Triadic Relationship Research Articles

Typologies of Secularism in China: Religion, Superstition, and Secularization

AbstractThis article examines four typologies of secularism in China from the sixteenth century onward, through an analysis of the triadic relationship between the secular, religious, and superstitious. These notions have been considered to be derived from the particular intellectual and political history of the West, but this fails to grasp the complexity of non-Western belief systems. This article proposes to instead examine how Chinese policymakers and intellectuals actively fabricated religion and produced secularization. It goes beyond a simple rebuttal of Eurocentrism, and arguments regarding the mutual incomparability of Western and Chinese experiences of secularization. It distinguishes four typologies of secularism that emerged successively in China: (1) the reduction of Christianity from the sixteenth century to the 1900s; (2) the Confucian secular and (3) atheist secular that were conceptualized, respectively, by royalist reformers and anti-Manchu revolutionaries during the final two decades of the Qing Dynasty; and (4) the interventionist secularism pursued by the Republican and the Communist regimes to strictly supervise and regulate religious beliefs and practices. The paper argues that, if secularization is indeed Christian in nature, secularism and religion were not imposed in China under Western cultural and political hegemony. Instead, the Christian secular model was produced in China mainly via pre-existing cultural norms and the state’s ad hoc political needs, making the Christian secularism itself a multipolar phenomenon.

Studies on the Relationship between Occupational Stress and Mental Health, Performance, and Job Satisfaction of Chinese Civil Aviation Pilots

This research work delves into the potential impact of occupational stress on the mental health, performance, and job satisfaction of civil aviation pilots. To explore this triadic relationship, a battery of six distinct scales was employed, including the Chinese Civil Aviation Pilot Occupational Stress Scale, the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), the Flight Performance Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 131 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis, yielding a valid response rate of 65.5%. The findings demonstrate a negative correlation between occupational stress experienced by Chinese civil aviation pilots and their mental health, performance, and job satisfaction. Notably, a positive coping style was identified as a moderator in the relationship between occupational stress and flight performance, effectively mitigating the negative impact of stress on flight performance. Similarly, a negative coping style was found to moderate the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction, attenuating the adverse effects of occupational stress on job satisfaction. This study underscores the predictive utility of investigating the occupational stress experienced by pilots for understanding their mental health, performance, and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it highlights the potential for adjusting the negative impact of occupational stress on flight performance and job satisfaction through interventions that target pilots’ coping styles.

Triadic Collaboration Between Adolescents, Caregivers, and Health-Care Providers to Promote Healthy Behavior

PurposeTo further elucidate the various aspects of the triadic relationship between health-care providers (HCP), adolescents, and caregivers during adolescent health-care visits, with the goal of helping HCPs better understand how they can best support adolescents to choose healthy behaviors. MethodsAdolescents (ages 13–18 years) and caregivers of adolescents were recruited to participate in qualitative interviews regarding preferences for provider interactions around health behavior change. Data analysis was conducted using inductive thematic analysis to identify and describe patterns of themes across the dataset. ResultsThirty one adolescents and 30 caregivers participated. Fourteen themes emerged in the analysis regarding adolescent and caregiver preferences for direct and indirect relationships between adolescents, caregivers, and HCPs in promoting healthy behavior. These themes were organized into a triadic collaboration framework to promote healthy behavior using an adolescent-centered and caregiver-involved approach. DiscussionThis study supports findings of previous research on triadic interactions between HCPs, adolescents, and caregivers while deepening our understanding of the HCP's role in helping adolescents to choose healthy behaviors. These themes are representative of the continuing shift toward an adolescent-centered and caregiver-involved approach to adolescent health care and provide further guidance to HCPs on how to work collaboratively with both adolescents and caregivers to promote healthy behaviors and improve health outcomes.

