Tri-ponderal Mass Index Research Articles

Correlation of tri-ponderal mass index with insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in children and adolescents.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), a new indirect measure of fat mass, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3. The study included 1,630 children and adolescents who visited Jeonbuk National University Children's Hospital. Each patient's medical record was retrospectively reviewed for age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), TMI, and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. Study participants were divided by sex and then categorized by age, BMI, and TMI. Finally, the correlations of TMI with IGF-1 level, IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS), IGFBP-3 level, IGFBP-3 SDS, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were investigated. All participants were <19 years of age. BMI correlated with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in both sexes; however, the relationship with TMI differed by sex. TMI correlated with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 SDS in boys and with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 SDS in girls across all ages. In boys, BMI and TMI significantly correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the normal-weight group. TMI also correlated with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 SDS in the overweight group. In girls, BMI significantly correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the normal-weight group and with IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 SDS in the overweight group, while TMI correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the normal-weight group; with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 SDS in the overweight group; and with IGFBP-3 SDS in the obese group. TMI may more strongly correlate with IGFBP-3 level than BMI in overweight boys and with IGFBP-3 SDS in overweight and obese girls. The correlation of IGFBP-3 SDS with TMI may be helpful for evaluating weight status in adolescent girls.

Validity of Different Anthropometric Indices in the Assessment of Body Composition of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been increasing despite current advancements in the management of T1D. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in children and adolescents with T1D and evaluate the validity of new anthropometric indices, which have been recommended for defining overweight and obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on subjects with T1D between the ages of 5 and 21 years. The patients' anthropometric measurements were obtained, and Body Mass Index (BMI), waist/height ratio (WHtR), Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), and Conicity Index (CI) were calculated. The percentage of body fat (PBF) was measured with BIA. Results: Our study included 133 subjects (48.1% male, 77.4% pubertal) with a median age of 14.0 years (11.3 - 16.5) and a median duration of T1D of 4.5 years (1.5 - 7.3). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 21.8% according to BMI-SDS and 30.1% according to BIA. BMI-SDS, WC, WHtR, TMI, AVI, BRI, and BAI were effective methods in differentiating overweight/obesity. BMI-SDS demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.79%, a positive predictive value of 72.22%, a negative predictive value of 89.71%, and an AUC of 0.895 at a cut point of 0.63, highlighting its effectiveness in distinguishing overweight/obesity. Conclusions: In children and adolescents with T1D, the prevalence of obesity/overweight identified using BIA was significantly higher compared to BMI-SDS. When reference methods are unavailable, BMI-SDS is the optimal anthropometric method for determining overweight/obesity in this population, independent of sex and puberty. These findings suggest that BMI-SDS can be a reliable alternative for body composition assessment, ensuring accurate identification and management of overweight/obesity in this population.

Cut-off points of adiposity indices associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian postpubertal adolescents

ObjectivesThis study aims to establish cut-off points for lipid accumulation product and tri-ponderal mass index to identify insulin resistance (IR) in Brazilian postpubertal adolescents. MethodsWe conducted an analysis of postpubertal adolescents enrolled in the national school-based cross-sectional study of cardiovascular risks in adolescents (ERICA-BRAZIL) from February 2013 to November 2014. IR was defined by homeostatic model assessment index for IR values ≥2.32 for girls and ≥2.87 for boys. The analysis involved calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity values, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios to determine reference values of indices with optimal performance. ResultsThe sample was comprised of 14 026 adolescents, with 25.3% (95% confidence intervals: 24.6%–26.1%) exhibiting IR, more prevalent among girls and overweight individuals. The ideal lipid accumulation product cut-off points associated with IR were 13.5 for the total population, 13.8 for male adolescents, and 13.5 for girls. Regarding tri-ponderal mass index, the optimal cut-off values for identifying IR were 14.1, 13.9, and 14.5 kg/m³ in the general sample, boys, and girls, respectively. ConclusionsThis study establishes cut-off points for adiposity indices, demonstrating their effectiveness in screening for IR in postpubertal Brazilian adolescents.

