Triethylene Glycol Research Articles

Exploring the reactivity and interactions of a poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine)‐conjugated polymer with Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractConjugated tetrazine‐containing polymers that undergo inverse electron demand Diels‐Alder (IEDDA) reactions with trans‐cyclooctenes are interesting not only for their intrinsic optoelectronic properties, but also their interactions with π‐conjugated surfaces. Here, we prepared a series of poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) polymers and carried out IEDDA reactions to decorate them with hydroxyl, hexadecyl, or triethylene glycol side chains. The polymers were investigated pre‐ and post‐IEDDA coupling in terms of their ability to disperse single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in organic solvent. It was found that polymer molecular weight, side chain structure, and degree of conjugation all impacted the quality of SWNT dispersions. While the starting poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) polymer produced concentrated dispersions, the post‐IEDDA polymer containing dihydropyridazine groups did not produce dispersions of equal concentration. However, upon oxidation to the fully aromatic pyridazines, the polymers regained their ability to form concentrated dispersions. Furthermore, the post‐IEDDA polymers exhibited increased selectivity toward metallic SWNTs relative to the starting polymer. Due to the efficiency of the IEDDA reaction, it was also possible to use this chemistry to derivatize the nanotube complex with poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) post‐dispersion. Overall, this work demonstrates the first use of reactive polytetrazines to disperse SWNTs, allowing rapid modification of polymer‐nanotube complexes.

Mechanical Properties of Newly Developed Flowable Composite Derived from Rice Husk at Different Monomer Ratios

An ideal flowable composite (FC) requires good mechanical properties to fulfill its role as a dental restorative material and ensure durability and clinical efficacy, with these properties being influenced by different monomer ratios. The study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the newly developed FC on Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and flexural modulus at different monomer ratios. The newly developed FC employed nanohybrid silica from rice husk and zirconia as fillers, and the ratio of urethane dimethacrylate to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (UDMA:TEGDMA) at 20:80, 30:70, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20 and 90:10 as monomers. Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable Restorative, Revolution Formula 2, and G-aenial Universal Flo served as control groups. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test. Generally, the higher UDMA ratio in the newly developed FCs exhibited higher mechanical properties. All newly developed FCs demonstrated a significant decrease in Vickers hardness than control groups. The flexural strength values at ratios of 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, and 90:10 were comparable with control groups and passed the International Organization for Standardization 4049 requirement. Meanwhile, the flexuralmodulus of the newly developed FC at the ratio of 90:10 was comparable to Revolution Formula 2. In summary, the differences in monomer ratios affect the mechanical properties of the newly developed FCs. The improved mechanical properties at ratios of 80:20 and 90:10 could potentially substitute sustainable dental restorative materials, subjected to further investigations.

An analytical study of TEG loss in a natural gas purification plant based on high-pressure droplet angular scattering

In the process of purifying natural gas, natural gas dehydration plants use triethylene glycol (TEG) as a solvent for absorption. However, the loss of TEGs in the form of droplets can pollute pipelines and create a technological challenge. Using the geometric optical approximation (GOA) method, a model was developed to predict the scattering of droplets at high pressure. Based on this model, a device was designed and constructed to inspect droplets in external pipelines and distillation column tailgate lines online, which are the outlets of the natural gas dehydration unit (TEG absorber tower) of four columns in stable production. This device analyzes the components of the sampled droplets and performs online inspection to ensure smooth and safe operation. The results of the experiment indicate that the TEG content in the droplet samples exceeded 80%, which helped identify the source of the loss. The amount of treatment directly affected the concentration and distribution features of the entrained droplets, whereas the impact of the gas-phase pressure change was negligible. This study investigated three different forms of filtration separation, which provided industrial data for the separation and recovery process of entrained droplets. This study provides a new testing tool and method to examine plate towers under high pressure and provides a theoretical reference for dewatering procedures in natural gas purification plants.

Modeling and simulation for the sustainable recovery of aromatics (BTX) from petrochemical industrial wastewater.

