Trewia Nudiflora Research Articles

Characterization of Novel Triacylglycerol Estolides from the Seed Oil of Mallotus philippensis and Trewia nudiflora

Triacylglycerol estolides have been reported as components of the seed oil of a number of plant species and are generally associated with the presence of fatty acids containing hydroxyl groups. We have used MALDI-TOF MS to examine the intact acylglycerol species present in the seed oils of two plants that produce kamlolenic acid (18-hydroxy-Δ9cis,11trans,13trans-octadecatrienoic acid). Mallotus philippensis and Trewia nudiflora were both shown to produce seed oil rich in TAG-estolides. Analysis by MALDI-TOF MS/MS demonstrated that the TAG-estolides had a structure different to that previously proposed after enzymatic digestion of the oil. Acylglycerols containing up to 14 fatty acids were detected but fatty acid estolides were only present in a single position on the glycerol backbone, with predominantly non-hydroxyl fatty acids in the remaining two positions. Increased numbers of fatty acids per glycerol backbone were accounted for by the presence of fatty acid estolides containing a correspondingly greater number of fatty acids. For example, acylglycerols containing seven fatty acids had a fatty acid estolide of five fatty acids at one position on the glycerol backbone. Both capped and uncapped fatty acid estolides, with a free hydroxyl group, were present, with capped fatty acid estolides being more abundant in T. nudiflora and uncapped fatty acid estolides in M. philippensis.

Studies on the Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Compositions of Petuli (Trewia nudiflora Linn.) Seed oil

Studies were carried out on the lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of petuli seed oil. It was observed that petuli seed grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains about 22% pale yellow coloured oil. The total lipids were fractionated into three major lipid classes, neutral lipid glyco lipid and phospho lipid by silicic acid column chromatography. The neutral lipid was accounted to 92.5% of the total weight of the lipid applied. The oil was also fractionated into mono, di and triglyceride by silicic acid column chromatography. The triglyceride was counted for over 90% of the total weight of the oil. The fatty acid compositions of the oil were analyzed by Gas liquid Chromatography and found the major fatty acid ?-elaeostearic acid 38.50%, oleic acid 34.35%, linoleic acid 26.15% and small amount of arachidic acid 1%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10716 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 105-108, 2012

Studies on riverine flora of Pamba river basin, Kerala

AbstractRiparian forests are ecotonal assemblage of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The composition of riparian forests of Pamba River is an amalgamation of riverine, evergreen, deciduous and wetland flora. The floristic investigation of the riparian forests of Pamba river basin revealed taxonomically 433 species which include 410 angiosperms, 3 gymnosperms and 20 pteridophytes. The dominant families based on the number of species are Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Cyperaceae and Fabaceae. The flora consists of a diverse blend of 99 evergreen, 36 deciduous, 50 wetland, 15 shola-grassland, 46 cultivated and 44 riverine components. The river basin holds 17.5 % endemism and 17 RET species. The riparian tree species identified in the present investigation are Barringtonia racemosa, Calophyllum inophyllum, Crateva magna, Dillenia indica, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus, Garcinia gummi-gutta, Humboldtia vahliana, Largestromea speciosa, Neolamarkia kadamba, Ochrenauclea missionis, Syzigium salicifolium, Talipatri tiliaceaum and Trewia nudiflora. It is assumed that these potential tree species might have a crucial role to maintain the ecological integrity of the riparian zones and floodplain for the restoration of Pamba river.

Biochemical and immunological studies on eight pollen types from South Assam, India.

A total of 65 pollen types were identified from two years atmospheric pollen survey in the environmental conditions of South Assam. Out of them, eight pollen types viz., Acacia auriculiformis, Amaranthus spinosus, Cassia alata, Cleome gynandra, Cocos nucifera, Imperata cylindrica, Ricinus communis and Trewia nudiflora, were selected for biochemical studies on the basis of their dominance in the study sites. Among the sample extract tested, Ricinus communis was found to contain the highest amount of soluble protein, free amino acid and total carbohydrate, per gram of dry weight followed by Imperata cylindrica and Cassia alata. Maximum numbers of protein polypeptide bands were detected in the sample extract of Cassia alata by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method followed by Acacia auriculiformis, Imperata cylindrica and Cocos nucifera. IgE binding protein fractions were maximum in Cassia alata and minimum in Trewia nudiflora.