Community childhood obesity assessment in elementary school, anthropometric indices as screening tools: a community cross-sectional study in Indonesia

BackgroundRepresentative anthropometric epidemiological data are needed to formulate screening and intervention methods to prevent obesity in children. This study aims to conduct community childhood obesity assessment in elementary school based...

The relationship of visceral adiposity with endothelial functions and subclinical atherosclerosis in obese individuals.

On the cardiovascular system, obesity accelerates atherosclerosis progression, inducing pathophysiological changes that are detectable already from young adults. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest vascular alterations observed in obesity. In this study, we aimed to determine endothelial functions and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with obesity without overt cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with 112 individuals with obesity without overt cardiovascular disease and any chronical diseases (BMI>30 kg/m2) (84 female, 28 male, mean age: 46.3±11.2 years) and 49 healthy individuals with no diseases (33 female, 16 male, mean age: 44.6±10.2 years). All patients were examined for endothelial functions by the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) method and carotid intima-media thicknesses (CIMT). All measurements were performed by the same imaging specialist, averaging 3 different measurements. In addition to the body mass index and waist circumference visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triponderal mass index (TPI) also calculated. The percentage of FMD obtained by brachial artery ultrasound was significantly lower, visceral adipose tissue, perirenal adipose tissue thicknesses measured by abdominal ultrasound and CIMT were significantly thicker in Group 1 compared to Group 2. FMD had a negative significant correlation with body mass index, visceral adipose tissue thickness, perirenal adipose tissue thickness, and waist and hip circumferences, and carotid intima-media thickness and CIMT had a significant correlation with visceral adipose tissue thickness, perirenal adipose tissue thickness, VAI, TPI and waist, hip circumferences. Individuals with obesity have impaired endothelial functions and greater carotid intima-media thicknesses compared to healthy individuals. This impairment in endothelial functions is proportional to the amount of visceral and perirenal fat accumulation. Parameterss reflecting visceral fat distribution such as VAI and TPI are also related with these impairment.

Tri-Ponderal Mass Index versus Body Mass Index: Correlation to Body Fat and Metabolic Profile

Abstract Background Obesity is a worldwide health problem. Obese individuals are at a high risk of developing dyslipidemia, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Recently, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) has been reported as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) because it may estimate body fat levels more accurately than BMI, especially in adolescents. TMI is nearly stable throughout adolescence . Aim of the Study To compare (BMI) and (TMI) as predictors of fat mass percentage (FM %) as detected by DXA scan and to compare the efficacy of TMI and BMI in predicting insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidaemia. Methods This study was conducted on sixty Egyptian healthy male and female with simple obesity with age range between 5-18 years. Patients were interviewed for data including, socio- economic status, dietetic history, physical activity, family history of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. Clinical examination included complete physical examination, Tanner stage, anthropometric measurements, their standard deviation scores (SDSs ). Lab investigations included fasting lipid profile, insulin, glucose and Insulin resistance by (HOMA-IR) index. Assessment of body composition including fat mass percentage (FM %) and bone density was done by (DXA) scanner . Results We found that BMI and TMI were significantly positively correlated with blood pressure. They were also positively correlated with the presence of acanthosis nigricans indicating IR. They were both negatively correlated with cholesterol levels, while fat percentage was positively correlated with insulin levels and HbA1c. BMI was significantly correlated with glucose levels. We found a lower prevalence of obesity was obtained when we used TMI classifications rather than BMI. There was a positive correlation between BMI and each of TMI and fat percentage. Furthermore, only BMI correlated with percentage of body fat (BF%) measured by DXA. Conclusion BMI seems to predict adiposity better than TMI in children and adolescents. In addition, TMI seemed to perform similarly as BMI for identifying metabolic syndrome.

