Triangular Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Broadband equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with asymmetric bent slots and integrated reactive loading

A wide operating bandwidth for a single-layer equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna can be obtained by embedding a pair of asymmetric bent slots inside the patch and inserting an inset microstrip-line section at the patch edge as an integrated reactive load. With the proposed design, a group of three closely excited resonant modes of similar broadside radiation characteristics near the fundamental resonant mode of a corresponding simple equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna can be achieved. Results show that an operating bandwidth as large as 4.5 times that of a simple triangular microstrip antenna can be achieved. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 149–151, 1999.

Broadband equilateral‐triangular microstrip antenna with asymmetric bent slots and integrated reactive loading

A wide operating bandwidth for a single-layer equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna can be obtained by embedding a pair of asymmetric bent slots inside the patch and inserting an inset microstrip-line section at the patch edge as an integrated reactive load. With the proposed design, a group of three closely excited resonant modes of similar broadside radiation characteristics near the fundamental resonant mode of a corresponding simple equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna can be achieved. Results show that an operating bandwidth as large as 4.5 times that of a simple triangular microstrip antenna can be achieved. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 149–151, 1999.

A dual-frequency equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with a pair of narrow slots

A new design of a slot-loaded equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna for dual-frequency operation is presented. Results show that, by loading a pair of narrow slots centered in the triangular patch and oriented parallel to the patch's center line, a single-feed dual-frequency operation can be achieved. The two operating frequencies are associated with the perturbed TM10- and TM20-modes of the triangular microstrip antenna, and the two frequencies are of the same polarization planes and similar broadside radiation characteristics. Also, by controlling the length of the slots and the spacing between the two slots, the frequency ratio of the two frequencies is tunable within a range of about 1.35–1.5. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 82–84, 1999.

A broadband active equilateral‐triangular microstrip antenna

An amplifier-type active microstrip antenna, as a transmitting antenna, consisting of a passive broadband slotted triangular microstrip antenna and a coplanar amplifier circuitry for enhanced gain and bandwidth, is demonstrated. The active microstrip antenna studied here is printed on an inexpensive FR4 substrate (relative permittivity 4.4, thickness 1.6 mm), and shows an extra output gain of 6 dB and a 9.3% bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz band, which is about two times that of the passive broadband slotted triagular microstrip antenna or six times that of the passive conventional unslotted triangular microstrip antenna. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 22: 387–389, 1999

Single-feed circularly polarized triangular microstrip antenna with zigzagged edges

Single-feed circularly polarized triangular microstrip antenna with zigzagged edges

Single-feed slotted equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna for circular polarization

Novel designs of single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antennas for circular polarization (CP) are proposed and studied experimentally. It is demonstrated that by embedding a narrow slot or a cross slot of unequal slot lengths in the triangular patch, circularly polarized radiation of microstrip antennas can easily be achieved using a single probe feed. Furthermore, results show that for the design with a cross slot, the proposed antenna can perform CP radiation with a reduced antenna size at a given frequency (denoted as compact CP operation here); that is, the required antenna size is smaller for the proposed antenna for performing CP radiation as compared to a conventional circularly polarized triangular microstrip antenna at a fixed operating frequency. Details of the proposed CP designs are described, and typical experimental results are presented and discussed.

Compact circularly polarized triangular microstrip antenna with y-shaped slot

A novel compact circular polarization (CP) design of a single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with a Y-shaped slot is presented. The Y-shaped slot is cut in the patch with its upper two arms facing either the triangle tip or the bottom side of the triangular patch. Results show that, with a proper size of the Y-shaped slot, the present proposed design can have an antenna size reduction up to about 19% for operating at a given frequency for circular polarization, as compared to the regular-size circularly polarized triangular microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna design is described and studied. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 20: 31–34, 1999.

Single-feed dual-frequency triangular microstrip antenna with a V-shaped slot

Novel design of a dual-frequency triangular microstrip antenna with a V-shaped slot is proposed and experimentally studied. By selecting suitable dimensions of the V-shaped slot, dual-frequency operation with the frequency ratio ranging from 1.488 to 1.834 has been obtained using a single probe feed, and the two operating frequencies are of parallel polarization planes. Typical experimental results of the proposed design are presented and discussed. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 20: 133–134, 1999.

Parametric study and temperature sensitivity of microstrip antennas using an improved linear transmission line model

An improved linear transmission line (LTL) model has been developed after incorporating several modifications in the reported linear transmission line model for analyzing arbitrarily shaped microstrip antennas (MSAs), which should be symmetrical with respect to the feed axis. Simulations have been carried out for rectangular, circular, and equilateral triangular MSAs and the results are in good agreement with reported results. A parametric study for these MSAs has also been performed. A study of the temperature sensitivity for rectangular MSAs for different types of substrates has been carried out. An MSA utilizing a substrate with a lower dielectric constant and thermal coefficient is less sensitive to temperature variations.

