Triamcinolone Acetonide For Macular Edema Research Articles

Study of the efficiency and safety of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide in macular edema

Purpose To evaluate through a prospective study the efficiency and safety of triamcinolone in subconjunctival injection on macular edema (ME), in the short and medium term. Patients and methods All the patients included in the study underwent ophthalmologic examination and optic coherence tomography of the macula. The injection of 0.2–0.3 ml (8–12 mg) of triamcinolone was done in the subconjunctival space. We evaluated its efficiency by measuring the best-corrected visual acuity and the central macular thickness at 1, 3, and 6 months. Safety was evaluated by following up the intraocular pressure; the presence or absence of cataract and conjunctival complications at 1, 3, and 6 months; and the glycemic control. Results A total of 44 eyes (36 patients) were included. The overall best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness improved after injection. Overall, 67% of diabetic patients required reinjection at the third month. In the cases of inflammatory ME (uveitis and Irvine–Gass), the evolution has remained stable for 6 months after a single injection. No significant variation in intraocular pressure was noted after 1 month (P=0.38), after 3 months (P=0.20), or after 6 months (P=0.13). However, four patients developed ocular hypertension (10 mmHg or more above baseline), which has been well controlled with local monotherapy. Overall, 9.5% of phakic patients developed a cataract at the control of the sixth month. The change in glycated hemoglobin before and after the injection was not significant (P=0.84). Conclusion Subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide seems to be an interesting and well-tolerated alternative therapy of ME in the short and medium term.

Comparison of intravitreal injection of conbercept and triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.

To compare the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) and triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). A prospective, randomized clinical study. Patients with ME secondary to BRVO were randomly assigned to either IVC group or IVTA group at a ratio of 2:1 and a 12-month follow-up was performed. The efficacy outcome measures included the mean changes and differences in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the central retinal thickness (CRT). The safety profiles and the mean retreatment intervals were also compared. There was no statistically significant difference of baseline between the two groups (IVC group, n=36; IVTA group, n=17). At 12mo, the BCVA letters improved by 27.31±18.36 in the IVC group, and 13.53±11.37 in the IVTA group (P=0.0004). CRT reduction was 253.33±163.69 and 150.24±134.32 µm, respectively (P=0.0034). The mean BCVA in the IVC group was superior to that of the IVTA group for months 6-12 (P<0.01). The mean CRT at 9 and 12mo were thinner in the IVC group compared to the IVTA group (P<0.01). The mean retreatment interval in the IVC group was longer than that in the IVTA group (97.40±36.27d vs 68.71±36.38d, P=0.0030). One eye in the IVC group and seven eyes in the IVTA group developed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP; P=0.0012). The proportion of eyes with cataract new-onset or progression were 19.44% in the IVC group and 64.71% in the IVTA group (P=0.0012). IVC could maintain or improve BCVA and reduce CRT for a longer time and have longer retreatment interval than IVTA. In addition, patients treated with IVTA are more susceptible to IOP elevation and cataract progression.

One-year results of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion.

To compare anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monotherapy with anti-VEGF therapy combined with sub-Tenon's capsule injections of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) in patients with macular edema (ME) associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Retrospective observational study METHODS: This study included 186 eyes: 138 eyes received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR), and the remaining 48 eyes received IVR combined with STTA therapy. If additional IVR were necessary, STTA were performed simultaneously. Both groups showed a rapid reduction in ME. The changes in logMAR visual acuity (VA) from baseline to 12months were - 0.26 ± 0.26 in the IVR and - 0.20 ± 0.26 in the IVR with STTA groups (P = 0.209). The changes in mean central foveal thickness from baseline to 12months were - 226.9 ± 208.2µm in the IVR and - 236.0 ± 214.0µm in the IVR with STTA groups (P = 0.798). The required number of IVR was 3.4 ± 1.9 in the IVR group, and 3.4 ± 1.6 in the IVR and STTA group (P = 0.950). There were no significant differences in any parameters between the two groups. There were no clear differences between combination therapy of anti-VEGF with STTA and anti-VEGF monotherapy for the treatment of patients with ME associated with BRVO. The number of anti-VEGF injections in patients who received the combination therapy was not reduced as compared with the number of anti-VEGF injections in patients who received the monotherapy.

