Triangle Relationship Research Articles

Taking measurement in every direction: Implicit scene representation for accurately estimating target dimensions under monocular endoscope

Background and objectives:In endoscopy, measurement of target size can assist medical diagnosis. However, limited operating space, low image quality, and irregular target shape pose great challenges to traditional vision-based measurement methods. Methods:In this paper, we propose a novel approach to measure irregular target size under monocular endoscope using image rendering. Firstly synthesize virtual poses on the same main optical axis as known camera poses, and use implicit neural representation module that considers brightness and target boundaries to render images corresponding to virtual poses. Then, Swin-Unet and rotating calipers are utilized to obtain maximum pixel length of the target in image pairs with the same main optical axis. Finally, the similarity triangle relationship of the endoscopic imaging model is used to measure the size of the target. Results:The evaluation is conducted using renal stone fragments of patients which are placed in the kidney model and the isolated porcine kidney. The mean error of measurement is 0.12 mm. Conclusions:The approached method can automatically measure object size within narrow body cavities in any visible direction. It improves the effectiveness and accuracy of measurement in limited endoscopic space.

Selection And CBT Treatment Pilot Program Final Evaluation Using IORNS in Macedonian Male Prison Population

The treatment or the resocialization is the most important part of the prison sentence which methods can be individual and group. Motivated inmates and less resistance for the treatment are the main precondition for effective treatment. Appropriate behavior of personnel is the main factor for that result. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as the most effective evidence based psychotherapy approach for offender population is a type for inmate treatment. CBT is a result of Aaron Beck pioneering work in the 1960s. CBT model is based on the triangle relationships between cognition, emotions and behavior. The cognition is defined as a product of the three levels: cognitive schemas, negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional thinking or thinking errors. The inventory of risk, need and strengths (IORNS), an risk assessment instrument, based on Risk, need and responsivity (RNR) model, was used for selection of (N=27) inmates and CBT treatment pilot program final evaluation, in Macedonian prison Bitola. The evaluation was done by comparing pre and post test measures in (N=12) male inmates, as optimal number for group psychotherapy treatment. According to the RNR model the treatment program needs to be oriented to the inmates needs. Implementing CBT treatment program for group psychotherapy and IORNS as short screening tool in Macedonian prisons was the aim of the project supported by the Council of Europe in this work. The results showed significant lower Procriminal attitudes but higher Aggression because of higher Aggressive behavior in the post measures. Results and instrument can be used in next CBT programs evaluations for better rehabilitation of prison inmates and reducing recidivism.

How perceived crowding changes the interrelationships between perceived value, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: the empirical study at Hoi An

PurposeThis paper seeks to revisit the interrelationship among tourists’ perceived value of the destination, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty in the heritage tourism site of Hoi An. In addition, the moderating role of tourists’ perceived crowding, which has become remarkably common at the site, in such a triangle relationship will also be explored. In other words, this study aims to validate an extended model of perceived value – tourist satisfaction – destination loyalty – perceived crowding.Design/methodology/approachThe study collects data from 403 tourists who visited Hoi An during peak season through an online questionnaire. The data were later analysed using AMOS and Warp partial least squares.FindingsThe results validate the significant and positive correlation among perceived value, customer satisfaction and destination loyalty. Also, perceived crowding was confirmed to affect the relationship among these three variables negatively. In terms of academic contributions, this paper empirically proved that low levels of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty among tourists who highly value their visiting experience at World Heritage Sites (WHS) can be caused by perceived crowding.Originality/valueSo far, current literature has investigated the direct (either positive or negative) relationship between perceived crowding and post-visit behaviours of tourists (Nie et al., 2022; Papadopoulou, Ribeiro, & Prayag, 2023; Stemmer, Gjerald, & Øgaard, 2022). Broadening this area of research, the authors of this paper used the social interference theory and the stimulus-overload theory to explain the low level of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty among tourists who highly value their visiting experience at WHS.