Three New ent‐Trachylobane Diterpenoids from Co‐cultures of the Calli of Trewia nudiflora and Fusarium sp. WXE

AbstractFive diterpenoids, including three new ent‐trachylobane diterpenoids, i.e., (3α)‐3‐hydroxy‐ent‐trachylobane‐17,19‐dioic acid 19‐methyl ester (1), ent‐trachylobane‐17,19‐dioic acid 19‐methyl ester (2), ent‐trachylobane‐17,19‐dioic acid (3), and two known atisane‐type ones, i.e., (16α)‐16,17‐dihydroxy‐ent‐atisan‐19‐oic acid methyl ester (4), and 17‐hydroxy‐ent‐atisan‐19‐oic acid methyl ester (5), were isolated from the co‐culture extract of the calli of Trewia nudiflora and its endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. WXE. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, and HR‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry. The antitumor and antibacterial properties of the new compounds were evaluated.

Spatial distribution, advanced regeneration and stand structure of Nepalese Sal ( Shorea robusta) forests subject to disturbances of different intensities

We investigated the spatial distribution, advanced regeneration and stand structure of five Shorea robusta-dominated forests in 25 1-ha plots subject to disturbances of different intensities. We aim to elucidate the relationships of advanced regeneration and spatial patterns of the tree species with degree of disturbance magnitude. Sixty-seven tree species were recorded in the forest plots; 41 species were found in the least disturbed forests, while only 10 species were found in the heavily disturbed forests. We found 5320 trees with >1.5 cm diameter at breast height, in total, and found that moderately disturbed forests contained the highest advanced regeneration (sapling)/pole densities. No significant differences were observed in stem basal area among forests. The overall stand density changed quadratically across the disturbance gradient. A strong inverse relationship was found between the overall stand density and diameter class in the least disturbed and moderately disturbed forests. Ten species showed variation in their dispersion patterns across the disturbance gradient. Most of the socio-economically important tree species analyzed showed little or no regeneration in the least and most heavily disturbed forests. Individual species showed different responses to disturbance ranging from ‘tolerant’ ( Shorea robusta, Lagerstroemia parviflora and Symplocos spp .) to ‘sensitive’ ( Trewia nudiflora, Adina cardifolia and Terminalia alata). We concluded that moderate disturbance intensity not only ensures high stand density, but also enhances the advanced regeneration of socio-economically important tree species and affects their dispersion patterns. Future management strategy must balance the consumptive needs of the local community with those of species conservation by allowing regulated access to the forests.

Chemical Constituents from the Stem Bark of Trewia nudiflora L. and their Antioxidant Activities

Three new compounds, namely, (+)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4- O- beta-(6''- O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside ( 1), 4,4'- O-dimethylellagic acid 3-(2''- O-acetyl)- alpha-rhamnopyranoside ( 2), and ethyl O- beta-(6'-galloyl)-glucopyranoside ( 3), together with eleven known ones, were isolated from the stem bark of Trewia nudiflora. Their structures were elucidated by means of 1D, 2 D NMR and HR-MS analyses. The antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated with the DPPH radical-scavenging assay. Compound 1 showed significant antioxidant activity. In addition, compounds 1, 2 and 3 rescued the H (2)O (2)-induced PC12 cell death at 0.4 microM in the MTT assay.

Species composition and regeneration pattern along a transect perpendicular to a river course in foot-hill deciduous tropical forest of Kumaun

Thirteen forest stands located perpendicular to a river course were studied for species composition and regeneration pattern in the Bhabhar belt located at the foothill of the Himalaya characterized by tropical climate. The study area was severely impacted by anthropogenic disturbances. In the stands complete dominance by any one species was lacking except one stand were Sal (Shorea robusta) the late successional Dipterocarpaceae species grew pure. In a few stands trees of Holoptela integrifolia, Dalbergia sissoo and Tectona grandis (planted), Trewia nudiflora and Acacia catechu were present in sizable number. Mallotus phillipensis is the greatest reproducer in this study area recruiting generally many more seedlings and saplings than other forest species. This non-fodder species had comparatively better regeneration than good fodder species.