Petrochemical wastewater is a major industrial source of pollution that produces a variety of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants, naturally present or added during the process. These pollutants are a serious threat to the soil, water, environment, and human being due to their complex and hazardous nature. Glycols such as monoethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), and aromatics (BTX-benzene, toluene, and xylene) are the most common organic impurities present in petrochemical wastewater. The objective of this paper is to recover aromatics and water from petrochemical industrial wastewater. The reclamation process is used to remove inorganic impurities such as heavy metals Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Al, Ni, As, Cr, Cu, Cd, and K and salts. In the present work, 1% sodium bi-carbonate (NaHCO3) is used to precipitate the inorganic impurities present in the wastewater at 40°C atmospherically. Aspen Hysys simulation software is used for modeling and simulation for the treatment process using NRTL (non-random-two-liquid) thermodynamic model. The process generated from Aspen Hysys is validated with lab experiments. To support global sustainable development, this study is focused on reducing, reusing, and recycling separation techniques such as centrifuge separation and vacuum distillation have been used. The characterization of regenerated water was performed using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) to determine the reduction in heavy metals. It was found that > 99.5% of heavy metals were removed. The regeneration of these aromatics is necessary for economic and environmental reasons so that it can be reused to avoid its disposal in and contamination of natural environments.

The development of high-performance kinetic hydrate inhibitors by introducing N-vinyl caprolactam and vinyl ether homopolymers into PVCap

Low dosage kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) are a kind of alternative chemical additives to prevent gas hydrate formation in oil & gas production wells and transportation pipelines. In this work, a series of KHIs were experimentally synthesized with N-vinyl caprolactam (N-VCap) and vinyl ether including vinyl ether, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, with the mole ratio ranging from 9:1 to 5:5. The inhibition performance of new-synthesized KHIs on the formation process of methane hydrate were examined and compared with that of commercial N-vinyl caprolactam PVCap. Several ethylenediamine reagents were used as synergists and tested to improve the inhibition capacity of new-synthesized KHIs. The experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of ether groups on PVCap improves the performance of hydrate inhibitors. PVCap-VNBE (N-VCap: vinyl n-butyl ether = 5:5) showed the best inhibition performance for methane hydrate, which could extend the TVO to 1251 min under 6 K subcooling. N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine shows the best synergistic effect for PVCap-VNBE (5:5), and extends the TVO by 2.75 times at 7 K subcooling. Additionally, the relationship between hydrate inhibition performance and interfacial tension of newly-synthesized KHIs under high pressure were studied. It shows that the lower interfacial tension of KHIs would result in longer onset time, exhibiting better inhibition performance.

Molecular Dynamics Calculation of Interfacial Tension in a Two-Phase Liquid Hydrocarbon–Water–Surfactant System: From Rarefied to Superdense Surfactant Monolayer

A method is proposed for calculating low interfacial tension (IFT) based on molecular dynamics simulation of systems with superdense packing of surfactant molecules at the water–liquid hydrocarbon interface. The interfacial tension was calculated by the molecular dynamics method using the all-atom and coarse-grained models in water–alkane (decane, dodecane) two-phase systems in the presence of various individual surfactants. The following ionic and nonionic surfactants were considered: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium decet-6 sulfate C10E6SO4Na, hexaethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C10E6), triethylene glycol monononadecyl ether (C19E3), and octapropoxypentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12P8E5). It was shown that the interfacial tension decreases to zero when surfactant adsorption increases to the limiting values.

Evaluation of Biocomposite Cements for Bone Defect Repair in Rat Models.