Exploring Child-Patient Autonomy: Findings from an Ethnographic Study of Clinic Visits by Children

In research into the involvement of children in decision-making about their health and treatment there is an over-reliance on interviews (with children, parents and doctors) as a research method. What actually happens during clinic visits in terms of child-adult communication and how children participate in decision-making has been largely overlooked. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring how child-patient autonomy functions in a child-parent-doctor triadic relationship. The study is based on ethnographic non-participatory observations of appointments with doctors involving 31 children and young adults ranging in age from 2 to 19 years. The study demonstrates that patient autonomy is not clearly attributed to either the child or the parent by the doctor, but is shared between them, and therefore child-patient autonomy is a relational process that is conceptualised as autonomy-making in this article.

Digital transformation as an enabler of sustainability innovation and performance – Information processing and innovation ambidexterity perspectives

As sustainability gains increased importance among investors and regulators, firms are resorting to digitalization as a means to facilitate innovations and significantly improve their sustainability performances. Drawing on innovation ambidexterity and information processing theory, a framework was curated to assess the effect of digital transformation factors on sustainability innovation ambidexterity as well as sustainability performance. A survey questionnaire was administered to 187 maritime professionals who held relevant roles in innovation, performance management, sustainability, or digitalization. The data collected was then assessed using structural equation modelling, which revealed that the factors influencing sustainability performance, in decreasing order of importance, were digital capabilities, digital technology and business strategy alignment, sustainability exploration innovation, sustainability exploitation innovation, and digital flexibility. These findings contribute to the existing literature by employing the concepts of the identified theories to examine the triadic relationship between digital transformation factors, sustainability innovation ambidexterity, and sustainability performance. This provides a deeper understanding of the interactions between variables that lead to sustainability performance. In addition, it offers directions for managers to enhance sustainability performance through resource optimization in prioritizing training for employees, portfolio management, scheduling regular meetings between information technology and business management teams, and adopting forward-looking approaches to implement digital architecture.

The therapeutic relationship within the patient-caregiver-physiotherapist triangle in the rehabilitation of neurological diseases

Objectives The relationship between patient and physiotherapist increases in complexity when patients experience chronic disability and require caregiver assistance at home. Since relatives often support therapeutic activities, they too play an important role that may significantly influence therapy success. This study reconstructs the therapeutic relationship triangle of patients, caregivers and physiotherapists in neurorehabilitation and seeks to examine how these relationships influence the rehabilitation process. Methods A qualitative triangulation study consisting of participant observations and group discussions with long-term affected patients, their family caregivers and physiotherapists were realised. Data were analysed and triangulated using the documentary method. Results Two patient types were identified: the optimistic, success-motivated patient type and the pessimistic type. Regarding relatives, a confident, hopeless and a sceptical type emerged. The types differ in their expectations, hopes and desires in therapy. This fundamentally affects the therapeutic relationship triangle. Discussion Differing expectations of patients and their relatives should be recognised and taken into account by physiotherapists, as a successful triadic relationship is a prerequisite for effective therapeutic measures. The involvement of relatives in the therapy process plays an important role in achieving therapy goals. More attention should be placed within the triad, in future research and in clinical practice.

The unexpected consequences of engaging tourists in destination social responsibility through check-out-charity: the case of ski resorts in the French alps

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effectiveness of check-out charity (COC) campaigns, a fundraising strategy where customers donate at the point of sale, as a method for promoting destination social responsibility (DSR) in tourist destinations. Employing interviews, polls, and case studies in Alps ski resorts, it explores whether tourists perceive donations to local projects as a means of participating in DSR, and the impact on their attitudes towards the destination. Despite tourists' willingness to support local causes, the findings suggest COC requests aren't consistently perceived as beneficial to the destination due to a triadic relationship between the cause, the store, and the destination, causing confusion about the donation beneficiary. Moreover, COC requests can unintentionally lead to negative outcomes, including unwillingness to donate and feelings of annoyance.

Caregiver Burden and the Impact of Diagnostic Disclosure of Dementia: Why Primary Care Physicians Have a Moral Responsibility to Disclose.