Bandwidth enhancement of inset-microstrip-line-fedequilateral-triangular microstrip antenna

By embedding a pair of properly-bent narrow slots in an equilateral-triangular microstrip patch, broadband operation of microstrip antennas with an inset microstrip-line feed can be achieved. With the proposed antenna design, the impedance bandwidth can be as large as ~3.0 times that of a corresponding simple triangular microstrip antenna. Some simple design rules for the proposed antenna have also been determined experimentally. The design rules and experimental results are presented and discussed.

Compact circular polarisation design for equilateral-triangularmicrostrip antenna with spur lines

A novel compact circular polarisation (CP) design for a single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with inserted spur lines at the patch edges is presented. It is found that, with increasing spur-line length, the resonant frequency of the triangular microstrip patch is significantly lowered. Also, by further adjusting the inserted spur lines to have a length ratio of ~0.96, the proposed design can achieve CP radiation at a much lowered operating frequency, resulting in compact triangular microstrip antennas with circular polarisation.

Compact broadband triangular microstrip antenna with an inset microstrip-line feed

A new design of a reduced-size triangular microstrip antenna fed using an inset microstrip line is presented. The antenna size reduction is achieved by loading a chip resistor at the triangle tip of the patch. With an increasing resistance of the loaded chip resistor, the antenna bandwidth is significantly increased, and furthermore, the required inset length of the 50 Ω microstrip line for impedance matching becomes smaller, which makes the present design more easily implemented. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 17: 169–170, 1998.

Compact shorted variations of triangular microstripantennas

Equilateral and triangular 30°–60°–90° microstrip antennas have been modified by shorting along the zero field to yield shorted 60 and 30°–sectoral microstrip antennas, respectively. Experimental results on these antennas are presented. The shorted 60 and 30°–sectoral antennas result in area reduction by factors of 2.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to the equilateral triangular antenna with the same resonant frequency. The frequency is further reduced by partially shorting the curved edges of the sectoral antennas.

Crosspolarisation characteristics of cylindricaltriangular microstrip antennas

Crosspolarisation characteristics of triangular microstrip antennas mounted on a cylindrical body are studied using a full-wave analysis. Numerical results of the far-zone copolarised and crosspolarised radiated fields at the TM10 mode for different cylinder radii and flare angles are calculated and analysed. A significant dependence of the crosspolarisation level on the cylinder radius and flare angle is observed. Details of the results are presented.

A new effective side length expression obtained using a modified tabu search algorithm for the resonant frequency of a triangular microstrip antenna

A new, very simple curve-fitting expression for the effective side length is presented for the resonant frequency of triangular microstrip antennas. It is obtained using a modified tabu search algorithm, and is useful for the computer-aided design (CAD) of microstrip antennas. The theoretical resonant frequency results obtained using this new effective side length expression are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 8: 4–10, 1998.

A new effective side length expression obtained using a modified tabu search algorithm for the resonant frequency of a triangular microstrip antenna

A new effective side length expression obtained using a modified tabu search algorithm for the resonant frequency of a triangular microstrip antenna

Slot-coupled small triangular microstrip antenna

The design of slot-coupled, reduced-size triangular microstrip antennas with a shorting-pin or chip-resistor loading is described. The fundamental mode of TM10 is studied. Impedance matching can be achieved simply by adjusting the coupling-slot size, with the slot center fixed at the null-field point of the TM10 mode, and the required slot size increasing with increasing loading resistance. The case with a chip-resistor loading also shows a lower resonant frequency and a significantly enhanced operating bandwidth, as compared with the shorting-pin loading case. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 16: 371–374, 1997.

Broadband triangular microstrip antenna with U-shapedslot

The broadband design of a triangular microstrip antenna with a U-shaped slot is demonstrated. With a foam substrate of thickness ~0.08λ0, a slotted triangular microstrip antenna with an operating bandwidth of ~18% is obtained, which is ~ 1.8 times that of a corresponding simple triangular patch antenna. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented.

Simple and accurate effective side length expression obtained by using a modified genetic algorithm for the resonant frequency of an equilateral triangular microstrip antenna

A new, very simple expression for the effective side length is presented for the resonant frequency of the equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna. It is obtained by using a modified genetic algorithm, and useful to antenna engineers for accurately predicting the resonant frequencies of the equilateral triangular microstrip antennas. The theoretical resonant frequency results obtained by using this new effective side length expression are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

Characteristics of a cylindrical triangular microstrip antenna

Characteristics of a cylindrical triangular microstrip antenna