Evaluation of the ability of insulin resistance and lipid-related indices to predict the presence of NAFLD in obese adolescents

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an important health issue in adolescents. Although several parameters and indices have been investigated for the evaluation of NAFLD in adults, these indices are limited in adolescents. In this study, body mass index, waist circumference, triponderal mass index, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (Tg/HDL), the lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the aminotransferase (AT) index were examined together, and their diagnostic values in the clinical treatment of NAFLD were compared.Materials and methodsSeventynine adolescents (10–19 years old) with obesity who were admitted to a pediatric clinic between January and August 2022 and who were diagnosed with exogenous obesity without any comorbidities were included in the study. The presence of NAFLD was evaluated by liver magnetic resonance imaging. The laboratory findings were obtained retrospectively from system records. Parameters were compared between the NAFLD (+) and NAFLD (-) groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most effective factors for NAFLD treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed with significant indices. Sex, HOMA-IR, TyG and AT indices were evaluated together with multivariate analysis to design a diagnostic scale.ResultsHbA1c, HOMA-IR, AT indices and TyG indices were greater in the NAFLD (+) group (P = 0.012; P = 0.001; P = 0.012; P = 0.002, respectively). There was a positive correlation between liver fat percentage and HOMA-IR, the TyG index, the AT index, and Tg/HDL. According to the regression analysis, male sex and elevated HOMA-IR were determined to be significant risk factors for the presence of NAFLD. A probability scale with 4 parameters [sex, HOMA-IR, the TyG index, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] was designed with 82.5% specificity and 80% sensitivity.ConclusionEvaluation of the HOMA-IR and TyG indices, especially in high-risk patients, will support the diagnosis of NAFLD via ultrasonography. A probability scale with ALT, HOMA-IR, TyG, and sex data with a diagnostic accuracy of 80% may aid in the diagnosis of NAFLD in adolescents with obesity.

Tri-ponderal mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy in a cohort of caucasian children and adolescents with obesity

BackgroundPediatric obesity is a global emerging burden for society; among its health-related consequences there are hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Several anthropometric indices have been investigated for the early identification of cardiovascular risk in children. The aim of the present study was to assess whether tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) was associated with LVH in a cohort of Caucasian children and adolescents with obesity.MethodsIn this observational study, 63 children and adolescents with obesity aged 7-to-16 years were enrolled. During outpatient visits, adiposity, and cardio-metabolic indices (BMI z-score, WHR, TMI, ABSI) were collected. All subjects underwent a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and transthoracic echocardiography.ResultsChildren and adolescents with obesity with LVH had significantly higher BMI z-score (p = 0.009), WHR (p = 0.006) and TMI (p = 0.026) compared to children without LVH. WC and WHR were the only indices significantly associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI).ConclusionLeft ventricular remodeling is associated with the cardio-metabolic risk markers WC and WHR, but not with the adiposity index TMI among children with obesity.

Association between tri-ponderal mass index and glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China: A case-control study.

Obesity is a risk factor for glucose metabolism disorder. This study explored the association between the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and indicators of glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China. This retrospective case-control study included children aged 3 to 18 years old diagnosed with obesity at Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital (China) between January 2020 and April 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records. Factors associated with glucose metabolism disorder were explored by logistic regression analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships between TMI and indicators of glucose metabolism disorder. The analysis included 781 children. The prevalence of glucose metabolism disorder was 22.0% (172/781). The glucose metabolism disorder group had an older age (11.13 ± 2.19 vs 10.45 ± 2.33 years old, P = .001), comprised more females (76.8% vs 66.9%, P = .008), had a higher Tanner index (P = .001), and had a larger waist circumference (89.00 [82.00-95.00] vs 86.00 [79.00-93.75] cm, P = .025) than the non-glucose metabolism disorder group. There were no significant differences between the glucose metabolism disorder and non-glucose metabolism disorder groups in other clinical parameters, including body mass index (26.99 [24.71-30.58] vs 26.57 [24.55-29.41] kg/m2) and TMI (18.38 [17.11-19.88] vs 18.37 [17.11-19.88] kg/m3). Multivariable logistic regression did not identify any factors associated with glucose metabolism disorder. Furthermore, TMI was only very weakly or negligibly correlated with indicators related to glucose metabolism disorder. TMI may not be a useful indicator to screen for glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China.