AbstractCurrently, the number of individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease is rapidly increasing, expected to reach 14 million in the United States within 30 years. In spite of this impending crisis, less than 50 percent of primary care physicians disclose the diagnosis of dementia to their patients. This failure negatively impacts not only patients but also caregivers, whom dementia patients require to help them meet their needs and who often serve as important decision makers, either as surrogates or as designated healthcare agents for the patient. If caregivers are not informed about and prepared to deal with the challenges they face, their health, both emotional and physical, is put at risk. We will argue that both patient and caregiver have the right to be informed of the diagnosis, as their interests are intertwined, especially as the disease progresses and the caregiver becomes the primary advocate for the patient. The caregiver of an individual with dementia therefore becomes intimately connected to the patient's autonomy in a way few caregivers of other diseases do. In this article, we will show that a timely and thorough disclosure of the diagnosis is morally obligated by the core principles of medical ethics. As the population ages, primary care physicians must see themselves in a triadic relationship with both the dementia patient and caregiver, recognizing that the interests of both are deeply interdependent.

Digital health competencies for the next generation of physicians.

As health care continues to change and evolve in a digital society, there is an escalating need for physicians who are skilled and enabled to deliver care using digital health technologies, while remaining able to successfully broker the triadic relationship among patients, computers and themselves. The focus needs to remain firmly on how technology can be leveraged and used to support good medical practice and quality health care, particularly around resolution of longstanding challenges in health care delivery, including equitable access in rural and remote areas, closing the gap on health outcomes and experiences for First Nations peoples and better support in aged care and those living with chronic disease and disability. We propose a set of requisite digital health competencies and recommend that the acquisition and evaluation of these competencies become embedded in physician training curricula and continuing professional development programmes.

Child of two worlds: How foster care workers perceive their skills in dealing with worldview differences in foster care

AbstractFoster children often encounter worldview differences between their foster family and their birth family, for example, when participating in religious activities and practices. Foster children not only have a right to continuity in upbringing but also consistency in worldview, culture and language. Good co‐parenting relationships are important for their identity development. For these reasons, foster care workers are entrusted with the task of supporting the triadic relationship of the foster child, birth parents and foster parents in dealing with worldview differences. Based on in‐depth interviews with foster care workers (n = 16) six skills in dealing with worldview differences can be distinguished: (1) basic knowledge of worldviews and identity formation; (2) empathizing with the other; (3) inquisitiveness to discover what is essential for the other; (4) initiating worldview conversations and keeping them going; (5) fostering self‐reflection in worldview; and (6) manoeuvring between and monitoring all interests. It is helpful if birth parents are well‐informed in advance about the impact of worldview differences and if foster care workers and foster parents are aware of the identity and developmental needs of foster children to explore the worldview of the foster family and the birth family.

Disruptive docs: teaching hybrid documentary filmmaking in Australia

ABSTRACT As a documentary educator and practitioner in Australia, ‘truth’ is an area of concern for both my students and I in undertaking the risky capturing and the representation of the lives of others. Documentaries are deceptively difficult to make, especially for the novice, and most especially when considering hybrid non-fiction genre forms. The questions my students pose often centre on how much can they blend reality in the ‘post truth’ moment, and what are the practical and ethical challenges of doing so? This paper urges teachers and makers alike to refer to established documentarians who investigate at truthful depictions that often transcend the didactic recitation of facts. Citing the examples of Conjuring the Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story (directed by Martin Scorsese, 2019) and The Rehearsal (created by and starring Nathan Fielder, 2022), I present a pragmatic discussion as to how disruptive non-fiction form a pure triadic relationship between participants, audiences, and filmmakers, which necessarily involves the overlap of ethics and creativity. I refer to a recent student hybrid documentary film Bustard Head (directed by Lucy Lakshman, 2021) as an example outcome of this pedagogically oriented approach.

A Review of Knowledge Graph-Based Reasoning Technology in the Operation of Power Systems

Knowledge graph (KG) technology is a newly emerged knowledge representation method in the field of artificial intelligence. Knowledge graphs can form logical mappings from cluttered data and establish triadic relationships between entities. Accurate derivation and reasoning of knowledge graphs play an important role in guiding power equipment operation and decision-making. Due to the complex and weak relations from multi-source heterogeneous data, the use of KGs has become popular in research to represent potential information in power knowledge reasoning. In this review, we first summarize the key technologies of knowledge graph representation and learning. Then, based on the complexity and real-time changes of power system operation and maintenance, we present multiple data processing, knowledge representation learning, and the graph construction process. In three typical power operation and fault decision application scenarios, we investigate current algorithms in power KG acquisition, representation embedding, and knowledge completion to illustrate accurate and exhaustive recommendations. Thus, using KGs to provide reference solutions and decision guidance has a significant role in improving the efficiency of power system operations. Finally, we summarize the achievements and difficulties of current research and give an outlook for future, promising roles of KG in power systems.