Lane Crack Detection Based on Saliency

Lane cracks are one of the biggest threats to pavement conditions. The automatic detection of lane cracks can not only assist the evaluation of road quality and quantity but can also be used to develop the best crack repair plan, so as to keep the road level and ensure driving safety. Although cracks can be extracted from pavement images because the gray intensity of crack pixels is lower than the background gray intensity, it is still a challenge to extract continuous and complete cracks from the three-lane images with complex texture, high noise, and uneven illumination. Different from threshold segmentation and edge detection, this study designed a crack detection algorithm with dual positioning. An image-enhancement method based on crack saliency is proposed for the first time. Based on Bayesian probability, the saliency of each pixel judged as a crack is calculated. Then, the Fréchet distance improvement triangle relationship is introduced to determine whether the key point extracted is the fracture endpoint and whether the fast-moving method should be terminated. In addition, a complete remote-sensing process was developed to calculate the length and width of cracks by inverting the squint images collected by mobile phones. A large number of images with different types, noise, illumination, and interference conditions were tested. The average crack extraction accuracy of 89.3%, recall rate of 87.1%, and F1 value of 88.2% showed that the method could detect cracks in pavement well.

The triangle relationship between human genome, gut microbiome, and COVID-19: opening of a Pandora's box.

Since the pandemic started, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. In patients with COVID-19, the gut microbiome (GM) has been supposed to be closely related to the progress of the disease. The gut microbiota composition and human genetic variation are also connected in COVID-19 patients, assuming a triangular relationship between the genome, GM, and COVID-19. Here, we reviewed the recent developments in the study of the relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19. The keywords "COVID-19," "microbiome," and "genome" were used to search the literature in the PubMed database. We first found that the composition of the GM in COVID-19 patients varies according to the severity of the illness. Most obviously, Candida albicans abnormally increased while the probiotic Bifidobacterium decreased in severe cases of COVID-19. Interestingly, clinical studies have consistently emphasized that the family Lachnospiraceae plays a critical role in patients with COVID-19. Additionally, we have demonstrated the impact of microbiome-related genes on COVID-19. Specially, we focused on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2's dual functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut microbiota alternation. In summary, these studies showed that the diversity of GMs is closely connected to COVID-19. A triangular relationship exists between COVID-19, the human genome, and the gut flora, suggesting that human genetic variations may offer a chance for a precise diagnosis of COVID-19, and the important relationships between genetic makeup and microbiome regulation may affect the therapy of COVID-19.

Triangle Relationship: A Review of Dynamic Capabilities, Strategic Foresight and Organizational Learning

Triangle Relationship: A Review of Dynamic Capabilities, Strategic Foresight and Organizational Learning

"Iron triangle" of regulating the uterine microecology: Endometrial microbiota, immunity and endometrium.

The uterus is the core place for breeding new life. The balance and imbalance of uterine microecology can directly affect or even dominate the female reproductive health. Emerging data demonstrate that endometrial microbiota, endometrium and immunity play an irreplaceable role in regulating uterine microecology, forming a dynamic iron triangle relationship. Up to nowadays, it remains unclear how the three factors affect and interact with each other, which is also a frontier topic in the emerging field of reproductive tract microecology. From this new perspective, we aim to clarify the relationship and mechanism of the interaction of these three factors, especially their pairwise interactions. Finally, the limitations and future perspectives of the current studies are summarized. In general, these three factors have a dynamic relationship of mutual dependence, promotion and restriction under the physiological or pathological conditions of uterus, among which the regulatory mechanism of microbiota and immunity plays a role of bridge. These findings can provide new insights and measures for the regulation of uterine microecology, the prevention and treatment of endometrial diseases, and the further multi-disciplinary integration between microbiology, immunology and reproductive medicine.

Poverty, ICT and Economic Growth in SADC Region: A Panel Cointegration Evaluation

Although there is a wealth of evidence on the relationship between economic growth and poverty or poverty and information and communication technology (ICT), there are few studies on the interaction between the three factors. The triangle relationship between poverty, information and communication technology, and economic growth in SADC were investigated in this study from 2005 to 2019. The research looked at how ICT and economic growth impact poverty in SADC countries, using the instruments of the Mean-Group FMOLS, Mean-Group DOLS, and Robustness Mean-Group Estimators in achieving its major objective. The principal component analysis was employed in generating a single index value for ICT and the data were subjected to relevant econometric tests to achieve robust results. Findings showed that all the variables exhibited poverty-reducing effects in SADC except inflation. Results confirm the existence of the “leapfrogging” hypothesis for the region. It is necessary to strengthen existing bilateral links among member nations of the area to maintain the benefits of ICT’s poverty-reducing impacts, economic growth, financial development, and trade openness. As applicable in other advanced and some emerging economies, the digital competence of the region needs to be synchronized for effective ICT service delivery.