Total phenol, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants

Phenols, a major group of antioxidant phytochemicals, have profound importance due to their biological and free radical scavenging activities. To identify their potential sources, extracts of some plants were studied for their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant (AOA) and free radical scavenging activities (FRSA) by different methods at multiple concentrations followed by specific phenolic composition. The amount of TPC varied from 2.8 mg/g (Withania somnifera, roots) to 107.8 mg/g (Cassia fistula, fruits) and the AOA from 24.2% (Curcuma zeoderia, leaves) to 96.9% (Trewia nudiflora, leaves). Bark of Azadirachta indica, fruits of C. fistula, and leaves and fruits of T. nudiflora were found to have high TPC (89.8–107.8 mg/g) and high AOA (84.8–96.9%). Promising plant parts were studied for their FRSA and reducing power (RP), where the bark of A. indica, Casuarina equisetifolia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum, flowers of Indigofera tinctoria, fruits of Lawsonia inermis, and fruits and leaves of T. nudiflora showed a very low inhibitory concentration value ranging from 0.14 to 0.26 mg/ml, efficiency concentration value from 6.1 to 11.6 mg/mg DPPH and reducing power value from 0.6 to 2.8 ascorbic acid equivalents (ASE/ml), and reasonably high values (8.5–16.2) of anti-radical power (ARP), indicating their strong FRSA. They also showed better inhibition of hydroxyl radical induced deoxyribose degradation than that of reference standard. Fruits of C. fistula with high phenols (107.8 mg/g) showed poor reducing power (5.9 ASE/ml) and ARP (4.7); in contrast, the bark of C. equisetifolia and fruits of L. inermis were with comparatively lower phenols (72.1 and 75.8 mg/g) but exhibited good ARP (16.2 and 14.4) and reducing power (0.7 and 0.6 ASE/ml, respectively). Some of the plants were also found effective in protecting plasmid DNA nicking induced by hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton's reaction. They were further assayed for their specific phenolic composition through high-performance liquid chromatography and MS/MS, where the amount of caffeic acid varied from 0.312 to 0.797 mg/g, chlorogenic acid from 0.018 to 2.109 mg/g, ellagic acid from 0.009 to 0.902 mg/g, ferulic acid from 0.036 to 0.078 mg/g, gallic acid from 0.192 to 3.597 mg/g, kaempferol from 0.011 to 0.910 mg/g, quercetin from 0.047 to 1.106 mg/g and rutin from 0.059 to 2.029 mg/g.

Cardenolides and Cardiac Aglycone from the Stem Bark of Trewia nudiflora

AbstractFive new cardenolides and one new cardiac aglycone, i.e., (5α)‐sarmentogenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (1), (5α)‐sarmentogenin (2), 11‐oxouzarigenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (3), (5α)‐gitoxigenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (4), (5α)‐oleandrigenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (5), and (5α)‐oleandrigenin 3‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside] (6), together with two known cardenolides, i.e., frugoside (= (3β,5α)‐3‐[(6‐deoxy‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl)oxy]‐14,19‐dihydroxycard‐20(22)‐enolide) and (17α)‐ascleposide (= (3β,5α,17α)‐3‐[(6‐deoxy‐α‐D‐allopyranosyl)oxy]‐14‐hydroxycard‐20(22)‐enolide), were isolated from the stem bark of Trewia nudiflora L. (Euphorbiaceae) collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Their structures were established by spectroscopic studies. Cardenolides were first found in the genus Trewia (Euphorbiaceae).