Repairing or reconstructing significant bone defects is typically challenging. In the present study, two composite cements were used as scaffolds in a sub-critical femoral defect in rats. A control group and two experimental batches were used to compare the outcomes. This research aimed to investigate the osteogenic potential and toxicological tolerance of the bioproducts through histopathology and computed tomography imaging analysis at 14, 28, 56, and 90 days post-implantation. The biomaterials used in the investigation consisted of a 65% bioactive salinized inorganic filler and a 25% weight organic matrix. The organic part of the biomaterial was composed of Bis-GMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate), UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate), while the inorganic filler was composed of silica, barium glass, hydroxyapatite, and fluor aluminosilicate glass. The first findings of this research are encouraging, revealing that there is a slight difference between the groups treated with biomaterials, but it might be an effective approach for managing bone abnormalities. Material C1 exhibited a faster bone defect healing time compared to material C2, where bone fractures occurred in some individuals. It is unclear if the fractures were caused by the presence of the biomaterial C2 or whether additional variables were to blame. By the end of the research, the mice appeared to tolerate the biomaterials without exhibiting any inflammatory or rejection responses.

Unveiling dynamic alterations of lipid droplet polarity during NAFLD-triggered lipophagy utilizing a far-red fluorescent probe with large stokes shift

Lipophagy as a form of autophagy, can degrade lipid droplets, thereby acting as a critical regulator of cellular lipid metabolism, helping maintain the intracellular lipid homeostasis. In this study, we developed LP-SCUN, a far-red fluorescent probe for pinpointing lipid droplets with high sensitivity to solvent polarity. This probe allows for in situ imaging of lipophagy, tracking how lipid droplets move from non-polar to polar environments within lysosomes, leading to noticeable changes in fluorescence signals. The triphenylamine and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether groups of LP-SCUN facilitated its selective binding toward lipid droplets. Significantly, lipophagy and subsequent formation of autolysosomes decreased the environmental polarity, leading to a significant decrease in red fluorescence intensity (λex = 500 nm and λem = 643 nm). As such LP-SCUN was suitable for the in situ and real-time tracking of the cellular lipophagic processes. With this research we used LP-SCUN to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism in liver cells of palmitate-induced hyperlipidemia cell models and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia animal models. The results indicated that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can trigger an increase in cell lipophagy levels, while the inhibition of cell lipophagy can effectively alleviate the damage caused by NAFLD to cells and liver tissue in mice.

Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Processed with Green Solvents Enabling a Wide Antisolvent Time Window

AbstractGreen solvent processing of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a necessity for their future commercialization. However, the almost insoluble nature of perovskites in most green solvents strongly impedes the progress of green solvent‐processed PeLEDs. Here, a novel green solvent triethylene glycol (TEG) is used as the processing solvent for perovskites. TEG has better solubility for perovskite precursors than most reported green solvents. Moreover, it is found that the low vapor pressure of TEG solvent and stable precursor solution render a much wider time window for the so‐called antisolvent treatment than that of perovskite precursor solution in commonly dimethyl sulfoxide. High‐quality perovskite film can be readily synthesized with the antisolvent treatment at a time window of 70–100 s, and the resultant green PeLEDs demonstrate nearly identical light‐emitting efficiencies. Together with further interface modification, the optimized green PeLEDs processed with TEG exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 20.4% and a maximal luminance over 38000 cd m−2. It is the first successful attempt to fabricate high‐efficiency PeLEDs utilizing green solvent and is enlightening for the development of high‐performance PeLEDs prepared with eco‐friendly solvents.

Electropolishing of Magnesium and Its Alloys using a Safe Glycol Solution containing Sodium Chloride

Abstract The electropolishing behavior of pure magnesium and its alloys in ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TrEG), and tetraethylene glycol (TeEG) solutions containing sodium chloride was investigated using electrochemical measurements, microscopic observations, and reflectance measurements. Large light-grayish cloudy areas with micrometer-scale linear irregularities were formed on the magnesium surface via constant-voltage electrolysis in the EG solution, whereas mirror-finished magnesium surfaces were successfully obtained in the DEG and TeEG solutions. Among these, the DEG solution is considered appropriate for electropolishing because of its lower viscosity and market price. The reflectance of the entire visible wavelength region gradually increased with time during electrolysis in the DEG solution at 308 K. We found that short-term electrolysis for 3 min at the higher voltage of 75 V should be selected if a moderately polished surface is to be rapidly obtained, whereas long-term electrolysis for 60-300 min at 50 V should be performed if a highly polished surface with an extremely high reflectivity measuring more than 80% can be obtained. Three-dimensional magnesium specimens with curved and spiral shapes and an LZ91 magnesium alloy consisting of a simple solid-solution matrix can also be electropolished via electrolysis in a DEG solution.

