presented to implement high performances of multi-transmission zeros, wide passband and stopband, and low passband insertion loss as well as miniaturization. Due to the space-filling property of fractal geometry, this structure can adjust the location of the transmission zero, it also effectively control the filter’s size. The proposed filters have compact and simple structures, small sizes, high selectivity and so on, and all these features are the requirement of wireless communication circuits. By adjusting filters parameter, we get the optimized S‑parameters. The resonant frequency shifts to lower frequency locations by increasing hemline length c. Measured results of the filter using three fractal-shaped structures are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

A New Design Approach for Balanced Bandpass Filters on Right-Angled Isosceles Triangular Patch Resonator

A new approach to design a balanced bandpass filter (BPF) is presented in this letter. By virtue of resonant properties of a right-angled isosceles triangular patch resonator (RAITPR), a modified RAITPR with one electric wall and two magnetic walls is constructed. This resonator, namely, half-mode RAITPR, can support half-TM10-mode of the RAITPR. By adopting proper coupling topology between three adjacent RAITPRs and two half-mode RAITPRs, a third-order balanced BPF is proposed to achieve good differential-mode filtering selectivity and high common-mode suppression. To verify this design concept, a balanced BPF operating at 2.0 GHz with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 12.9% is in final designed and fabricated. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results over a wide bandwidth from 0 to 4.0 GHz.

A New Balanced Bandpass Filter With Improved Performance on Right-Angled Isosceles Triangular Patch Resonator

A new approach for the design of a balanced bandpass filter (BPF) is presented in this paper. Stemming from the mode degeneration properties of a square patch resonator, a complete set of resonant modes in a right-angled isosceles triangular patch resonator (RAITPR) is thoroughly investigated so as to construct a modified RAITPR with one electric wall and two magnetic walls along its three sides for filter design. This proposed resonator can support the half-TM10-mode of the RAITPR, and thus, it is named as the half-mode RAITPR here. By properly adopting the relationship between one RAITPR and two coupled half-mode RAITPRs, a second-order coupling topology is presented. Its working principle is then explained by using the field distribution of the desired resonant modes involved. A few high-order balanced filters are in final implemented and fabricated to evidently demonstrate their good differential-mode filtering selectivity and high common-mode suppression. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results for all the designed three balanced BPFs. To further improve the concerned out-of-band rejection performance, the feeding scheme of the modified structure has been discussed.

Compact balanced bandpass filter using isosceles right triangular patch resonator

A compact balanced bandpass filter (BPF) by using the isosceles right triangular patch resonator is presented. Stemming from the mode degeneration properties of the square patch resonator with single excitation located at its corner, the specific current distribution on this square patch resonator is investigated. Based on that, a new type of half-mode square patch resonator named as the isosceles right triangular patch resonator is derived and proposed. Afterwards, resonant properties of the new patch resonator under different excitation forms are also investigated. Subsequently, balanced BPF has been implemented by adopting appropriate coupling structure among four isosceles right triangular patch resonators. Finally, to verify the design concept, a second-order Chebyshev balanced BPF centred at 2.44 GHz with 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 6.15% is designed and fabricated. Good agreement can be observed between the simulated and the measured results.

A tunable bandstop filter using triangular patch resonator with defected ground structures

ABSTRACTA tunable dual‐mode bandstop patch filter with two degrees of liberty controlling the filter's central frequency and bandwidth is presented. The bandstop filter uses a single triangular resonator miniaturized by two slots and two defected ground structures (DGSs) slots to improve rejection. Varactor diodes are used across the patch's slots to vary the frequency of each degenerate fundamental mode. The models used in simulations, varactors assembling, DC bias configuration and measured results are presented. The proposed filter presents 17% of center frequency tuning range in the 5.8 GHz WiMAX band and the fractional bandwidth can be varied from 1.8% to 18%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2930–2933, 2016

Compact ultra wide band filter using triangular patch resonators

A compact ultra wide band pass filter has been proposed in this paper. The band pass operation of the filter has been obtained with the combinations of high pass filter and low pass filter. The low pass filter used in the combined structure is designed using the triangular patch resonators and the high pass filter is designed using shorted stubs. The three different topologies to combine the low pass and high pass filter are compared. The final structure gives a very compact configuration of ultra wide band pass filter. The design methodology of the proposed filter is elaborated. The designed structure is simulated and fabricated. The group delay of the filter gives almost flat for the entire operation band. A good agreement has been seen between simulated and measured values of scattering parameters. The fractional band width has been achieved as 130%.