Triadic relationship among the frequency of role-play, self-regulatory behaviour in role-play, and self-regulation in preschool classrooms

ABSTRACT Studies have found a relationship between pretend play and self-regulation both during and outside pretend play; however, very few have investigated these three variables simultaneously. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the frequency of role-play (a type of pretend play), self-regulatory behaviour during role-play, and self-regulation in a classroom with 55 Japanese children aged 4–6. Teachers rated the frequency of role-play and self-regulation in classrooms, based on which we conducted observations to evaluate self-regulatory behaviour during role-play. Frequency of role-play and self-regulatory behaviour during role-play were associated with self-regulation in classrooms. However, the frequency of role-play was not associated with self-regulatory behaviour during role-play. The results suggest that children who frequently engage in pretend play do not necessarily demonstrate self-regulatory behaviours during pretend play.

Brain connectivity during social exclusion differs depending on the closeness within a triad among older adults living in a village.

Social exclusion occurs in various types of social relationships, from anonymous others to close friends. However, the role that social relationships play in social exclusion is less well known because most paradigms investigating social exclusion have been done in laboratory contexts, without considering the features of individuals' real-world social relationships. Here, we addressed this gap by examining how pre-existing social relationships with rejecters may influence the brain response of individuals experiencing social exclusion. Eighty-eight older adults living in a rural village visited the laboratory with two other participants living in the same village and played Cyberball in an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. Utilizing whole-brain connectome-based predictive modeling, we analyzed functional connectivity (FC) data obtained during the social exclusion task. First, we found that the level of self-reported distress during social exclusion was significantly related to sparsity, i.e.lack of closeness, within a triad. Furthermore, the sparsity was significantly predicted by the FC model, demonstrating that a sparse triadic relationship was associated with stronger connectivity patterns in brain regions previously implicated in social pain and mentalizing during Cyberball. These findings extend our understanding of how real-world social intimacy and relationships with excluders affect neural and emotional responses to social exclusion.

Beyond weight: associations between 24-hour movement behaviors, cardiometabolic and cognitive health in adolescents with and without obesity

ABSTRACT Background Adolescence is a critical time for establishing behaviors. 24-hour movement behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, and sedentary time, are likely to influence obesity, cardiovascular, and cognitive health. The aim was to examine associations between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health and cognitive functions in adolescents with and without obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included adolescents (n = 30, ages 12–16) with obesity and normal weight controls matched on age and sex. 24-hr movement behaviors of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep were assessed using waist-worn accelerometers. Cardiometabolic health was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery, body composition via dual x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood analyses of cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Cognitive health was assessed using two computer-based tasks. Linear regressions were used to examine associations between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and cognition. Results In examining relationships between 24-hr movement behaviors and cardiometabolic health, when adjusted for body fat percentage, MVPA was positively associated with cardiovascular health (FMD log difference 0.1, 95%CI: 0.003, 95%CI: .001, .01, p = .020), sedentary time was negatively associated (−0.7, 95%CI: −1.3, −0.2, p = .016), and total sleep time was negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (−0.1, 95%CI: −0.2, −0.005, p = .039). There were no statistically significant associations between 24-hr movement behaviors and cognitive outcomes, except sleep and reactive control. When examining relationships between cardiometabolic and cognitive outcomes, higher HDL was associated with improved cognitive accuracy and higher insulin was associated with slower reaction times. Conclusions 24-hour movement behaviors of MVPA, sedentary time, and sleep time were associated with cardiometabolic measurements in a small sample. 24-hr movement behaviors, particularly MVPA and sedentary time, may be important behaviors for cardiometabolic health in adolescents, independent of body composition. Additional research is needed on the triadic relationship between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and cognitive performance.