Effect of Stearyl Methacrylate Comonomer on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Dimethacrylate-Based Dental Resins.

This study evaluated the effect of stearyl methacrylate addition on the physical and mechanical properties of bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate- and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-based polymers, which are traditionally used in dental applications. Methacrylate-based monomer compositions are polymerized under the visible blue light spectrum. An analysis of double bond conversion, surface microhardness test, three-point bending test and water sorption and water solubility were tested to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the dental polymers. The results indicated that stearyl methacrylate addition up to 25 wt% reduced the water sorption of the polymers. At amounts of stearyl methacrylate higher than 25 wt%, the solubility of the polymer in water increases due to the monofunctional structure. Mechanical properties are negatively affected by the increasing stearyl methacrylate ratio. Further, the addition of stearyl methacrylate slightly increased thermal stability. As such, the amount of stearyl methacrylate in a polymer composition is critical for the optimization of its mechanical and physical properties. According to the results, the amount of stearyl methacrylate has to be between 12.5-25 wt%.

Specific line shape of the lowest frequency Raman scattering modes of triethylene glycol.

For both dielectric spectroscopy and light scattering spectra, the relaxation modes in the microwave region have been characterized by the Debye relaxation model, which is determined by the peak frequency, or by an empirically extended model (e.g., Cole-Davidson and Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts), which has the appropriate line shape. For light scattering from glass-forming liquids, the general line shape is a broader high frequency side in comparison with Debye relaxation. However, for triethylene glycol (TEG) in liquid form at room temperature, the lowest frequency Raman scattering (LFR) mode shows a peak at about 3.0GHz, which is narrower than that expected for the Debye relaxation. With increasing temperature, this peak exhibits a significant blueshift and begins to resemble the Debye relaxation shape, indicating that the LFR mode of TEG is also a relaxation mode. The narrowing of the LFR mode of TEG is suggested to be caused from the increased non-whiteness of the fluctuation correlations due to increased hydrogen bonding. This is a consequence of breaking the Debye relaxation model's approximation of the overdamping and narrowing limits in the GHz region, which was found in this study by analyzing the relaxation modes of Raman scattering using the multiple random telegraph model for evaluating thermal bath correlation. The analysis results show that the LFR relaxation times of TEG and the main dielectric relaxation overlap only by 333K. However, the second LFR mode and β-relaxation at higher frequencies coincide over a wide temperature range, suggesting that they are corresponding modes.

Emulsion liquid membrane pertraction of soap from crude biodiesel using activated carbon and glycol based deep eutectic solvents

Soap removal from crude biodiesel is considered as one of the most challenging biorefinery processes. This study reports a new technique for soap removal incorporating activated carbon (AC) in an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) system based on deep eutectic solvents (DES-AC-ELM). These DESs were prepared from two salts, namely tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) and choline chloride (ChCl), with different hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) such as ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). COSMO-RS modelling was performed in the evaluation of the activity coefficients and capacity at infinite dilution of DESs. The COSMO-RS simulation shows that the DESs with TEG as the HBD are the most effective stripping agents for soap removal which is in accordance with the experimental results. In addition, the σ-profile and σ-potential were used to investigate the interactions between the soap molecules in each phase. The impact of various process parameters on the soap removal such as the salt: HBD ratio, DES:biodiesel ratio, span-20 concentration, mixing speed, extraction time and dosage of AC were evaluated. The proposed technique achieved a soap extraction efficiency of 99.1% (6.856 ppm) and 97.5% (18.773 ppm) for TMAC:TEG(DES3) and ChCl:TEG(DES6), respectively, with a salt: HBD molar ratio of 1:4, DES:biodiesel ratio of 1:1, 2 wt% surfactant concentration, 10 min extraction duration, 400 rpm mixing speed, 0.5 treatment ratio and 0.5 wt% AC dosage. The transport mechanism of soap conforms to a first-order mass transfer behaviour, with a kinetic rate constant of 0.64 min−1 and 0.43 min−1, for DES3 and DES6, respectively. This study illustrated a new cleaner and simple route for purification of crude biodiesel.