Compact lowpass filter with a sharp roll‐off using patch resonators

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new compact microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll‐off and ultrawide stopband using funnel and triangular patch resonators. The patch resonators are placed symmetrically about a high impedance central microstrip line. The filter has been designed and fabricated using a very low cost material. The experimental results show a good agreement with the simulated results and demonstrate that, the sharp roll‐off and good stopband performance is obtained by the proposed filter. The 3 dB cutoff frequency of the proposed filter is at 5.55 GHz with a roll‐off of 84 dB/GHz and its stopband extends up to 11.8 GHz. The filter has an ultra compact size of 9.4 × 8 mm2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2534–2536, 2014

Design of compact microstrip lowpass filter with ultra-wide stopband

A new microstrip lowpass filter with compact size and an ultra-wide stopband is proposed. To achieve compact size and ultra-wide band rejection, both triangular patch resonators and radial patch resonators are introduced in the filter. To reduce the circuit size of the filter further, meander transmission lines are also adopted in the design. A demonstration filter with 3 dB cutoff frequency at 1 GHz has been designed, fabricated and measured. Results indicate that the proposed filter can suppress the sixteenth harmonic response referred to a suppression degree of 15 dB. Furthermore, the proposed filter exhibits a small size of 0.111 λg×0.091 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at 1 GHz.

Design of microstrip lowpass filter with compact size and ultra-wide stopband

A new microstrip lowpass filter with compact size and ultra-wide stopband is presented. To achieve a compact design and ultra-wide band rejection, both triangular patch resonators and polygonal patch resonators are introduced in the filter. To reduce the circuit size of the filter further, the meander transmission line is also adopted in the design. A demonstration filter with 3 dB cutoff frequency at 0.85 GHz has been designed, fabricated and measured. Results indicate that the proposed filter is able to suppress the 14th-harmonic response referred to a suppression degree of 15 dB, together with a small size of 0.089 λg × 0.081 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at 0.85 GHz.

RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGULAR PATCH RESONATOR AND FILTER WITH FRACTAL HOLE

Fractal-shaped microwave passive circuits ofier a great deal of promise for achieving good performance in small circuits. In this paper, isosceles right-angled triangular patch resonator with fractal hole is analyzed, and new single-band and dual-band RF fllters by using isosceles right-angled triangular patch resonators with fractal pattern are proposed. It is shown that the right-angled triangular resonator can be miniaturized with the assistance of a fractal, and fllter performance is greatly improved. Simultaneously, the resonator's higher order mode resonance is fortifled, easing ofi the di-culty in dual-band fllter design. Two proposed fractal bandpass fllters are fabricated, and their performance is verifled by measurement. The proposed fllters demonstrate the applications of right-angled triangular patch resonator and exhibit advantages of a simple structural topology and compactness, which are essential in RF circuit design.

Multi-Mode Bandstop Filter Using Defected Equilateral Triangular Patch Resonator

Microstrip multi-band bandstop filters using multi-mode equilateral triangular patch resonator are developed, and the rules of resonant frequency and patch defection dimension are obtained by calculation. With fractal patch defection and a higher substrate permittivity, the dominant mode TM1,0,–1, and the higher order modes TM1,1,–2 and TM2,–2,0 are fully applied to the multi-band implementation, and filter performances are greatly improved compared with the case without defection. The designed filters have advantages of simple topology, compact size, good frequency selectivity and multi-band operation, and all these features are very popular for wireless communication systems.

COMPACT WIDEBAND BANDPASS FILTER USING SINGLE CORNERS-CUT ISOSCELES TRIANGULAR PATCH RESONATOR

Compact and simple bandpass fllter (BPF) structure using microstrip isosceles triangular patch resonator (ITPR) is proposed. The new fllter design technique is based on two main ideas: Firstly, cutting the corners of the triangular structure, to make the fllter size more compact. Secondly, etching slit in staircase form near the base of the triangle, in order to improve the fllter performances. The proposed fllter was designed and fabricated on Taconic CER-10 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 10 and a thickness of 0.64mm using standard photolithography process. The flnal dimension of the proposed fllter is measured at 5.7mm £ 7.6mm. Measured S- parameters showed that the fllter achieves a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 55% at center frequency of 10.36GHz, with measured insertion loss of 2.08dB and measured return loss better than 10dB. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.

New microstrip low pass filter with transmission zero and wide stopband

AbstractNew microstrip low pass filters with low insertion loss, ultra‐wide stopband and transmission zero are presented by using triangular patch resonator with fractal defection. With such defection and a certain parallel feed method, undesired responses and harmonics are effectively suppressed and wideband, sharp attenuation obtained. The new filter has simpler and more compact configurations even better filter properties than the traditional line based ones. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 830–831, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24138

A compact triangular patch bandpass filter

AbstractThis article describes an effective mechanism for miniaturizing a microstrip triangular patch resonator. Measurement results show that the technique can yield ∼56% size reduction. The article also provides design equations which can be used to determine the size of discontinuity required in order to achieve a specific resonant frequency. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 566–570, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24099

TRIANGULAR RESONATOR BANDPASS FILTER WITH TUNABLE OPERATION

Triangular patch resonator bandpass filters with tunable operation are developed to perform nicer filter properties of low passband insertion loss, transmission zeros and wide stopband. With tunable fractal-shaped defection acts as perturbation, filter operation frequency and operation band can be controlled, and the responses of undesired resonant modes are greatly weakened even suppressed. The new design can bring filters more operation without changing the dielectric substrate or patch size. The designed filters have outstanding advantages of single patch with compact size and without resonator coupling gaps, simple circuit topology, nicer performances, miniaturization and can be easily tuned for more applications. All these features are well popular for wireless communication systems.