Microbial and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Diet-Related Alterations of Metabolism in Metabolic Disordered Mice.

Metabolic disorders are the prelude of metabolic diseases, which are mainly due to the high-energy intake and genetic contribution. High-fat diet (HFD) or high-sucrose diet is widely used for inducing metabolic disorders characterized by increased body weight, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and alteration of gut microbiome. However, the triangle relationship among diets, gut microbiome, and host metabolism is poorly understood. In our study, we investigated the dynamic changes in gut microbiota, and host metabolism in mice that were fed with either chow diet, HFD, or chow diet with 30% sucrose in drinking water (HSD) for continued 12 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing on feces. Hepatic gene expression profile was tested with transcriptomics analysis on liver tissue. The host metabolism was evaluated by measuring body weight, insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism of liver. The results showed that HFD feeding affected body weight, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis more significantly than HSD feeding. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HFD rapidly and steadily suppressed species richness, altered microbiota structure and function, and increased the abundance of bacteria responsible for fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory signaling. In contrast, HSD had minor impact on the overall bacteria structure or function but activated microbial bile acid biosynthesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation suggested that some metabolic changes induced by HFD or HSD feeding were transferrable, especially in the weight of white adipose tissue and hepatic triglyceride level that were consistent with the phenotypes in donor mice. Moreover, transcriptomic results showed that HFD feeding significantly inhibited fatty acid degradation and increase inflammation, while HSD increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis and inhibited primary bile acid synthesis alternative pathway. In general, our study revealed the dynamic and diversified impacts of HFD and HSD on gut microbiota and host metabolism.

The relationships between the satisfaction, value for money and repurchase intent constructs in the context of wine tasting room

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the relationships customer centric measures in wine tasting rooms. Furthermore, moderating role of customer satisfaction in value for money and repurchase intent relationship was examined.The data were collected in wineries in British Columbia, Canada. Analysis was conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). In order to test the moderating role of satisfaction, the respondents were divided into two groups of unsatisfied and satisfied customers. The multi-group analysis of PLS-SEM was used to detect possible heterogeneity.The findings show that there is a significant relationship between value for money and repurchase intent. A significant relationship between value for money and repurchase intent was also detected, when satisfaction as a dichotomous variable was present in the model. A moderating role of satisfaction was discovered, where the strength of the relationship between value for money and repurchase intent appeared to decrease with higher levels of satisfaction.This study provides an overview in the triangle relationships between value for money, customer satisfaction and repurchase intent, and how the dichotomous satisfaction construct moderates the value for money and repurchase intent relationship. Surprisingly, the moderating impact was found to be negative and at the same time significant.

Interaction and mediation effects of economic growth and innovation performance on carbon emissions: Insights from 282 Chinese cities

China is under rapid urbanization and consequently facing increasing carbon emissions (CE). Economic growth (EG) and innovation performance (IP), as two critical indicators of urbanization, are considered the driving forces of CE. Although economy and innovation are entangled and can jointly affect CE in reality, the measured effects of economy and innovation on CE are often treated separately in traditional studies. We adopted a three-part research framework including the total, interaction and mediation effect tests to elucidate how EG and IP affected CE in China from 2005 to 2015 based on insights from 282 Chinese cities. The empirical results showed that both economy and innovation contributed to CE, although the contribution has reduced over the 11 years. In particular, the interaction effect between economy and innovation for North China, Northeast China, and Southwest China was −4.201, −8.442, and − 3.897, respectively, in 2015, meaning that these regions adversely affect CE. In addition, we found that the economy helps reduce CE via innovation. When considering the changes of economy and innovation, their mediation effect on CE changes varied in different regions, attributable to the level of economy and innovation as well as the stocks of energy resources. Therefore, future planning for low-carbon transition should regard the economy and innovation together. Based on this principle, we propose five detailed policies. Overall, this study is valuable not only for further understanding the triangle relationship among economy, innovation, and CE, but also for reaching low-carbon goals.