Effectiveness of triethylene glycol disinfection on airborne MS2 bacteriophage under diverse building operational parameters

Research on triethylene glycol (TEG) use to disinfect airborne microorganisms have been conducted in non-realistic chamber settings. This study assesses how air temperature, humidity, HVAC settings, and filtration impact TEG's effectiveness in deactivating a common SARS-CoV-2 substitute, MS2 bacteriophage, in a simulated non-occupied office-sized chamber. The chamber was served by a dedicated HVAC system operating at 22.0, 23.5 and 25.0 °C, at 40, 55 and 70 % relative humidity, at 0, 3 and 6 air change per hour (ACH) recirculation, at 0.8, 2.5 and 5.0 ACH outdoor ventilation and at no, MERV8 and MERV14 filtration status. Airborne MS2 log10 reductions in the presence of TEG increased linearly over time and we noted a higher MS2 inactivation rate with higher TEG concentration. The estimated TEG concentration needed for a one-log inactivation of the MS2 within an hour was 0.44 mg/m3. The efficacy of TEG declined with the increase in temperature from 22.0 to 25.0 °C, peaked at 55 % RH, increased with higher recirculation rates but decreased with increasing ventilation rates and higher efficiency filters. The results of our study suggest that the optimum environmental and building conditions for TEG performance is at 22.0 or 23.5 °C air temperature, 55 % relative humidity, 0.8 ACH ventilation rate and 6 ACH recirculation rate. By conducting experiments in simulated office conditions, this study closes significant knowledge gaps in TEG performance application.

Tuning Ferulic Acid Solubility in Choline-Chloride- and Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Experimental Determination and Machine Learning Modeling.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) represent a promising class of green solvents, offering particular utility in the extraction and development of new formulations of natural compounds such as ferulic acid (FA). The experimental phase of the study undertook a systematic investigation of the solubility of FA in DES, comprising choline chloride or betaine as hydrogen bond acceptors and six different polyols as hydrogen bond donors. The results demonstrated that solvents based on choline chloride were more effective than those based on betaine. The optimal ratio of hydrogen bond acceptors to donors was found to be 1:2 molar. The addition of water to the DES resulted in a notable enhancement in the solubility of FA. Among the polyols tested, triethylene glycol was the most effective. Hence, DES composed of choline chloride and triethylene glycol (TEG) (1:2) with added water in a 0.3 molar ration is suggested as an efficient alternative to traditional organic solvents like DMSO. In the second part of this report, the affinities of FA in saturated solutions were computed for solute-solute and all solute-solvent pairs. It was found that self-association of FA leads to a cyclic structure of the C28 type, common among carboxylic acids, which is the strongest type of FA affinity. On the other hand, among all hetero-molecular bi-complexes, the most stable is the FA-TEG pair, which is an interesting congruency with the high solubility of FA in TEG containing liquids. Finally, this work combined COSMO-RS modeling with machine learning for the development of a model predicting ferulic acid solubility in a wide range of solvents, including not only DES but also classical neat and binary mixtures. A machine learning protocol developed a highly accurate model for predicting FA solubility, significantly outperforming the COSMO-RS approach. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use the support vector regressor (SVR) for screening new dissolution media as it is not only accurate but also has sound generalization to new systems.

A Promising Approach to Target Colorectal Cancer Using Hybrid Triarylmethanes.