Exploring users’ continuance intention towards a peer-to-peer accommodation sharing platform

研究目的本文以点对点住宿共享为重点, 研究了感知价值对使用具有三元关系的平台所涉及的满意度（交易和体验）和持续使用意图两个维度的影响。研究设计/方法从 392 名 Airbnb 用户处收集调查数据, 并使用结构方程建模的偏最小二乘法 (PLS-SEM) 进行分析。研究发现感知价值的所有维度对基于交易的满意度都有显着影响。象征价值对满意度没有显着影响。基于交易和体验的满意度对持续意向有显着影响。研究意义/局限性研究结果强调了感知价值维度对理解点对点住宿环境中的客户满意度和持续意图的不同影响。该研究仅关注共享经济的一个部门, 即点对点住宿部门。研究原创性该研究对点对点住宿环境下的价值感知和持续意图之间的关系提供了新的见解。

Analysis of the Structure of Chinese Ink Installation Art Through the Triadic Relationship in Peirce's Semiotics

Analysis of the Structure of Chinese Ink Installation Art Through the Triadic Relationship in Peirce's Semiotics

Ethical judgments in the sharing economy: When consumers misbehave, providers complain

AbstractThe complex triadic relationships among consumers, providers, and platforms in the sharing economy have led to increasing conflicts in the interactions between the actors involved, especially when it comes to unethical behavior, such as rule breaking by consumers. This paper examines consumer misbehavior from the perspective of their peers, i.e., service providers. In two studies (an experiment and a survey, combined N = 452), we observe a significant positive effect of ethical climate and a significant negative effect of trust in consumers on providers' strictness of ethical judgments of consumer misbehavior and through this on negative word of mouth. Further, the survey results show that the relationship between the strictness of ethical judgments and negative word of mouth is only significant for providers with low or medium levels of trust in the platform. The results highlight the importance of regulating consumer misbehavior in the sharing economy.

Transforming acute pain management in children: A concept analysis to develop a new model of nurse, child and parent partnership.

To identify the core components of acute pain management in children, re-conceptualise the process and update the existing model to inform nursing research and clinical practice. Acute pain in hospitalised children remains suboptimal, despite extensive nursing research and education. Improvements require a patient-centred approach and a conceptual model which includes the role of parents and partnership. Using Rodgers' Evolutionary method, a concept analysis was conducted to define the core components for effective acute pain management in children. A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature from 1990 through 2020 was conducted using the terms "pain management," "pain control," "pain treatment," "multi modal," and "concept*". Abstracts from 85 articles were initially reviewed with 30 articles retained for analysis. Core concepts were identified, defined and synthesised. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used. A new model was developed from a synthesis of past work which incorporates the role of parents, the complexity of the process and definitions for shared decision-making. Trust, safety, collaborative communication and genuine partnership were identified as the core components for effective pain management in children, with the triadic relationship of nurses, patients and parents in genuine partnership foundational to the nursing process. The new model for acute pain management in children transforms the nurse's role from gatekeeper to facilitator, shifting the process from nurse driven to patient-centred. The new collaborative model will promote shared decision-making for individualised pain assessments, interventions and evaluations. Establishing the nurse, child, parent partnership as an essential foundation to pain management has the potential to expand pain assessments, optimise treatment selections, advancing clinical practice, patient outcomes and nursing science. No Patient or Public Contributions were included in this paper as this was a concept analysis pulling from past works.

A cultural-historical study of emotions in play: catharsis and perezhivanie in an institutional care setting

ABSTRACT As a critical developmental goal, emotion regulation (ER) for young children in orphanages has yet to be fully understood. This paper explores how co-experiencing of dramatic interactions in playworlds supports a child’s resolution and regulation of emotions in an institutional care setting in China. 49 hours of video data were analysed with the cultural-historical concepts of catharsis and perezhivanie. Findings show that catharsis as a crucial aspect of ER development takes the form of a triadic relationship between emotions, imagination, and drama. Together they create conditions for the child to reorganize the person-environment unity, which helps shape the child’s further development.