Combined Treatment with Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema Due to Retinal Vein Occlusion

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of combined intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone in the treatment of macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. A prospective randomized trial was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Osijek University Hospital Centre in Osijek including 51 patients divided into three groups depending on the drug received. The first group received 1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab, the second group received 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone, and the third group received a combination of 1.25 mg bevacizumab and 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone on the same day. Changes in the central macular thickness, intraocular pressure and visual acuity were monitored during the follow up period. The retinal perfusion status was evaluated by fluorescein angiography. The group that received combined treatment had better outcome in terms of reduction of macular thickness. There was no statistically significant intraocular pressure elevation among the three treatment groups or within each group of patients. A positive trend regarding visual improvement was observed in the group receiving combined treatment in spite of the lowest initial visual acuity, highest value of macular thickness and longest mean duration of symptoms. In conclusion, combined treatment with bevacizumab and triamcinolone for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion is more potent, safe, efficient and cost-effective. It can also be recommended because fewer injections are needed in patients undergoing treatment for macular edema.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus triamcinolone acetonide for macular oedema of central retinal vein occlusion: quantifying efficacy and safety

Purpose Among the retinal vascular diseases, burden of retinal vein occlusion is most common immediately after diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal corticosteroids are gaining popularity in managing macular edema (ME) of RVO. Our study compares efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) and dexamethasone implant (IVD) over 6 months.MethodsThis comparative, prospective, randomized study on 40 patients of non-ischemic central RVO with significant ME (> 330 μm) of < 3 months duration. Study was done at Army Research Hospital between Sep-2012 and May-2014 in accordance to Helsinki Declaration. IVD group (n = 20) received Ozurdex® while IVTA group (n = 20) received triamcinolone-acetonide (4 mg/0.1 ml), followed up at day-1 and weeks 4, 8, 12, 24.ResultsAt 6 months, mean improvement in best corrected visual acuity and retinal thickness (CMT) in the IVD group was 0.43 logmar and 323 μm and in IVTA group was 0.49 logmar and 322 μm respectively. Proportion of patients achieving ≥ 15 letters was about 40% in both groups. IOP rise was significantly higher in IVTA group at 12 and 24 weeks. In IVTA group ≥ 10 mmHg IOP rise was seen in 60% of patients, 41.6% among them had > 35 mmHg and 66% needed combination treatment and failed to reach baseline line IOP at 6 months. In IVD group, 5 pts had IOP rise with all being < 26 mmHg and were easily managed with single agent with IOP reaching baseline by 6th month in all pts. Relative risk of IOP rise with IVTA is 2.4 times higher compared to IVD. Cataract progression and cataract surgeries were required at significantly higher rates in IVTA group. In IVTA group, cataract progression was seen in 35% patients, with 71.5% requiring cataract surgery at 6 months. IVD group, 10% patients had cataract progression while none required surgery at 6 months. Relative risk of cataract progression with IVTA is 3.5 times higher compared to IVD.ConclusionIntravitreal steroids are effective in managing macular edema of retinal vein occlusion, while newer formulation of sustained release dexamethasone implant is significantly safer than IVTA.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion: Quantifying efficacy and safety

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion: Quantifying efficacy and safety

Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion in young adults

Objective To observe the clinical effects and safety of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO-ME) in young adults. Methods This is a clinical retrospective study. Twenty-eight eyes of 28 cases of CRVO-ME were treated with intravitreal injeciton of ranibizumab of 0.5 mg combined with triamcinolone acetonide of 1 mg and the repeat injection was performed when needed. The follow-up time was 6 months. The changes of best corrected visual acuity ( logMAR, BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) before the treatment and at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after the treatment were observed. Results The BCVA before the treatment was 1.03±0.16, and were 0.80±0.31, 0.46±0.06, 0.30±0.23, 0.43±0.23, 0.37±0.22, 0.30±0.04 and 0.26±0.14, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after the treatment. The BCVA at each time point after the treatment was obviously improved and the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05). During the follow-up time no cataract, endophthalmitis or other complication occurred. Conclusion Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with TA for CRVO-ME in young adults can improve visual acuity and reduce macular edema. Repeated intravitreal injection in the short time can maintain the vision in a relatively stable state without serious complications. Key words: Macular edema; Central retinal vein occlusion; Ranibizumab; Triamcinolone acetonide; Young adults

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion persisting despite multiple intravitreal bevacizumab injections.