Aiming to create an innovative series of anti-colorectal cancer agents, we designed in this work hybrid triarylmethane compounds. Three hybrid triarylmethanes and their corresponding N-oxide analogues were successfully synthesized using an efficient procedure that involved connecting two triarylmethane molecules, through mono-, bi-, and triethylene glycol fragments. In our pursuit to develop more soluble molecules, we synthesized a hybrid triarylmethane featuring a lysine-based spacer through a convergent strategy involving 7 steps. All hybrid compounds were assessed for their antiproliferative activity on human HT-29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Three pyridine N-oxide analogs demonstrated notable antiproliferative potential among the set of tested compounds, with IC50 values ranging from 18 to 24 μM on both human CRC cell lines analyzed. A cytotoxicity study conducted on murine fibroblasts revealed that these three active compounds were not toxic at the IC50 values, indicating their suitability for further drug development. A docking study was conducted on two representative compounds, one for each series and protein kinase B (AKT) was identified as a potential target of their in anti-cancer effects. A computational drug-likeness study predicted favourable oral and intestinal absorption efficiency.

Argyrodite–Li6PS5cl/Polymer–Based Highly Conductive Composite Electrolyte for All–Solid–State Batteries

The intense focus of research is on all–solid–state lithium–ion batteries (ASSLBs) with solid electrolytes (SEs) owing to their potential qualities such as high energy, high power density, and enhanced safety compared to conventional Lithium Ion batteries (LIBs).1 In spite of the numerous advantages of ASSLBs, a lot of issues still need to be solved before commercialization.2 Typically, SEs demonstrate lower ionic conductivity (σ) compared to liquid electrolytes.1 For instance, lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON), a frequently employed SE, exhibits an σ of ca. 10–6 S/cm. In contrast, a liquid electrolyte like lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate demonstrates a higher σ of ca. 10–2 S/cm at room temperature.1 So far, extensive research has been conducted on Argyrodite–Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) electrolytes, yielding promising results for their applications in Li–ion and Li–S batteries.3However, a significant challenge in using argyrodite LPSCl in ASSLBs applications is the interface instability between the LPSCl and electrodes. During charge-discharge (CD) cycling, LPSCl tends to oxidize, leading to the production of elemental sulfur, polysulfides, phosphates, and lithium chloride at the electrode interface.3These side products ultimately hinder cycling stability and can result in dendrite formation at the interface. Another important drawback of LPSCl is its non–negligible electronic conductivity, which allows for smooth electron transport through the LPSCl electrolyte.4Consequently, Li dendrites can be directly deposited at the grain boundaries of LPSCl particles, leading to a serious self–discharge issue.4 In this study, we have developed a composite electrolyte of LPSCl/polymer to enhance the contact between the electrolyte and electrodes and suppress dendrite formation at the grain boundary of the LPSCl ceramic. The monomer, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), is utilized for in–situ polymerization through thermal curing to create the Argyrodite LPSCl/polymer composite electrolyte. Additionally, the ball–milling technique was employed to modify the morphology and particle size of the LPSCl ceramic. The ball–milled LPSCl/polymer composite electrolyte (BLPSCl–P) demonstrates slightly higher ionic conductivity (ca. 2.21 × 10–4 S/cm) compared to the as–received LPSCl/polymer composite electrolyte (ALPSCl–P) (ca. 1.65 × 10–4 S/cm) at 25 °C (Figure 1). Furthermore, both composite electrolytes exhibit excellent compatibility with Li–metal and display cycling stability for up to 1000 hours (375 cycles) (Figure 1), whereas the as–received LPSCl (ALPSCl) and ball–milled LPSCl (BLPSCl) electrolytes maintain stability for up to 600 hours (225 cycles) at a current density of 0.4 mA/cm2. The SSB with the BLPSCl–P delivers high specific discharge capacity (138 mAh/g), Coulombic efficiency (99.97%), and better capacity retention at 0.1C, utilizing the battery configuration of coated NMC811//electrolyte//Li–Indium (In) at 25 °C. Figure 1 REFERENCES (1) Li, S.; Zhang, S. Q.; Shen, L.; Liu, Q.; Ma, J. Bin; Lv, W.; He, Y. B.; Yang, Q. H. Progress and Perspective of Ceramic/Polymer Composite Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries. Adv. Sci. 2020, 7 (5).(2) Lee, S. E.; Sim, H. T.; Lee, Y. J.; Hong, S. B.; Chung, K. Y.; Jung, H. G.; Kim, D. W. Li6PS5Cl–Based Composite Electrolyte Reinforced with High–Strength Polyester Fibers for All–Solid–State Lithium Batteries. J. Power Sources 2022, 542 (6), 231777. (3) Lee, Y. G.; Fujiki, S.; Jung, C.; Suzuki, N.; Yashiro, N.; Omoda, R.; Ko, D. S.; Shiratsuchi, T.; Sugimoto, T.; Ryu, S.; Ku, J. H.; Watanabe, T.; Park, Y.; Aihara, Y.; Im, D.; Han, I. T. High–Energy Long–Cycling All–Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Silver–Carbon Composite Anodes. Nat. Energy 2020, 5 (4), 299–308.(4) Yang, X.; Gao, X.; Jiang, M.; Luo, J.; Yan, J.; Fu, J.; Duan, H.; Zhao, S.; Tang, Y.; Yang, R.; Li, R.; Wang, J.; Huang, H.; Veer Singh, C.; Sun, X. Grain Boundary Electronic Insulation for High–Performance All–Solid–State Lithium Batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, 62 (5). Figure 1