Cell Cycle Inhibitory Activity of 137 Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines Against tsFT210 Cell Line

ABSTRACTOne hundred thirty-seven species of traditional Chinese herbal medicines belonging to 61 families were collected from Yunnan and Sichuan province in the People's Republic of China and tested for cell cycle inhibitory activity against tsFT210 cell line. Thirty-one traditional Chinese medicines from 18 families showed bioactivity, and the ethanol extract of Rubus aleaefolius. Poir. rhizome and Trewia nudiflora. L. rhizome exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity on cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively. The screening results indicated that this bioassay is suitable for screening bioactive natural products from herbal medicines.

Fruits Rhinoceros Eat: Dispersal of Trewia Nudiflora (Euphorbiaceae) in Lowland Nepal

To document the dispersal of the fruits of the tropical tree Trewia nudiflora by a large herbivore, we examined several aspects of the Trewia nudiflora—Rhinoceros unicornis interaction. The fruits of Trewia nudiflora (Linn.) (Euphorbiaceae), a common riverine forest tree of southern Nepal, are large, hard, and dull—colored upon ripening. Although unattractive to arboreal and volant frugivores (monkeys, bats, and birds), Trewia fruits are eaten by greater one—horned Asian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). During the rainy season (June—October), Trewia fruits become an important food source for rhinoceros. Trewia seeds remained from 3 to 7 d inside the gut of captive rhinoceros, but gut treatment itself had no significant effect on germination success. Manuring the seeds in dung significantly increased seedling growth. Trewia is shade—intolerant; despite abundant fruit fall and reasonable seed germination, seedling recruitment was poor under the forest canopy. Uningested fruits often remained hard throughout the monsoon, preventing seeds from germinating. Seeds defecated into grassland latrines created by rhinoceros developed into robust seedlings, whereas seedlings on forest latrines generally died soon after germination or after the monsoon. Heavy seed loads in dung, low germination from uningested fruits, and rapid growth of Trewia seedlings on grassland latrines demonstrate the role of rhinoceros in dispersal and recruitment of woody species in riverine grasslands and the significance of megafaunal dispersal.

Additional New Maytansinoids from Trewia nudiflora: 10-Epitrewiasine and Nortrewiasine

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditional New Maytansinoids from Trewia nudiflora: 10-Epitrewiasine and NortrewiasineRichard G. Powell, Cecil R. Smith Jr., Ronald D. Plattner, and Barry E. JonesCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 5, 660–666Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/np50029a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (384 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Pyridinium oxidases in the family euphorbiaceae

At least seven species ( Chrozophora plicata, Jatropha gossypifolia, Ricinus communis, Tragia involucrata, Trewia nudiflora, Acalypha hispida, Synadenium grantii) in the family Euphorbiaceae have shown enzymatic oxidizing activity on salts of 1-methyl-nicotinotrile. 4- and 6-pyridones were shown to be the enzymic products in vitro for both Trewia nudiflora and Ricinus communis.

Utilization of Pitali (<i>Trewia nudiflora</i>) for Manufacturing Commercial Plywood in Bangladesh

The study was conducted to find out the potentiality of Pitali (Trewia nudiflora) for manufacturing commercial plywood and evaluating its physical and mechanical properties. Two 9-ply plywood of 2.4m x 1.2m x 18mm size were manufactured using liquid urea formaldehyde adhesive. The physical and mechanical properties of T. nudiflora plywood were compared with the existing market available plywood manufactured by Simul (Bombax ceiba). It was found that density were 509.82 kg/m3 and 490.96 kg/m3, moisture content after curing were 10.67% and 17.61%, thickness swelling were 6.90% and 7.29%, linear expansion were 0.19% and 0.15%, water absorption were 50.89% and 64.79%, MOR were 29.94 N/mm2 and 27.05 N/mm2, MOE were 1613.89 N/mm2 and 1160.68 N/mm2, and tensile strength were 14.75 N/mm2 and 13.12 N/mm2 for T. nudiflora plywood and market plywood respectively. The evaluated physical and mechanical properties of T. nudiflora plywood were also compared with some relevant results and standards reported earlier. Key Words: Plywood, Trewia nudiflora, Physical properties, Mechanical properties. doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2249 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4),581-587, 2008