To evaluate the response to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema persisting or recurring despite multiple intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatments for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Retrospective interventional case series of 21 eyes with CRVO from 21 patients who were diagnosed with persistent or recurrent macular edema secondary to CRVO and treated with 0.1mL (4mg) intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) after initial treatment with 3 or more IVB injections. Anatomic and visual responses were the study primary outcomes. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was 1.19 (20/316) immediately before IVTA injection, and improved to 1.04 (20/219) 1 month after IVTA administration (P=0.003). The mean central macular thickness on optical coherence tomography decreased from 533.4 μm immediately before IVTA to 327.9 μm after IVTA injection (P<0.001). No cases of endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, or neovascularization were noted. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide appears to improve vision and reduce persistent or recurrent macular edema secondary to CRVO despite multiple bevacizumab injections.

Complications of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema and predictive factors for intraocular pressure elevation.

To investigate the complications of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for the treatment of macular edema, and to determine the risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Charts of patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), diabetic retinopathy and uveitis who had received IVTA injections were reviewed to document its complications. IOP elevation was defined as a pressure of ≥24mmHg at some point during follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to characterize baseline risk factors for this elevation. The study included 111 eyes of 65 female and 46 male patients with a mean follow-up of (11.6±5.1) months. Of the 111 eyes, 52 (46.8%) had macular edema secondary to BRVO, 44 (39.6%) had clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSDME) and 15 (13.5%) had non-infectious uveitis with macular edema. IOP was recorded ≥ 24mmHg in 38 eyes (34.2%) during the follow-up. Higher baseline IOP (P=0.022), younger age (P=0.003), and male gender (P=0.014) were significant risk factors for IOP elevation after IVTA injection. Eyes with prior vitrectomy were less likely to have IOP elevation (P=0.054). Two eyes (5.2% of eyes with increased IOP) underwent trabeculectomy, and 9 eyes (16.3% of the phakic eyes) necessitated cataract surgery. Other complications included branch vein occlusion (1.8%), sterile endophthalmitis (0.9%) and pseudohypopyon (0.9%). IVTA has side effects with IOP elevation and cataract formation being the two most common. A subset of patients is more prone to developing increased IOP following IVTA, namely, younger male patients with higher baseline IOP.

Changes of photopic negative response after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion

Background Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can effectively eliminate central vein occlusion macular edema and improve visual acuity, and photopic negative response (PhNR) can reflect the inner retinal function of RGCs and their axons. It is possible there is a correlation between these two observations.Objective This study was to evaluate the changes of PhNR of flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) after intravitreal injection of TA for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO ). Methods Thirteen eyes of 12 patients with macular edema caused by CRVO received an injection of 0. 1 ml (4 rg) of TA. PhNR,visual acuity and retinal thickness of macular area were assessed with Roland RETI scan 3. 15 system,decimal visual chart and Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 4 weeks after the administration of TA. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical procedure. Results Visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes and stable in 1 eye 4 weeks following the intravitreal injection of TA. OCT showed that the retinal thickness of the macular area was reduced ;meanwhile,elevation of the amplitude of PhNR also was seen in the F-ERG after the administration of TA in comparison with before the administration of TA. The calculated results determined that the visual acuities were 0. 32t0. 12 and 0. 48±0. 09 (t=6. 325 ,P=0. 000) ,and the retinal thickness values of the macular area were (459.46± 131.31 ) μm and ( 297.54 ±43.31 ) μm ( t = 5.961, P = 0. 000 ), and the average amplitude of PhNR were ( 80. 23±22.96 ) μV and (61.28 ±20. 16 ) μV ( t = 4. 438, P = 0. 001 ) before and after the intravitreal injection of TA, respectively,showing significant differences. No significant correlation was found between PhNR amplitude and retinal thickness of the macular area both before and after the administration of TA ( before: r = 0. 587, P = 0. 035; after:r=-0. 011 ,P = 0. 971 ). Conclusion PhNR can be used for evaluating the status of inner retina after intravitreal injection of TA for macular edema of CRVO. Key words: Central retinal vein occlusion; Macular edema; Triamcinolon acetonide; Electroretinogrom; Photopic negative response

Intravitreal bevacizumab versus triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: a matched study