Porphyrin encapsulated in organic polymers: Electropolymerization and preliminary investigations on electrocatalytic activity

AbstractIn the present work, the incorporation of hydrophobic porphyrins in organic polymers through electrochemically induced polymerization of monomers on conventional electrodes and the preliminary investigations on the electrocatalytic activity of these modified electrodes are explained. Electropolymerized porphyrins show better activity than organic polymers of N‐isopropylacrylamide, triethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, and glycerol 1,3‐diglycerolate diacrylate for nitrite oxidation due to the presence of cobalt metal ion. Among the porphyrins investigated, electropolymerized cobalt tetra‐2‐thienylporphyrin requires the least overpotential, due to ease of polymerization and better coating on glassy carbon electrode compared with that of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin and cobalt tetra‐3‐thienylporphyrin. On encapsulating these porphyrins in organic polymers, improved current and lower overpotential are noticed.

Monitoring of nanoplasmonics-assisted deuterium production in a polymer seeded with resonant Au nanorods using in situ femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

In this brief report, we present laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) evidence of deuterium (D) production in a 3:1 urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) polymer doped with resonant gold nanorods, induced by intense, 40 fs laser pulses. The in situ recorded LIBS spectra revealed that the D/(2D + H) increased to 4–8% in the polymer samples in selected events. The extent of transmutation was found to linearly increase with the laser pulse energy (intensity) between 2 and 25 mJ (up to 3 × 1017W/cm2). The observed effect is attributed only to the field enhancing effects due to excited localized surface plasmons on the gold nanoparticles.

Porphyrin-based fluorescent probes for imaging mitochondria in living cells

Porphyrins are well known photosensitizers for clinical applications for cancers. Herein, a series of porphyrin derivatives NTP1-3, which designed as porphyrin conjugated with pyridinium ion and various number of triethylene glycol tails, were synthesized for targeting mitochondria. Solution based experiments show that the probes exhibit a minimal differences of photophysical properties between each probes. When the probes applied into the cancer cells, NTP2 entered inside of the cells and accumulated inside of the mitochondria in cells with a most efficiency, confirmed with co-staining experiment of mitochondria selective rhodamine dye, showing great potential as fluorescent imaging probes. Furthermore, results shows that NTP series probes can be functioned as photodynamic therapy(PDT) agent with red laser light irradiation experiment.