Enhancement of Green Tires Performance through Ultrasound-Assisted Mixing.

Combined with the traditional internal mixing process, a custom-built ultrasonic generator was introduced in this study. The effect of ultrasonic parameters on the comprehensive performance of tread rubber formulations was investigated. Compared to the traditional mixing process without ultrasonic wave loading, the introduction of ultrasonic enhanced the dispersion and distribution of composite particles in the rubber matrix and improved the overall performance of rubber products. The devil’s triangle relationship among the rolling resistance, wet skid resistance, and abrasion resistance of tires was improved. When the wet skid resistance was slightly lost, the rolling resistance and wear rate were effectively reduced. This study provides new insights into a strategy for optimizing the mixing process of the traditional internal mixer, reducing vehicle emissions, extending the service life of tires, and promoting the development of green tires.

The Centrality of Brand Awareness

The brand concept, especially brand loyalty, has evolved significantly; however, this phenomenon is still considered far from complete. This study extends a long line of scholars’ efforts by investigating a moderating effect of brand awareness in triangle relationships between product innovation and brand trust and brand loyalty. The hypotheses were tested based on online questionnaire data collected from 100 Indonesian respondents. The Ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis shows that brand awareness positively and significantly moderates these triangle relationships. Additionally, the direct relationships between product innovation on brand awareness and brand loyalty and brand trust and brand loyalty were found to be significant. This research offers future research direction and implications for business practitioners and academics.

The Triangle Relationship Between Long Noncoding RNA, RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, and Glycolysis.

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA), a noncoding RNA over 200nt in length, can regulate glycolysis through metabolic pathways, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic reprogramming. Upon viral infection, increased aerobic glycolysis providzes material and energy for viral replication. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is the only protein-specified downstream of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) that bridges the gap between antiviral immunity and glycolysis. MAVS binding to RIG-I inhibits MAVS binding to Hexokinase (HK2), thereby impairing glycolysis, while excess lactate production inhibits MAVS and the downstream antiviral immune response, facilitating viral replication. LncRNAs can also regulate antiviral innate immunity by interacting with RIG-I and downstream signaling pathways and by regulating the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Altogether, we summarize the relationship between glycolysis, antiviral immunity, and lncRNAs and propose that lncRNAs interact with glycolysis and antiviral pathways, providing a new perspective for the future treatment against virus infection, including SARS-CoV-2.

Supply Chain Practices - OLA Cabs Users’ Perception

Supply chain practices of any organisation a plays vital role to satisfy the Customer expectation. Supply chain management of an organisation is taking care from suppliers to end users. The chain must move in smooth way based on the prescribed standards is the key for exceeding the customer expectations. The supply chain practices of Mobile application-based cab operators are based on the triangle relationship. The triangle includes the Customers, Drivers and App service providers. The technology is connecting the all the corners of the triangle. This paper is trying to provide an insight about the OLA Cabs users’ perception over the supply chain practices of OLA cabs in White field, Bangalore city. It tries to identify the Key factors of Customer Perception over the supply chain practices of OLA Cabs.

Longcuts in the global migration network

Different from the regular migration some migrants want the opportunity to move further to a new country rather than settle down. However, this peculiar “transit migration” is only studied based on small-scale surveys, which is regional and always controversial. To reconcile the contradiction of the fact that systematic issues such as immigration analysis need global large-scale data, this paper constructs a multilateral migration network and studies its statistical characteristics to get the probability of being transit countries and routes. It is quantified by irregular triangle relationships in the global migration network, and shows some popular springboards mentioned in prior research studies, such as Canada and Australia acting as the global hubs, and some typical transit countries directing to Europe, as Russia, Turkey, France and Germany. Besides, it also reveals and quantifies several hidden possible transit stations that were seldom noticed before, like South Africa, Israel and some hubs of local refugee flows in Africa. Exploring these possible routes and key notes might shed light on policy development, and from the viewpoint of physics, these results provide an objective view to transit migrants and countries that is free of prejudice and political attitudes.