Background Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder of the elderly and both intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and intravitreal bevacizumab were reported to be effective. The purpose of this study was to compare intravitreal bevacizumab with intravitreal TA for the treatment of macular edema resulting from BRVO. Methods The retrospectively comparative interventional study included a bevacizumab group of 34 BRVO patients (1.25 mg bevacizumab) and a TA group of 34 BRVO patients (4.0 mg TA), and the two groups were matched by baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Examinations were designed to be carried out at 1 day, 3 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after each injection. The mean follow-up was (148.43±130.56) days. Main outcome parameters were BCVA and morphometric measurements of the macula obtained by optical coherence tomography. Results In all follow-ups, the mean changes of BCVA (LogMAR) between two groups were not significantly different (P &gt;0.10). Similarly, the rates of patients who got BCVA improvement ≥ lines or lost BCVA ≥ lines were not significantly different, either (P &gt;0.10). In both groups, compared with baseline, the mean central macular thickness (CMT) got reduction from 4 weeks to 1 year after initial injection, however, which lost statistical significance at 6-month follow-up in TA group (P=0.25) and lost significance at 3-month and 6-month follow-up in bevacizumab group (P=0.07, 0.21). The mean CMT between two groups differed at 3-month follow-up (P &lt;0.01), while almost kept parallel in other follow-ups (all P &gt;0.40). In TA group, retinal pigment epithelium tear occurred in 1 eye at 8 weeks after initial injection and 12 eyes (35.3%) got intraocular pressure &gt;21 mmHg. In bevacizumab group, no severe complications were observed. Conclusion For BRVO, intravitreal bevacizumab versus intravitreal TA causes a similar increase in visual acuity and reduction of macular edema (except 3-month follow-up) with minor complications during 1 year.

Grid Laser Photocoagulation After Intravitreal Triamcinolone for Macular Edema Associated With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of macular laser photocoagulation after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: In this retrospective study we reviewed the medical records of patients who had been treated with an intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to BRVO and followed up for more than six months. We divided the eyes into two groups, namely, the IVTA-only group and the additional grid laser group after IVTA. Visual acuity, macular thickness, intraocular pressure, and abundance of IVTA were compared. Results: A total of 41 eyes underwent IVTA, 21 of which were treated with additional macular grid photocoagulation. The difference in best corrected visual acuity before IVTA between the two groups was not statistically significant. Laser photocoagulation was performed at an average of 2.8 months after IVTA. Final VA and foveal thickness improved significantly after IVTA in both groups and showed no significant difference between the two groups. After six months a second injection was required in six eyes in the IVTA group and one eye in the photocoagulation group due to recurrence of macular edema, the difference of which was significant (p=0.04). Conclusions: IVTA in BRVO patients improved macular edema and visual acuity. Combined grid photocoagulation after IVTA lowered the recurrence rate of macular edema. Grid photocoagulation can be considered as a useful adjuvant for avoiding repeated administration of intravitreal triamcinolone.

Vitrectomy Alone Versus Vitrectomy With Simultaneous Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone for Macular Edema Associated With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy with simultaneous intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. A retrospective study of 45 eyes with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. A posterior vitreous detachment was created and the vitreous cortex was completely removed, after which 23 eyes immediately had an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (triamcinolone acetonide group) and 22 eyes did not (no triamcinolone acetonide group). Visual acuity, fluorescein angiograms, and foveal thickness determined by optical coherence tomography were examined preoperatively and postoperatively. Mean postoperative visual acuity at 12 months was significantly better than the preoperative visual acuity in both groups. The fovea was significantly thinner 1 month postoperatively in both groups. Foveal thickness gradually decreased until 12 months in the no triamcinolone acetonide group; however, foveal thickness increased for 12 months in the triamcinolone acetonide group. A recurrence of macular edema was more frequent in the triamcinolone acetonide group than in the no triamcinolone acetonide group (P = .006). Because there was no significant difference in the improvement of best-corrected visual acuity between the groups 12 months postoperatively, there may be no benefit in the use of intraoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.

Herpes Simplex Keratitis After Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide

To report a case of recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) epithelial keratitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Case report. We describe a case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of ocular HSV disease and severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. She received an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema in the right eye. One week later, she developed foreign body sensation, redness, and photophobia in the same eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed a corneal epithelial dendritic lesion. She was diagnosed with a recurrence of HSV epithelial keratitis and was treated with oral acyclovir 400 mg, 5 times a day, with good resolution of HSV signs and symptoms. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection may result in reactivation of HSV keratitis.

Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema : Long-term Safety and Efficacy after Two Years

Purpose: To evaluate the 2 year safety and efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent an intravitreal injection of 4 milligrams of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion from September 2002 to March 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Out of 108 eyes, 50 eyes, which allowed for continuous follow-up, were chosen. The measured results included visual acuity (ETDRS), macular thickness (OCT), intraocular pressure, formation or progression of cataract, and additional intervention. Results: Out of 50 eyes, 17 eyes (34%) showed steady improvement of visual acuity and macular thickness in during the follow up period. Out of 17 eyes, 15 eyes underwent additional laser photocoagulation before or after injection. Significant elevation of IOP developed in 5 eyes (10%). Cataract progressed in 7 phakic eyes (14%) required operation. Conclusions: Additional treatments such as laser photocoagualtion appear to enhance the duration of efficacy in intrvitreal triamcinolone for macular edema.

Early versus Late Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema associated with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

PurposeTo compare the effect of early versus late intravitreal injection of triamcinolone in patients with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsTwenty eyes of 20 patients with macular edema from BRVO, including 10 with duration after onset of ≤3 months and 10 with duration of >3 months, were treated using a single intravitreal triamcinolone injection (4 mg/0.1 ml). Best-corrected visual acuity and foveal thickness by optical coherence tomography were measured 1, 3, and 6 months post-injection.ResultsIn patients that received treatment after a disease duration of ≤3 months, visual acuity and foveal thickness significantly improved from baseline over 6 months of follow-up. However, in those with a duration of > 3 months, improvements in visual acuity and foveal thickness, though apparent at 1 month, were not maintained at 3 and 6 months post-triamcinolone.ConclusionsIntravitreal triamcinolone is more effective in patients with BRVO who are treated earlier.

Clinical observation of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

目的 观察玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德(TA)治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)继发黄斑水肿的疗效.方法 对经间接检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)以及光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查确诊的RVO继发黄斑水肿患者39例39眼行TA玻璃体腔注射,治疗后随访1年,对比分析术前术后不同时期的视力、眼底、FFA表现,观察OCT显示黄斑水肿高度.结果 中央视网膜静脉阻塞(CRVO)24眼(缺血型17眼,非缺血型7眼),分支视网膜静脉阻塞(BRVO) 15眼(缺血型7眼,非缺血型8眼).最终随访视力提高者28眼,比术前降低者5眼,不变者6眼.OCT形态恢复正常者15眼,改善者21眼,无改善者3眼.12眼术后出现一过性眼压升高.结论 玻璃体腔注射TA是一种安全有效的治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的方法。

INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION FOR TREATMENT OF MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone injection in eyes with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) over a 2-year period. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of 13 eyes of 13 patients (mean age 68 years) who underwent intravitreal injections with 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to BRVO. Six eyes received a single injection. Repeated injections were performed in one eye twice, four eyes three times, and two eyes four times. Mean follow-up was 13 months (range, 4 to 24). The time between the onset of symptoms and the injection averaged 7.4 months (range, 2 to 24). Mean postinjection central foveal thickness decreased to 56% of preinjection values (529 mum versus 295 mum, P < 0 .001). Final visual acuity improved in seven eyes (range 2 to 6 Snellen lines), remained the same in four eyes (range 0 to 1 Snellen lines), and worsened in two eyes (range -1 to -4 Snellen lines) compared to baseline. The retinal thickness decreased in all cases; vision improved in most cases. As the number of injections increased cataractous changes increased. Visual acuity improvement was significantly correlated with patient age (P = 0.026). Eight patients developed steroid induced ocular hypertension controlled by topical medication. Cataract extraction was judged to aggravate macular edema in three of the five eyes undergoing surgery, based upon optical coherence tomography or fluorescein angiography. Median best postinjection visual acuity (20/50) was significantly better than that of baseline (20/100) (P = 0.028) as well as last follow-up (20/70) (P = 0.003). Intravitreal triamcinolone should be further evaluated as a treatment option for macular edema associated with BRVO.

Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy and Venous Occlusive Disease

Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy and Venous Occlusive Disease