Reference values for the 6-min walking test in children and adolescents living in a moderate altitude region of Peru

BackgroundThe assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness is important because it allows the identification of subgroups with poor health status and the targeting of effective intervention strategies to improve health.ObjectiveTo compare the cardiorespiratory capacity of children and adolescents living in a moderate altitude region of Peru with international studies and to develop reference values for the 6-min walk test (6MWT) according to age and sex.MethodologyA descriptive cross-sectional study of schoolchildren from a region of moderate altitude in Peru was carried out. A total of 704 schoolchildren (400 males and 304 females) with an age range of 6 to 17 years were studied. Weight, standing height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) were evaluated. The 6MWT was assessed in a straight line over a distance of 30 m. Percentiles were created through the LMS method [L (skewness: lambda), M (median: mu) and S (coefficient of variation: Mu)].ResultsThere were discrepancies in cardiorespiratory fitness performance with international studies by age and sex. The schoolchildren in the study reached stability and the highest number of meters in the last two age ranges (14 to 15 years: 698.1 m and 16 to 17 years 686.3 m in males). While females (14 to 15 years: 698.1 m and 16 to 17 years: 686.3 m). The proposed percentile values show ascending values as age advances. The cut-off points adopted are: low cardiorespiratory fitness < p25, moderate p25 to p75 and high cardiorespiratory fitness p > 75.ConclusionWe verified that the cardiorespiratory fitness evaluated by means of the 6MWT is ascending with the course of age. Even the performance with other countries is heterogeneous at early and middle ages, stabilizing during adolescence. The proposed reference values can be used to evaluate and monitor cardiorespiratory fitness during physical education classes.

Moderating role of 1-minute abdominal test in the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and adiponectin concentration in adolescents

BackgroundAdiponectin is an anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, has been associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk, and has controversial results with muscular fitness. The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction of 1-minute abdominal test in the relationship between adiposity, body composition, cardiometabolic risk and adiponectin concentration in adolescents.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted with 62 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11 to 16 years, approved by the Ethics Committee of Research in Humans (CAEE: 62963916.0.0000.5223). Body mass, height, abdominal circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), adiponectin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP), 1-minute abdominal test (ABD) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), triponderal mass index (TMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The macro PROCESS for SPSS v.24.0 was used for moderation analyses, with linear regression models.ResultsInverse interactions were found for adiposity (BMI, BMI-z, TMI, AC, WC, WHtR), body composition (FM, FFM) and CMRF (SBP, DBP, MBP, TG) versus 1-minute abdominal test with adiponectin concentration, demonstrating that abdominal test is a moderator in these relationships.ConclusionWe conclude that 1-minute abdominal test may play an important role in the relationship between obesity and cardiometabolic risk. We found that muscular fitness can confer a protective effect on adolescents with high levels of abdominal test.

Effects of a short-term wheelchair yoga intervention on balance in elderly women with neurodegenerative diseases: A preliminary study

Abstract Study aim: This study examined effects of practicing of the wheelchair yoga intervention for 4 weeks on static and dynamic balance and physical, mental and social health in elderly female wheelchair users with neurodegenerative diseases. Material and methods: Elderly females (n = 22, mean age 75.1 ± 5.8 years), users of a wheelchair participated in the 4-week wheelchair yoga intervention program. Medical anamnesis, bioimpedance body composition assessment, Tinetti balance assessment tool, and the RAND 36 Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used in the pre – and post-measurements. Results: Multivariate regression – orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) and non-parametric comparisons revealed significant increase in the dynamic balance, total muscle mass, and the social score after the yoga program. Changes in the Tri-ponderal mass index and several indicators of mental health were the best mediators for the effect of the yoga program on dynamic balance. Conclusions: Wheelchair yoga intervention program could be a beneficial rehabilitation method for stimulation of neuromotor functions associated with balance control in elderly females – users of a wheelchair due to neurodegenerative diseases.

Triponderal Mass Index rather than Body Mass Index in discriminating high adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescents

Triponderal Mass Index rather than Body Mass Index in discriminating high adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescents

Tri-ponderal mass index as a screening tool for obesity prediction in children aged 6-9 years.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) in determining obesity in Chinese children aged 6-9 years, using the criteria of percentage of body fat (PBF) and body mass index z-scores (BMI-Z). The cross-sectional study included 5365 children, aged 6-9 years, who participated in the project survey "Group prevention and treatment of obesity among students and school health promotion in Shanghai" from September 2007 to September 2009. Height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), TMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and PBF were recorded. Statistical analyses including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, receiver operating characteristics curve, and kappa chi-square test were performed. TMI for both sexes was relatively constant with increasing age, and statistically significant differences were not observed at some ages (P > 0.05 at 6, 7, 8, and 9 years). WHtR showed subtle changes, while BMI and PBF increased significantly with age in boys and girls (P < 0.01). Using BMI-Z criteria as the measure of general obesity, the results indicated that TMI cutoff values for 6-9 years were 14.60 kg/m3 for boys and 14.84 kg/m3 for girls (P < 0.001). Analysis of the agreement between TMI and BMI-Z showed that the kappa statistic was 0.826 in boys and 0.709 in girls (P < 0.001). TMI, as a constant tool, holds great potential as an alternative screening method for identifying children aged 6-9 years who may be at risk of obesity at an early stage.

Associations between tri-ponderal mass index, body mass index, and high blood pressure among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

High blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are major public health issues globally. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and body mass index (BMI) and HBP and to determine which anthropometric parameters may best predict HBP among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. This cross-sectional study included 3710 Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–18 (52.7% boys and 47.3% girls). Each subject’s height, weight, and other anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure were measured according to standardized protocols; subsequently, TMI and BMI were calculated. The prevalence of HBP was 27% (the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension was 13.7% and 13.3%, respectively), significantly higher for boys than for girls. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the BMI z-score and BP were higher than those between the TMI z-score and BP. In both sexes combined, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for HBP were increased significantly with increasing quartiles of TMI and BMI as compared to the first quartile (Q1) (Q2: aOR = 1.37 and aOR = 1.69; Q3: aOR = 2.10 and aOR = 2.27; Q4: aOR = 3.95 and aOR = 4.91, respectively). Significant associations also were observed between overweight and obesity (defined according to two methods: age- and sex-specific TMI percentiles and IOTF criteria) among boys and girls separately. BMI presented a higher area under the curve value than TMI for predicting HBP in children and adolescents. The findings of the study suggest that BMI and TMI are significantly associated with HBP. However, BMI is a better predictor for HBP than TMI among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–18 years.

FRI049 Correlation Between Tri-Ponderal Mass Index And Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 In Children And Adolescent

Abstract Disclosure: I.H. Choi: None. M. Kim: None. Purpose: We aimed to investigate relation between Tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) which has been known to be associated with growth and development of fat. Methods: 1630 children and adolescent has been selected among patient who has visited Jeonbuk National University children’s hospital and been diagnosed as normal. Patient’s medical chart were reviewed retrospectively about age, sex, height, weight, Body mass index (BMI), TMI, IGF-I, IGFBP-3. Male group and female group were categorized into 4 age groups and weight group such as underweight, normal, overweight, obesity according to BMI and TMI. Correlation between each of BMI, TMI and IGF-I, IGF-I standard deviation score (SDS), IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were analyzed. Results: In male group, significant correlation between BMI and IGF-I, IGF-I SDS, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was observed only in normal weight group. But Significant correlation was observed in normal weight group between TMI and IGF-I, IGF-I SDS, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio, also in overweight group between TMI and IGF-I, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS. In female group, significant correlation for BMI was observed in normal weight group with all variable and in overweight group with IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS. Significant correlation for TMI was observed in normal weight group with all variable except IGFBP-3 SDS, and in overweight group with all variable, also in obesity group with IGFBP-3 SDS (rho=0.571, p=0.041). Conclusions: TMI may have significant correlation with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in overweight and obesity group more than BMI. Especially IGFBP-3 SDS with TMI may be more helpful to evaluate overweight and obesity in female adolescent Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Comparison of Several Anthropometric Indices Related to Body Fat in Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School-Aged Children-A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Body fat (BF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are important health markers that ought to be considered in screening exams. The aim of this study was to assess the value of six indicators, i.e., tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), relative fat mass (RFM), waist-BMI ratio, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) in predicting CRF in school-aged children. The analysis was based on the data coming from the examination of 190 children participating in school physical education (PE) classes. Their body weight (BW) and height (BH), waist and hip circumference (WC; HC) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were measured; the CRF test was performed with the use of the 20 m shuttle run test (20 mSRT); peak heart rate (HRpeak) was measured; TMI, relative fat mass pediatric (RFMp), waist-BMI ratio, WHtR, BMI and WHR were calculated. Statistical analysis was mainly conducted using regression models. The developed regression models, with respect to the sex and age of the children, revealed RFMp as the strongest CRF indicator (R2 = 51.1%) and WHR as well as waist-BMI ratio as the weakest ones (R2 = 39.2% and R2 = 40.5%, respectively). In predicting CRF in school-aged children, RFMp turned out to be comparable to body fat percentage obtained by means of the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (R2 = 50.3%), and as such it can be used as a simple screening measure in prophylactic exams of school children. All of these models were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Weight trajectories and obesity remission among school-aged children.