Structure, characteristics and connectivity analysis of the Asian-Australasian cruise shipping network

ABSTRACT Cruise shipping is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the maritime industry. This is due to the growing demand of the sector and the extension of capacity and cruise service coverage. This study uses network measures and random network models to analyse the structure, characteristics and connectivity of the cruise shipping network in Asia and Australasia. An analysis of 200 cruise voyages operated by 12 international cruise lines between 139 ports across 20 countries in the Asian and Australasian regions has found that the cruise shipping network is a scale-free network. This means the degree distribution follows a power law. A few ports play a central role in connecting ports in the network. However, their importance in the network varies depending on which measure of centrality is used, i.e. the degree, betweenness, closeness and eigenvector centrality. The establishment of a link between two ports is influenced by their connections with a third one or triangle relationship.

A Design Method of Compensation Circuit for High-Power Dynamic Capacitive Power Transfer System Considering Coupler Voltage Distribution for Railway Applications

Capacitive power transfer (CPT) is a promising method to solve the problems caused by the traditional Pantograph-catenary contact power supply for railway applications. In contrast, the CPT system suffers a broken risk because of the small coupling capacitor. This paper has analyzed the CPT coupler’s voltage distributions for dynamic CPT systems when high power is required in real railway applications. The triangle relationship among the coupler voltages is derived. The circuit of the CPT system to accolated the coupler voltage is analyzed. Then, the compensation parameters are given. With the adopted LCLC-CL topology, the design process is presented by considering the coupler voltages. An experimental setup is conducted to validate the proposed design method. The experimental results show that the system can achieve 3 kW output power with 92.46% DC-DC efficiency and the voltage distribution aggress well with the designed values.

ROLE OF TEACHER IN CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

The present study is an attempt to examine the role of the teacher in character development. The teacher is the whole and sole responsibility in the sequence of building up the student character.
 
 There is a triangle relationship between a teacher (P.E.T.) and the students' behaviour and character.
 
 In this connection, the teacher must know about the principles of character development. One of the impartments accepted for building up a character is the relationship between the teacher and student.
 
 The basic concept is of two types for building up the Character 1. Those derived from social nature.
 
 2. Those derived from psychological nature.

Changes of serum retinol-binding protein 4 associated with improved insulin resistance after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Chinese obese patients

BackgroundSerum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) plays a critical role in insulin resistance. The mechanism behind the impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on glucose metabolism is unclear. Hence, we aimed to investigate the triangle relationship between the RBP4, glucose metabolism, and LSG in patients of Chinese ethnicity.MethodsThe study enrolled eighty-two obese patients. Glucose-lipid metabolic index, uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured. RBP4 levels were detected by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay. 30 obese patients underwent LSG were studied. All these markers were measured again at a time interval of 3 and 6 months after surgery.Results(1) Circulating RBP4 levels were positively associated with body mass index(BMI), blood glucose in 0 min (BG0), BG30, BG120, BG180, fasting inulin(FINS), fasting C peptide(FCP), homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), SOD, TSH and negatively associated with Matsuda index in obesity with a significant difference (P < 0.05). RBP4 levels in the patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia were significantly higher than the patients without IFG, insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia (P = 0.035, P = 0.001, and P = 0.007). (2) LSG resulted in significantly decreased FBG, FINS, FCP and HOMA-IR at 3, 6 months after surgery (all P < 0.05). The RBP4 levels were significantly decreased after surgery (all P < 0.05) with no gender difference. (3) The change in RBP4 levels was significantly associated with the change in FINS, FCP, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β at 6 months and the change in TSH at 3 months after surgery in males (all P < 0.05). The change in RBP4 levels were significantly associated with the change in FINS, FCP, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and TCH at 3 months after surgery in females (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, our results interpret the significant correlations between RBP4, glucose-lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and thyroid function in obese patients. Further, the LSG brings a decline in RBP4 levels and that may contribute partly to the improved insulin resistance in obese Chinese patients.