Many studies examining weight trajectories have used adiposity measures shown to be problematic for trajectory analysis in children with obesity, and remission of obesity remains poorly understood. To describe weight trajectories for school-aged children, the rate of obesity remission and factors associated. Children between 6 and 11 years of age with ≥3 valid height and weight measurements from an Oregon hospital-system over a minimum six-month period were included. Percent distance from the median body mass index (BMI) was used for modeling. Latent class analysis and linear mixed models were used to classify children based on their weight trajectory. We included 11,247 subjects with a median of 2.1 years of follow-up, with 1,614 (14.4%) classified as overweight and 1,794 (16.0%) classified as obese. Of subjects with obesity, 1% experienced remission during follow-up, whereas 23% of those with overweight moved to within a healthy weight range. Latent class analysis identified three classes within each weight-based stratum over time. The majority of children with overweight or obesity had a flat trajectory over time. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a worsening trajectory. Latent class models using alternate measures (BMI, BMI z-scores, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI)) differed substantially from each other. Obesity remission was uncommon using the adiposity metric of distance from the median though transition from overweight to healthy weight was more common. Children with low socioeconomic status have worse trajectories overall. The choice of adiposity metric may have a substantial effect on the outcomes.

Moderation of Physical Activity between Cardiometabolic Risk and Adiponectin in Adolescents.

The aims of the study were to examine the moderating role of physical activity in the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and adiponectin concentration in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 96 adolescents of both sexes, between 11 and 17 years old. Body mass, height, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and level of physical activity (energy expenditure questionnaire) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), triponderal mass index (TMI), homeostasis model to assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Macro-PROCESS for SPSS was used for moderation analyses. Direct interactions were found for BMI, TMI, FM, insulin, and HOMA-IR and inverse for LDL-c, and QUICKI. Protection against cardiometabolic risk was found when the PA-coeff was completed above 1.57 coeff (BMI), 1.62 coeff (TMI), 1.55 coeff (FM), 1.41 coeff (LDL-c)1.60 coeff (insulin), 1.59 coeff (HOMA-IR) and 1.35 coeff (QUICKI). We conclude that physical activity was a moderator in the relationship with adiposity, insulin resistance and sensitivity, LDL-c, and adiponectin. In this context, we evidenced a relevant clinical impact on the health of adolescents, demonstrating the interaction between anthropometrics variables and physical activity.

Lower adiponectin is associated with higher anthropometry and insulin resistance but not with low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between adiposity, cardiometabolic risk and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) according to different groups of adiponectin concentration. 255 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11-17years old, participated. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass, height, abdominal circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), fat mass, fat-free mass, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), triponderal mass index (TMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model to assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Adiponectin was categorized: low adiponectin concentration (LAC ≤ 5.18µg/mL-1), intermediate (IAC = 5.18 and 7.63µg/mL-1) and high (HAC ≥ 7.63µg/ml-1). LAC showed higher BMI, BMI-z and TMI than the other groups (p < 0.05) and higher AC, WC and WHtR that the HAC (p < 0.05). IAC showed lower values of TC, LDL-c and TG, and the LAC presented the highest values of insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI (p < 0.05) to the IAC and HAC. HAC presented the lower VO2peak than the other groups (p < 0.01). BMI, TMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR showed inverse, and QUICKI a direct and weak correlation with adiponectin (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between adiponectin and VO2peak (p > 0.05). The LAC group had higher means in the anthropometric variables and the worst results related to insulin resistance and sensitivity. Thus, adiponectin may play an important role in obesity and reduced concentration may be a factor in the development of obesity-associated morbidities.